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Pokhriyal A, Kapoor N, Negi S, Sharma G, Chandra S, Gambhir L, Douglas Melo Coutinho H. Endophytic Fungi: Cellular factories of novel medicinal chemistries. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107576. [PMID: 38901278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and associated disorders have been a major contributing factor to mortality worldwide. The augmented mortality rate and emerging resistance against the approved therapeutics necessitate the discovery of novel chemistries destined for multiple clinical settings. Cellular factories including endophytic fungi have been tapped for chemical diversity with therapeutic potential. The emerging evidence has suggested the potential of bioactive compounds isolated from the endophytic fungi as putative agents to combat inflammation-associated disorders. The review summarizesand assists the readers in comprehending the structural and functional aspects of the medicinal chemistries identified from endophytic fungi as anticancer, antiobesity, antigout, and immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Pokhriyal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302015, India
| | - Sanskriti Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302015, India
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun 248001, India.
| | - Lokesh Gambhir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun 248001, India.
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Barreiro C, Albillos SM, García-Estrada C. Penicillium chrysogenum: Beyond the penicillin. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 127:143-221. [PMID: 38763527 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Almost one century after the Sir Alexander Fleming's fortuitous discovery of penicillin and the identification of the fungal producer as Penicillium notatum, later Penicillium chrysogenum (currently reidentified as Penicillium rubens), the molecular mechanisms behind the massive production of penicillin titers by industrial strains could be considered almost fully characterized. However, this filamentous fungus is not only circumscribed to penicillin, and instead, it seems to be full of surprises, thereby producing important metabolites and providing expanded biotechnological applications. This review, in addition to summarizing the classical role of P. chrysogenum as penicillin producer, highlights its ability to generate an array of additional bioactive secondary metabolites and enzymes, together with the use of this microorganism in relevant biotechnological processes, such as bioremediation, biocontrol, production of bioactive nanoparticles and compounds with pharmaceutical interest, revalorization of agricultural and food-derived wastes or the enhancement of food industrial processes and the agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barreiro
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain; Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Silvia M Albillos
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Song J, Ren L, Ren Z, Ren X, Qi Y, Qin Y, Zhang X, Ren Y, Li Y. SIRT1-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis supports therapeutic effects of 4-butyl-polyhydroxybenzophenone compounds against NAFLD. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115728. [PMID: 37625288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria have been identified as key targets in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most prevalent chronic liver damage diseases globally. Meanwhile, the biological information analysis in this study revealed that SIRT1, PPARG, PPARA, and PPARGC1A (mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins) were NAFLD therapeutic targets. Therefore, the design and synthesis of targeted drugs that promote mitochondrial biogenesis and improve mitochondrial function are particularly important for NAFLD treatment. Recently, we introduced butyls, hydroxyls, and halogens to benzophenone and synthesized a series of NAFLD-related 4-butylpolyhydroxybenzophenone compounds, aiming at investigating the hepatoprotective activity from the aspect of mitochondrial biogenesis. The structure-activity relationship demonstrated that hydroxyl and ketone groups were active groups interacting with mitochondrial biogenesis proteins (SIRT1 and PGC1α), and the activity was stronger when the o-hydroxyl group was present on the benzene ring. In contrast, the activity was little affected by the presence of the p-hydroxyl group, m-hydroxyl group, butyl group type, or halogen. In addition, in vitro studies confirmed that these compounds could directly bind to SIRT1 and PGC1α, markedly promote their interaction, significantly increase the expression of proteins and genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis (SIRT1, PGC1α, NRF1, TFAM, COX1, and ND6) and subsequently ameliorate mitochondria dysfunction, which was evidenced by the decreased ROS, upregulated ATP production, increased MMP, and enhanced mitochondrial number. According to the outcomes of our in vitro and in vivo experiments, 4-butyl-polyhydroxybenzophenone compounds could also effectively reduce the formation of lipid droplets and liver injury index (ALT, AST, LDH, AKP, γ-GT, and GDH) and improve the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD). Particularly, the treatment of these compounds after a high-fat diet could significantly reduce body weight, decrease liver coefficient, attenuate liver damage, and ameliorate lipid accumulation in rat liver, demonstrating their therapeutic effects on NAFLD. Mechanistically, 4-butyl-polyhydroxybenzophenone compounds promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and eventually prevented NAFLD liver injury by activating the PGC1α signaling pathway in a SIRT1-dependent manner, which was strongly supported by SIRT1 inhibitor EX527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Luyao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Zhenzhu Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Xing Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yang Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yuxi Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yunlan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China; School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, PR China.
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Ibrahim SRM, Fahad ALsiyud D, Alfaeq AY, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Benzophenones-natural metabolites with great Hopes in drug discovery: structures, occurrence, bioactivities, and biosynthesis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23472-23498. [PMID: 37546221 PMCID: PMC10402873 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02788k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi have protruded with enormous development in the repository of drug discovery, making them some of the most attractive sources for the synthesis of bio-significant and structural novel metabolites. Benzophenones are structurally unique metabolites with phenol/carbonyl/phenol frameworks, that are separated from microbial and plant sources. They have drawn considerable interest from researchers due to their versatile building blocks and diversified bio-activities. The current work aimed to highlight the reported data on fungal benzophenones, including their structures, occurrence, and bioactivities in the period from 1963 to April 2023. Overall, 147 benzophenones derived from fungal source were listed in this work. Structure activity relationships of the benzophenones derivatives have been discussed. Also, in this review, a brief insight into their biosynthetic routes was presented. This work could shed light on the future research of benzophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College Jeddah 21442 Saudi Arabia +966-581183034
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Duaa Fahad ALsiyud
- Department of Medical Laboratories - Hematology, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital Corniche Road, Andalus Jeddah 23311 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Y Alfaeq
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs Jeddah 22384 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa G A Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, British University, El Sherouk City Suez Desert Road Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K, Grenda A, Jakubczyk A, Krawczyk P. Natural Bacterial and Fungal Peptides as a Promising Treatment to Defeat Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114381. [PMID: 37298856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing availability of modern treatments, including personalized therapies, there is a strong need to search for new drugs that will be effective in the fight against cancer. The chemotherapeutics currently available to oncologists do not always yield satisfactory outcomes when used in systemic treatments, and patients experience burdensome side effects during their application. In the era of personalized therapies, doctors caring for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been given a powerful weapon, namely molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies. They can be used when genetic variants of the disease qualifying for therapy are diagnosed. These therapies have contributed to the extension of the overall survival time in patients. Nevertheless, effective treatment may be hindered in the case of clonal selection of tumor cells with acquired resistance mutations. The state-of-the-art therapy currently used in NSCLC patients is immunotherapy targeting the immune checkpoints. Although it is effective, some patients have been observed to develop resistance to immunotherapy, but its cause is still unknown. Personalized therapies extend the lifespan and time to cancer progression in patients, but only those with a confirmed marker qualifying for the treatment (gene mutations/rearrangements or PD-L1 expression on tumor cells) can benefit from these therapies. They also cause less burdensome side effects than chemotherapy. The article is focused on compounds that can be used in oncology and produce as few side effects as possible. The search for compounds of natural origin, e.g., plants, bacteria, or fungi, exhibiting anticancer properties seems to be a good solution. This article is a literature review of research on compounds of natural origin that can potentially be used as part of NSCLC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, The University of Life Sciences, Leszczyńskiego Street 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna Street 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Shaaban R, Elnaggar MS, Khalil N, Singab ANB. A comprehensive review on the medicinally valuable endosymbiotic fungi Penicillium chrysogenum. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:240. [PMID: 37195521 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that metabolites derived from endosymbiotic fungi attracted high attention, since plenty of them have promising pharmaceutical applications. The variation of metabolic pathways in fungi is considered an optimistic source for lead compounds. Among these classes are terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, and steroids, which have proved several pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral actions. This review concludes the major isolated compounds from different strains of Penicillium chrysogenum during the period 2013-2023, together with their reported pharmacological activities. From literature surveys, 277 compounds have been identified from P. chrysogenum, which has been isolated as an endosymbiotic fungus from different host organisms, with specific attention paid to those showing marked biological activities that could be useful in the pharmaceutical industry in the future. This review represents documentation for a valuable reference for promising pharmaceutical applications or further needed studies on P. chrysogenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Noha Khalil
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Su Y, Song G, Shen Y, Li X, Ren H. Mechanisms and energetics for hydrogen abstraction of thymine photosensitized by benzophenone from theoretical principles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6467-6472. [PMID: 36779968 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05481g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The significant role of hydrogen abstraction in chemistry and biology has inspired many theoretical works to link its practical phenomena and mechanistic properties. Here, the photophysical processes and hydrogen abstraction mechanisms of benzophenone (BZP) photosensitized thymine damage were systematically investigated from theoretical principles. It was found that the BZP photosensitizer upon UV irradiation undergoes vertical excitation, internal conversion, vibrational relaxation and intersystem crossing into a triplet excited state. Then the triplet BZP damages thymine by a hydrogen abstraction process. However, the reverse reaction easily occurs due to the lower reaction energy, which causes a low yield of hydrogen abstraction products. We hope this comprehensive work can provide a deeper understanding of photosensitive DNA damage from hydrogen abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Guanlin Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yan Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Haisheng Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Metabolic Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Penicillium chrysogenum “Endozoic of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge” from the Red Sea (Egypt). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050326. [PMID: 35621977 PMCID: PMC9143181 DOI: 10.3390/md20050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponge-derived endozoic fungi have been gaining increasing importance as promising sources of numerous and unique bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium chrysogenum derived from Cliona sp. sponge. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from P. chrysogenum ethyl acetate extract along with the kojic acid (KA) isolation. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS positive ionization mode was used to analyze and identify the extract constituents while 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy were used for kojic acid (KA) structure confirmation. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. Both the extract and kojic acid showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 250 ± 0.82 µg/mL. Interestingly, the extract showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 93.75 ± 0.55 and 19.53 ± 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, KA showed the same potency against Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 39.06 ± 0.85 and 39.06 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively. Ultimately, KA showed strong antioxidant activity with IC50 33.7 ± 0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, the extract and KA showed strong cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (with IC50 22.6 ± 0.8 and 23.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively) and human larynx carcinoma (with equal IC50 30.8 ± 1.3 and ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively), respectively. The current study represents the first insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of P. chrysoenum ethyl acetate extract, which could be a promising source of valuable secondary metabolites with potent biological potentials.
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Fierro F, Vaca I, Castillo NI, García-Rico RO, Chávez R. Penicillium chrysogenum, a Vintage Model with a Cutting-Edge Profile in Biotechnology. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030573. [PMID: 35336148 PMCID: PMC8954384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin entailed a decisive breakthrough in medicine. No other medical advance has ever had the same impact in the clinical practise. The fungus Penicillium chrysogenum (reclassified as P. rubens) has been used for industrial production of penicillin ever since the forties of the past century; industrial biotechnology developed hand in hand with it, and currently P. chrysogenum is a thoroughly studied model for secondary metabolite production and regulation. In addition to its role as penicillin producer, recent synthetic biology advances have put P. chrysogenum on the path to become a cell factory for the production of metabolites with biotechnological interest. In this review, we tell the history of P. chrysogenum, from the discovery of penicillin and the first isolation of strains with high production capacity to the most recent research advances with the fungus. We will describe how classical strain improvement programs achieved the goal of increasing production and how the development of different molecular tools allowed further improvements. The discovery of the penicillin gene cluster, the origin of the penicillin genes, the regulation of penicillin production, and a compilation of other P. chrysogenum secondary metabolites will also be covered and updated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fierro
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Nancy I. Castillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Ramón Ovidio García-Rico
- Grupo de Investigación GIMBIO, Departamento De Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona 543050, Colombia;
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile;
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Prajapati J, Goswami D, Rawal RM. Endophytic fungi: A treasure trove of novel anticancer compounds. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100050. [PMID: 34909676 PMCID: PMC8663939 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease with a convoluted genesis and progression. The emergence of multidrug resistance to presently be offered drug and relapse is by far, the most critical concern to tackle this deteriorating disease. Henceforth, there is undeniably an inflated necessity for safe, promising, and less harmful new anticancer drugs. Natural compounds from various sources like plants, animals, and microorganisms have occupied a center stage in drug discovery due to their tremendous chemical diversity and potential as therapeutic agents. Endophytic microbes are symbiotically associated with plants and have been proven to produce novel or analogues of host bioactive metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities including anticancer activity. This review emphasizes on structurally diverse unprecedented anticancer natural compounds that have been reported exclusively from endophytic fungi from 2016 to 2020. It covers chemical nature of metabolites, its fungal source associated with terrestrial, as well as marine plants and anticancer activity based on their cytotoxicity profile against various cancer cell lines. Many of these fungal metabolites with promising anticancer activity can be used as lead molecules for in silico experiments and deserve special attention from scientists for further in vitro and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M. Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
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Li XQ, Dong QJ, Xu K, Yuan XL, Liu XM, Zhang P. Cytotoxic xanthones from the plant endophytic fungus Paecilamyces sp. TE-540. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6134-6140. [PMID: 33016130 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1828410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One new xanthone, chryxanthone C (1), together with four known analogues (2-5), were isolated from the cultures of Paecilamyces sp. TE-540, an endophytic fungus obtained from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. The structure of 1 was elucidated by comprehensive spectral analysis including HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR, which were confirmed by Cu Kα X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 featured an unusual dihydropyran ring fused to an aromatic ring, rather than the commonly occurring prenyl moiety. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-5 were evaluated against five human tumour cell lines and 4 exhibited moderate to strong cytotoxicities with IC50 values ranging from 5.6 to 14.2 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qi Li
- Research Center for Plant Functional Components, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Jiang Dong
- Technical Centre, ETSONG (Qingdao) Industry Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Kuo Xu
- Research Center for Plant Functional Components, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Research Center for Plant Functional Components, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Research Center for Plant Functional Components, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Research Center for Plant Functional Components, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Ding Z, Zhou H, Wang X, Huang H, Wang H, Zhang R, Wang Z, Han J. Deletion of the Histone Deacetylase HdaA in Endophytic Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701 Induces the Complex Response of Multiple Bioactive Secondary Metabolite Production and Relevant Gene Cluster Expression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163657. [PMID: 32796640 PMCID: PMC7464707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in controlling fungal secondary metabolism. Here, we report the pleiotropic effects of the epigenetic regulator HdaA (histone deacetylase) on secondary metabolite production and the associated biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) expression in the plant endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701. Deletion of the hdaA gene in strain Fes1701 induced a significant change of the secondary metabolite profile with the emergence of the bioactive indole alkaloid meleagrin. Simultaneously, more meleagrin/roquefortine-related compounds and less chrysogine were synthesized in the ΔhdaA strain. Transcriptional analysis of relevant gene clusters in ΔhdaA and wild strains indicated that disruption of hdaA had different effects on the expression levels of two BGCs: the meleagrin/roquefortine BGC was upregulated, while the chrysogine BGC was downregulated. Interestingly, transcriptional analysis demonstrated that different functional genes in the same BGC had different responses to the disruption of hdaA. Thereinto, the roqO gene, which encodes a key catalyzing enzyme in meleagrin biosynthesis, showed the highest upregulation in the ΔhdaA strain (84.8-fold). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the upregulation of HdaA inactivation on meleagrin/roquefortine alkaloid production in the endophytic fungus P. chrysogenum. Our results suggest that genetic manipulation based on the epigenetic regulator HdaA is an important strategy for regulating the productions of secondary metabolites and expanding bioactive natural product resources in endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ding
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-635-8239136
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Haotian Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China;
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
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Yuan XL, Cao M, Shen GM, Zhang HB, Du YM, Zhang ZF, Li Q, Gao JM, Xue L, Wang ZP, Zhang P. Characterization of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Tobacco Endophytic Fungi Leptosphaerulina chartarum and Curvularia trifolii and Their Contributions to Phylogenetic Implications in the Pleosporales. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2461. [PMID: 32252284 PMCID: PMC7177214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiont endophytic fungi in tobacco are highly diverse and difficult to classify. Here, we sequenced the genomes of Curvularia trifolii and Leptosphaerulina chartarum isolated from tobacco plants. Finally, 41.68 Mb and 37.95 Mb nuclear genomes were sequenced for C. trifolii and L. chartarum with the scaffold N50, accounting for 638.94 Kb and 284.12 Kb, respectively. Meanwhile, we obtained 68,926 bp and 59,100 bp for their mitochondrial genomes. To more accurately classify C. trifolii and L. chartarum, we extracted seven nuclear genes and 12 mitochondrial genes from these two genomes and their closely related species. The genes were then used for calculation of evolutionary rates and for phylogenetic analysis. Results showed that it was difficult to achieve consistent results using a single gene due to their different evolutionary rates, while the phylogenetic trees obtained by combining datasets showed stable topologies. It is, therefore, more accurate to construct phylogenetic relationships for endophytic fungi based on multi-gene datasets. This study provides new insights into the distribution and characteristics of endophytic fungi in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huai-Bao Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yong-Mei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qian Li
- Nanyang Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Jia-Ming Gao
- Hubei Provincial Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Corporation, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lin Xue
- Wannan Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Xuancheng 242000, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China
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Endophytic Penicillium species and their agricultural, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical applications. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:107. [PMID: 32095421 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium genus constituted by over 200 species is one of the largest and fascinating groups of fungi, particularly well established as a source of antibiotics. Endophytic Penicillium has been reported to colonize their ecological niches and protect their host plant against multiples stresses by exhibiting diverse biological functions that can be exploited for countless applications including agricultural, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical. Over the past 2 decades, endophytic Penicillium species have been investigated beyond their antibiotic potential and numerous applications have been reported. We comprehensively summarized in this review available data (2000-2019) regarding bioactive compounds isolated from endophytic Penicillium species as well as the application of these fungi in multiple agricultural and biotechnological processes. This review has shown that a very large number (131) of endophytes from this genus have been investigated so far and more than 280 compounds exhibiting antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitics, immunosuppressants, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antifibrotic, neuroprotective effects, and insecticidal and biocontrol activities have been reported. Moreover, several endophytic Penicillium spp. have been characterized as biocatalysts, plant growth promoters, phytoremediators, and enzyme producers. We hope that this review summarizes the status of research on this genus and will stimulate further investigations.
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