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Okomo Aloo S, Park S, Martins Oyinloye T, Oh DH. Rheological properties, biochemical changes, and potential health benefits of dehulled and defatted industrial hempseeds after fermentation. Food Chem 2024; 439:138086. [PMID: 38043281 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Dehulled hempseed (DHS), fermented dehulled hempseed (FDHS), hempseed cake (HSC), and fermented HSC (FHSC) were examined for their phytochemical composition, health benefits, and rheological characteristics. At 500 µg/mL concentration, DHS, FDHS, HSC, and FHSC extracts exhibited the ability to inhibit DPPH radicals, with 32.46 %, 47.35 %, 33.85 %, and 47.41 %, respectively. Similarly, they demonstrated potential to scavenge ABTS radicals by 13.7 %, 27.87 %, 14.40 % and 25.70 %, respectively. For lipase inhibition activity, FDHS (72.92 %) and FDHS (85.89 %) outperformed DHS (52.94 %) and HSC (43.08 %). Furthermore, FHSC enhanced the survival and reduced fat accumulation in glucose-supplemented Caenorhabditis elegans. We used HPLC and UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS for metabolite analysis, quantifying eight polyphenols using HPLC and identifying thirty-four metabolites with UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Generally, metabolomics indicated an improved metabolite profile after fermentation. Fermentation also showed impact on rheological characteristics, modifying viscosity, loss modulus, and storage modulus. These findings collectively demonstrate the ability of fermentation in enhancing overall value of hempseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Okomo Aloo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Timilehin Martins Oyinloye
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Gina NNT, Kuo JL, Wu ML, Chuang SM. Sesamin and sesamolin potentially inhibit adipogenesis through downregulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ protein expression and activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res 2024; 123:4-17. [PMID: 38228077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Sesamin and sesamolin are major sesame lignans that have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties and potential benefits in the liver, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. However, despite previous research on their antiobesity effects and underlying mechanisms, a comprehensive investigation of these aspects is still lacking. In this study, we evaluated the regulatory effects of 20 to 80 µM sesamin and sesamolin on adipogenesis in vitro using 3T3-L1 cells as a model cell line. We hypothesized that the lignans would inhibit adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Our data indicate that sesamin and sesamolin inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by dose-dependently decreasing lipid accumulation and triglyceride formation. Sesamin and sesamolin reduced the mRNA and protein expression of the adipogenesis-related transcription factors, PPARγ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, leading to the dose-dependent downregulations of their downstream targets, fatty acid binding protein 4, hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and glucose transporter 4. In addition, glucose uptake was dose-dependently attenuated by sesamin and sesamolin in both differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and HepG2 cells. Interestingly, our results suggested that sesamin and sesamolin might directly bind to PPARγ to inhibit its transcriptional activity. Finally, sesamin and sesamolin decreased the phosphorylation of 3 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that sesamin and sesamolin may exhibit antiobesity effects by potentially downregulating PPARγ and its downstream genes through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, offering important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential antiobesity effects of sesamin and sesamolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelma Nyvonne Tiqu Gina
- Food Science Department, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91012, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Kuo
- Food Science Department, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91012, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Li Wu
- Food Science Department, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91012, Taiwan.
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Department of Law, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Högberg T, Receveur JM, Murray A, Linget JM, Nørregaard PK, Little PB, Cooper M. Optimizing and characterizing 4-methyl substituted pyrazol-3-carboxamides leading to the peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor inverse agonist TM38837. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 98:129572. [PMID: 38043690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Several series of diverse pyrazole-3-carboxamides functionalized with 4-methylamides, 4-methylcarboxylic acids and 4-methyltetrazoles were prepared from the corresponding 4-cyanomethylpyrazoles and investigated as Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists and inverse agonists with the aim of making compounds with less CNS (Central Nervous System) mediated side-effects compared to rimonabant. The compounds were evaluated and optimized with respect to lipophilicity, solubility, CB1 potency, metabolism, distribution to brain and liver, effect on weight loss in diet-induced mice models. A few carboxylic acids and tetrazoles were selected as especially promising with the tetrazole TM38837 subsequently demonstrating impressive efficacy in various animal models of obesity, producing considerable weight loss and improvements on plasma markers of inflammation and glucose homeostasis, at doses apparently producing negligible brain exposure. TM38837 became the first peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist or inverse agonist to enter clinical trials supporting its lack of CNS effects and it is now believed that the non-CNS mediated efficacy is linked to high liver exposure. This opens opportunities to be explored in other indications such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH). Note that this is a first-time disclosure of the structure of TM38837 and other structures appearing in literature are not connected with this program.
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Akheratdoost V, Panahi N, Safi S, Mojab F, Akbari G. Protective effects of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in the diet-induced hyperlipidemia rat model. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2024; 27:725-732. [PMID: 38645495 PMCID: PMC11024415 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.74490.16179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Obesity is a metabolic syndrome that leads to many chronic diseases worldwide. In this study, we investigate the antihyperlipidemic activities of chitosan nanoparticles (CH NPs) on silymarin (SIL) as a carrier in the drug delivery system that can improve some biochemical parameters and hormones in the model of hyperlipidemic rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). Materials and Methods Physicochemical characterization of silymarin-loaded chitosannanoparticles (CH-SIL NPs) was done by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and drug loading efficiency (LE). Diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats were treated with SIL (15 mg/kg/day) and CH-SIL NPs(15 mg/kg/day) for twelve weeks orally daily. The body weight loss (BW), food consumption, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in serum, serum insulin, cortisol, testosterone, and brain neuropeptide Y (NPY), Y1 and Y5 receptor mRNA expression were analyzed. Results A significant reduction in BW and food consumption from 417 ± 16 g and 33 ± 1.03 in group HFD to 338 ± 10 g and 17.33 ± 1.02 in group CHS+HFD was observed, respectively. This data revealed that CH-SIL NPs improved hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia, reduced serum cortisol, and down-regulated NPY and Y1R with a significant increase in HDL and testosterone hormones compared to the control group. Conclusion The developed Sil-loaded CH NPs were good agents for improving efficacy. It is the first report of the proposed weight loss mechanism of SIL CH NPs, thereby providing information about the anti-hyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic effects of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, a natural food with proper effects against metabolic disorders in case of hyperlipidemia that may lead to obesity and up-regulation of brain NPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Akheratdoost
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Panahi
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Safi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraz Mojab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Akbari
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ni J, Shangguan Y, Jiang L, He C, Ma Y, Xiong H. Pomelo peel dietary fiber ameliorates alterations in obesity-related features and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed on a high-fat diet. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100993. [PMID: 38144811 PMCID: PMC10740135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomelo peel has abundance of dietary fiber and various biological activities but is often discarded as waste. This study evaluated the biological activities of pomelo peel dietary fiber (PPDF) in preventing obesity and regulating intestinal microbiota in obese mouse model induced using a high-fat diet (HFD). As for the composition, the prepared PPDF contained 89.64% of total dietary fiber, 53.27% of insoluble dietary fiber, and 36.37% of soluble dietary fiber. PPDF treatment significantly reduced weight gain and fat accumulation in the liver and epididymal tissues of obese mice; significantly alleviated HFD-induced dyslipidemia; and restored the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein--cholesterol to control levels, and the PPDF 5% dose restored total cholesterol to the control level. Furthermore, PPDF ameliorated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing intestinal microbial diversity, decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increasing beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Lactobacillus), and decreasing harmful bacteria (Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium_1). This study provided a new idea to use PPDF as functional food to prevent obesity, alleviate dyslipidemia, or a potential probiotic to ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuchen Shangguan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Jiangle County Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection Station, Sanming 353300, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Xiamen Municipal Southern Ocean Testing Co., L, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chuanbo He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hejian Xiong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Chen YT, Huang YW, Shen TY, Wu CC, Wang JJ, Hsieh SL. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-obesity potential of Sargassum extracts. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:1723-1730. [PMID: 37187983 PMCID: PMC10170008 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Sargassum are brown algae belonging to the class Phaeophyceae. Brown algae are rich in nutrients and widely used in food. Most previous experiments have focused on the functional evaluation of organic solvent extracts of Sargassum. Considering food safety, this study investigated the antioxidant and antiobesity activities of Sargassum hemiphyllum water extract (SE). The antioxidant activity of SE (500-4000 mg/mL) was determined in vitro. The results indicated that SE has good DPPH radical scavenging activity (14-74%), reducing power (20-78%), ABTS+ radical scavenging activity (8-91%), and Fe2+ chelating ability (5-25%). Furthermore, the antiobesity activity of SE (50-300 mg/mL) was analysed in a 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. SE effectively inhibited lipid accumulation (determined by methods including measuring the absorbance of Oil red O after staining and the triglyceride content, which were decreased by 10% and 20%, respectively) by reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This study suggested that SE has good antioxidant and antiobesity properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05707-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ying Shen
- Division of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, 43301 Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Jye Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, 83102 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
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Bati B, Celik I, Turan A, Eray N, Alkan EE, Zirek AK. Effect of isgin ( Rheum ribes L.) on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity and DNA damage in rats with obesity induced with high-calorie diet. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:298-306. [PMID: 32924615 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1819338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Rheum ribes L. plant root extracts on DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameters in rats with experimental obesity induced with a high-calorie diet. The study groups were divided as "normal control(NC)", "obese control(OC)", "obese + Rheum ribes(OR1)(200 mg/kg)" and "obese + Rheum ribes (OR2)(400 mg/kg)". At the end of the application, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. According to the results obtained, the marker of DNA damage in tissues of 8-OHdG was determined to be significantly reduced in brain tissue of the OR1 and OR2 groups compared to the NC group. However, fluctuations were identified in the MDA activity, antioxidant defense system elements and serum biomarkers in tissues. In conclusion, Rheum ribes plant root extract ensured improvements in DNA damage in brain tissues and MDA levels and showed positive effects on antioxidant parameter activities in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedia Bati
- Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Turan
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Nese Eray
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Elif Ebru Alkan
- Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Zirek
- Institute of Sciences, Medical Services and Techniques, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey
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Jin P, Chen L, Zhong J, Yuan T, Gan L, Huang J, Wang L, Fan H, Lin C. Screening and identification of lipase inhibitors extracted from Dioscorea nipponica Makino by UV-vis and HPLC coupled to UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123427. [PMID: 36706882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dioscoreae nipponica Makino (D. nipponica) as the rhizome of dioscoreaceae rich in steroidal saponins, has been reported to have the hypolipidemic effects etc. However, it is still unclear which exact active components are primary responsible for the beneficial effects. This study was conducted to fish out the lipase inhibitors from D. nipponica, and evaluate the inhibitory activity on porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) through in vitro kinetic assay using p-nitrophenyl palmitate as substrate. Accordingly, the ethanolic extract was subjected to D101 macroporous resin purification for spectrophotometric screening, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and structural characterization by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Through orlistat validation, the PPL inhibitory activity and IC50 value of the extract were respectively 68.34 ± 1.47 % and 107.05 μg/mL under the optimized inhibition conditions. From 6 steroidal saponins identified, the inhibitory components named the protodioscin, protogracillin, dioscin and gracillin were fished out by grouping separation and HPLC analysis. Furthermore, dioscin and gracillin with the parent structure of diogenin were confirmed as the major inhibitors by virtue of stability tests based on transformation of protodioscin and protogracillin. Finally, the inhibitory mechanism of the major inhibitors toward PPL was further clarified by kinetic analysis and molecular docking analysis. The proposed method not only revealed the PPL inhibitory components in D. nipponica, but also provided an effective approach to hierarchical screening of PPL inhibitors from natural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shanwei 516600, China
| | - Linzhou Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinjian Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiefeng Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jilong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Science (China national Analytical Center), Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Huajun Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Science (China national Analytical Center), Guangzhou 510070, China
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Floresta G, Patamia V, Zagni C, Rescifina A. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors. An update from 2017 to early 2022. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114604. [PMID: 35849941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a protein predominantly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue, where it regulates fatty acids storage and lipolysis and is an essential mediator of inflammation. Small molecule inhibitors of FABP4 have attracted interest following the recent publications of beneficial pharmacological effects of these compounds for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and, more recently, for other pathologies. Since the synthesis of the BMS309403, one of the first selective and effective FABP4 inhibitors, hundreds of other inhibitors have been synthesized (i.e., derivatives of niacin, quinoxaline, aryl-quinoline, bicyclic pyridine, urea, aromatic compounds and other novel heterocyclic compounds). This review updates the recently reported (2017 to early 2022) molecules as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Lee HG, Jayawardena TU, Song KM, Choi YS, Jeon YJ, Kang MC. Dietary fucoidan from a brown marine algae (Ecklonia cava) attenuates lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112862. [PMID: 35157925 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan from marine algae is used as a functional ingredient in the food. Here, we purified fucoidan fractions from a crude polysaccharide obtained after the crude polysaccharide of celluclast-assisted hydrolysate from Ecklonia cava (ECC). We evaluated the effect of ECC on lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and investigated its anti-obesity effects in vivo in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vitro Oil Red O staining revealed that treatment with ECC and its purified fucoidan fractions of celluclast assisted hydrolysate from Ecklonia cava (ECFs) remarkably reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. ECF3 contained the highest contents of polysaccharides and sulfate compared with other fucoidan fractions. ECF3 treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Oral administration of ECC significantly reduced body weight, body weight gain, serum lipid content, and total white adipose tissue mass. Histological analysis revealed that ECC reduced lipid accumulation in EAT and liver tissues. Our findings suggest that the anti-obesity effects of ECC are associated with suppressing lipid accumulation in white adipose tissues and increased energy expenditure by upregulating the expression of thermogenic UCP1 and UCP3 in BAT. These results indicate that ECC and its ECFs possess anti-obesity properties and can be used in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Park HJ, Rhie SJ, Shim I. Neuronal mechanisms of ginseng on antiobesity effects: implication of its synergistic benefits with physical exercise. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 17:388-394. [PMID: 35036387 PMCID: PMC8743603 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142668.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease of increasing prevalence in most countries, which leads to substantial increase in morbidity, and mortality in association with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Many factors have been attributed to an epidemic of obesity including sedentary lifestyle, high-fat diets (HFD), and consumption of large amount of modern fast foods. Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (PG) has several pharmacological and physiological effects. In particular, PG and saponin fractions from PG show a variety of efficacies such as antifatigue, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity. We have revealed that ginseng and ginsenosides can decrease food intake energy expenditure by stimulating appetite regulatory hormones and can reduce energy intake. Exercise/ physical activity is well known as modality for treating the disease of overweight and obesity. It is suggested that natural products and their combinations with exercise may produce a synergistic activity that increases their bioavailability and action on multiple molecular targets, offering advantages over chemical treatments. This review is aimed at evaluating the antiobesity efficacy of ginseng and ginsenosides and delineating the mechanisms by which they function. Finally, we review information regarding interactions between ginseng and physical exercise in protecting against weight gain and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Ja Rhie
- Department of Beauty Design, Halla University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul Korea
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Alshagga MA, Mohamed Z, Seyedan A, Ebling FJP, Alshawsh MA. Khat (Catha edulis) upregulates lipolytic genes in white adipose tissue of male obese mice (C57BL/6J). J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 262:113187. [PMID: 32730892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Khat (Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk.) is a herb from the Celastraceae family (also known as qat, gaad, or mirra) that is widely-consumed in East Africa and in the Arabian peninsula. The green leaves and small stems are consumed primarily at recreational and social gatherings, and medicinally for their antidiabetic and appetite-suppression effects. AIMS The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of khat and its active alkaloid, cathinone, on food intake and body weight in mice maintained on a high-fat diet, and to investigate its mechanism of action in white adipose tissue and in the hypothalamus. MATERIALS & METHOD Adult male mice (C57BL/6J) were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks (n = 30), then divided into 5 groups and treated daily for a further 8 weeks with HFD + vehicle [control (HFD)], HFD + 15 mg/kg orlistat (HFDO), HFD + 200 mg/kg khat extract (HFDK200), HFD + 400 mg/kg khat extract (HFDK400) and HFD + 3.2 mg/kg cathinone (HFDCAT). Treatments were carried out once daily by gastric gavage. Blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, hormonal and gene expression analyses. RESULTS Khat extracts and orlistat treatment significantly reduced weight gain as compared to control mice on HFD, and cathinone administration completely prevented weight gain in mice fed on HFD. Khat treatment caused a marked reduction in body fat and in serum triglycerides. A dose-dependent effect of khat was observed in reducing serum leptin concentrations. Analysis of gene expression in adipose tissue revealed a significant upregulation of two lipolysis pathway genes:(adipose triglyceride lipase (PNPLA-2) and hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE). In the hypothalamic there was a significant (P < 0.05) upregulation of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) genes in the HFDK400 and HFDCAT groups. CONCLUSION Cathinone treatment blocked body weight gain, while high dose khat extract significantly reduced the weight gain of mice on an obesogenic diet through stimulation of lipolysis in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmed Alshagga
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Atefehalsadat Seyedan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Francis J P Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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Park YH, An M, Kim JK, Lim YH. Antiobesity effect of ethanolic extract of Ramulus mori in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 251:112542. [PMID: 31904494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a plant that mainly grows in East Asian countries such as Korea and China and has been used as a folk remedy for improving inflammation, cancer, and diabetes. Ramulus mori, the twig of Morus alba L., is known as "sangzhi" or "ppongnamugazhi" in Korea and used as a traditional medicine. Moreover, its effective compounds show some health benefits such as cholesterol reduction and attenuation of acute colitis. AIM OF THE STUDY As the number of obese people is increasing worldwide, the demand for diet drugs or products to treat obesity is also increasing. In this study, we investigated the antiobesity effect of the ethanolic extract of Ramulus mori (ERM) using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. METHODS The expression levels of genes and proteins related to adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Oil red O staining was carried out to determine the amount of neutral lipids deposited in the liver. RESULTS Compared with the ERM-untreated group, the ERM-treated groups exhibited reduced expression levels of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in differentiated adipocytes and in HFD-induced obese mice, while the expression levels of genes involved in lipolysis increased. The administration of ERM to HFD-induced obese mice reduced the body weight, liver weight, and epididymal adipose tissue weight. Compared with the untreated HFD-induced obese mice, the ERM-treated mice exhibited decreased serum lipid levels. ERM treatment also reduced lipid accumulation in the liver, which was confirmed by oil red O staining. CONCLUSION ERM has the potential to be an effective natural material for reducing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hee Park
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae An
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon-Keun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Shihung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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Akter J, Islam Z, Hossain A, Takara K. Pharmacological activities of 4-methylene-8-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one, a new compound isolated from Ryudai gold (Curcuma longa). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:191-201. [PMID: 31485693 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the antifungal, antioxidant, and vasodilator effects of Ryudai gold (RD) and isolated some potentially active compounds. Here, we aimed to identify other active compounds present in RD and investigate their pharmacological effects, in terms of antioxidant, and inhibitory activities against skin disease-related enzymes, pancreatic α-amylase, and lipase enzymes. The methanol extract of RD rhizomes was subjected to repeated fractionation by silica gel column, Toyopearl HW-40F column, and high-performance liquid chromatography to obtain a pure compound. The isolated compound was characterized by analyzing its spectroscopic data, particularly nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Inhibitory activities against α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, elastase, collagenase, xanthine oxidase, and tyrosinase were evaluated to investigate its potential antidiabetic, antiobesity, and enzyme inhibitory effects. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging, reducing power, and 2-deoxyribose degradation assays. The purified compound was recognized as 4-methylene-8-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one, a new compound. The content of this compound was 0.068 μmol/g or 0.016 mg/g of dry RG powder. Our results suggested that 4-methylene-8-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one exhibited antidiabetic, antiobesity, enzyme inhibitory, and antioxidant activities by inhibiting their respective enzymes activity. 4-methylene-8-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one could be a promising candidate therapeutic agent or a lead compound for the development of new synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Akter
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Zahorul Islam
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Amzad Hossain
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan. .,Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Kensaku Takara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Ranilla LG, Huamán-Alvino C, Flores-Báez O, Aquino-Méndez EM, Chirinos R, Campos D, Sevilla R, Fuentealba C, Pedreschi R, Sarkar D, Shetty K. Evaluation of phenolic antioxidant-linked in vitro bioactivity of Peruvian corn ( Zea mays L.) diversity targeting for potential management of hyperglycemia and obesity. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:2909-2924. [PMID: 31205346 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peruvian corn biodiversity is one of the highest in the world and may represent an important natural source of health relevant phenolic bioactive compounds whose potential needs to be investigated. This study investigated twenty-two Peruvian corn samples corresponding to five corn races (Arequipeño, Cabanita, Kculli, Granada and Coruca) in relation to their total phenolic contents (TPC), anthocyanin contents, Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and ORAC methods). Subsequently using both free and cell-wall bound phenolic fractions their health relevance targeting hyperglycemia (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition) and obesity (lipase inhibition) potentials was evaluated using in vitro assay models. Antioxidant capacity and TPC were high in bound fractions from yellow-colored races in contrast to the purple-colored race (Kculli) which had high TPC (mainly anthocyanins) and antioxidant capacity in the free form. The major phenolic acids detected by UPLC were ferulic and p-coumaric acids. High α-glucosidase (32.5-76.1%, 25 mg sample dose) and moderate α-amylase inhibitory activities (13.6-29.0%, 250 mg sample dose) were found in all free fractions, but only samples from the Kculli race had lipase inhibitory activity (58.45-92.16%, 12.5 mg sample dose). Principal component analysis revealed that the variability of data was affected by the race and the α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activities positively correlated with anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity. Some accessions of Kculli, Granada and Cabanita races are promising for future breeding strategies focused on the development of improved corn varieties targeted for the design of functional foods relevant for hyperglycemia and obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gálvez Ranilla
- 1Laboratory of Research in Food Science, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria, Urb. San José s/n Umacollo, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Cinthya Huamán-Alvino
- 2Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru
| | - Orlando Flores-Báez
- 2Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Rosana Chirinos
- 2Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru
| | - David Campos
- 2Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Sevilla
- 3Maize Research Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudia Fuentealba
- 4School of Agronomy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota, Chile
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- 4School of Agronomy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota, Chile
| | - Dipayan Sarkar
- 5Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- 5Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
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Parray HA, Lone J, Park JP, Choi JW, Yun JW. Magnolol promotes thermogenesis and attenuates oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutrition 2018; 50:82-90. [PMID: 29547798 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the browning and antioxidative effects of magnolol in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as recruitment of beige-like adipocytes (browning) by natural compounds is being considered as a promising strategy to fight against obesity. METHODS Magnolol-induced browning effect was evaluated by determining the expression levels of specific marker genes and proteins using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Induction of thermogenesis and suppression of oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were further validated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Magnolol significantly enhanced expression of a core set of brown fat-specific marker genes (Ucp1, Cd137, Prdm16, Cidea, and Tbx1) and proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α). Increased expression of UCP1 and other brown fat-specific markers contributed to the browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes possibly via activation of the AMPK, PPARγ, and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways. In addition, magnolol up-regulated key fatty acid oxidation and lipolytic markers (CPT1, ACSL1, SIRT1, and PLIN) and down-regulated lipogenic markers (FAS and SREBP1). Magnolol also reduced the production and release of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The current data suggest possible roles for magnolol in browning of white adipocytes, augmentation of lipolysis, and thermogenesis, as well as repression of oxidative stress and lipogenesis. Thus, magnolol may be explored as a potentially promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jameel Lone
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Won Choi
- Department of Bioindustry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Niida A, Kanematsu-Yamaki Y, Asakawa T, Ishimura Y, Fujita H, Matsumiya K, Nishizawa N, Adachi Y, Mochida T, Tsuchimori K, Yoneyama-Hirozane M, Sakamoto J, Hirabayashi H, Fukui H, Takekawa S, Asami T. Antiobesity and emetic effects of a short-length peptide YY analog and its PEGylated and alkylated derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:566-572. [PMID: 29279243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y2 receptor (Y2R) agonism is an important anorectic signal and a target of antiobesity drug discovery. Recently, we synthesized a short-length Y2R agonist, PYY-1119 (4-imidazolecarbonyl-[d-Hyp24,Iva25,Pya(4)26,Cha27,36,γMeLeu28,Lys30,Aib31]PYY(23-36), 1) as an antiobesity drug candidate. Compound 1 induced marked body weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice; however, 1 also induced severe vomiting in dogs at a lower dose than the minimum effective dose administered to DIO mice. The rapid absorption of 1 after subcutaneous administration caused the severe vomiting. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)- and alkyl-modified derivatives of 1 were synthesized to develop Y2R agonists with improved pharmacokinetic profiles, i.e., lower maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and longer time at maximum concentration (Tmax). Compounds 5 and 10, modified with 20 kDa PEG at the N-terminus and eicosanedioic acid at the Lys30 side chain of 1, respectively, showed high Y2R binding affinity and induced significant body weight reduction upon once-daily administration to DIO mice. Compounds 5 and 10, with their relatively low Cmax and long Tmax, partially attenuated emesis in dogs compared with 1. These results indicate that optimization of pharmacokinetic properties of Y2R agonists is an effective strategy to alleviate emesis induced by Y2R agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Niida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoko Kanematsu-Yamaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Asakawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ishimura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hisashi Fujita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kouta Matsumiya
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishizawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mochida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazue Tsuchimori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mariko Yoneyama-Hirozane
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukui
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shiro Takekawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Taiji Asami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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18
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Chen LH, Chen YH, Cheng KC, Chien TY, Chan CH, Tsao SP, Huang HY. Antiobesity effect of Lactobacillus reuteri 263 associated with energy metabolism remodeling of white adipose tissue in high-energy-diet-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 54:87-94. [PMID: 29329013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious and costly issue to the medical welfare worldwide. Probiotics have been suggested as one of the candidates to resolve the obesity-associated problems, but how they combat obesity is not fully understood. Herein, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri 263 (L. reuteri 263) on antiobesity using four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10/group), namely, C (normal diet with vehicle treatment), HE [high-energy diet (HED) with vehicle treatment], 1X (HED with 2.1×109 CFU/kg/day of L. reuteri 263) and 5X (HED with 1.05×1010 CFU/kg/day of L. reuteri 263), for 8 weeks. L. reuteri 263 improved the phenomenon of obesity, serum levels of proinflammatory factors and antioxidant enzymes. More importantly, L. reuteri 263 increased oxygen consumption in white adipose tissue (WAT). The mRNA expressions of thermogenesis genes uncoupling protein-1, uncoupling protein-3, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector-a were up-regulated in WAT of the 5X group. Moreover, L. reuteri 263 might induce browning of WAT due to the higher mRNA levels of browning-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, PR domain containing-16, Pparγ coactivator-1α, bone morphogenetic protein-7 and fibroblast growth factor-21 in the 1X and 5X groups compared to the HE group. Finally, L. reuteri 263 altered the expressions of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in WAT, including increasing the levels of glucose transporter type 4 and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein and decreasing the expression of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1. The results suggest that L. reuteri 263 may treat obesity through energy metabolism remodeling of WAT in the high-energy-diet-induced obese rats.
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Floresta G, Pistarà V, Amata E, Dichiara M, Marrazzo A, Prezzavento O, Rescifina A. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors. A comprehensive systematic review. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:854-873. [PMID: 28738306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) have attracted interest following the recent publications of beneficial pharmacological effects of these compounds. FABP4 is predominantly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue where it regulates fatty acids (FAs) storage and lipolysis and is an important mediator of inflammation. In the past years, hundreds FABP4 inhibitors have been synthesized for effective atherosclerosis and diabetes treatments, including derivatives of niacin, quinoxaline, aryl-quinoline, bicyclic pyridine, urea, aromatic compounds and other novel heterocyclic compounds. This review provides an overview of the synthesized and discovered molecules as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors (FABP4is) since the synthesis of the putative FABP4i, BMS309403, highlighting the interactions of the different classes of inhibitors with the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Venerando Pistarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Nishizawa N, Niida A, Adachi Y, Masuda Y, Kumano S, Yokoyama K, Asakawa T, Hirabayashi H, Amano N, Takekawa S, Ohtaki T, Asami T. Potent antiobesity effect of a short-length peptide YY-analogue continuously administered in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3829-3832. [PMID: 28684122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal peptide, peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) and its shorter peptide analogues have been reported to reduce appetite by activating the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (Y2R), which is associated with obesity and other metabolic diseases. A 14-amino acid PYY analogue, Ac-[d-Pro24,Cha27,28,36,Aib31]PYY(23-36) (3), showed high binding affinity and agonist activity for the Y2R, similar to that of PYY3-36, but had weak anorectic activity upon continuous administration in lean mice. Three amino acid substitutions [Pya(4)26, Aib28, Lys30], which contributed to the decreased hydrophobicity of 3, efficiently increased its anorectic activity. The compound containing these three amino acids, Ac-[d-Pro24,Pya(4)26,Cha27,36,Aib28,31,Lys30]PYY(23-36) (22), exerted more potent and durable food intake suppression than that by PYY3-36 in lean mice, as well as excellent Y2R agonist activity (EC50: 0.20nM) and good subcutaneous bioavailability (66.6%). The 11-day continuous administration of 22 at 1mg/kg/day successfully produced antiobese and antidiabetic effects, with more than 20% body weight loss in obese and Type 2 diabetes ob/ob model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nishizawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumu Niida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Masuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kumano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yokoyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Asakawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Amano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shiro Takekawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohtaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Taiji Asami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan.
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Nishizawa N, Niida A, Masuda Y, Kumano S, Yokoyama K, Hirabayashi H, Amano N, Ohtaki T, Asami T. Antiobesity Effect of a Short-Length Peptide YY Analogue after Continuous Administration in Mice. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:628-631. [PMID: 28626523 PMCID: PMC5467190 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal peptides such as peptide YY (PYY) can regulate appetite, which is relevant to the study of obesity. The intraperitoneal bolus administration of PYY3-36 and a 12-amino acid PYY analogue, benzoyl-[Cha27,28,36,Aib31]PYY25-36 (1), showed similar anorectic activity by activating the Y2 receptor (Y2R). However, food intake inhibition and body weight loss were not observed upon continuous subcutaneous administration of 1 with osmotic pumps in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. N-Terminal elongation of 1, together with amino acid substitution at position 24, led to a hydrophilic 14-amino acid peptide, Ac-[d-Hyp24,Cha27,28,36,Aib31]PYY23-36 (18), that showed higher affinity and more potent agonist activity for Y2R and a robust anorectic activity with potency similar to that of PYY3-36. In addition, the continuous subcutaneous administration of 18 at 0.3 mg/(kg·day) induced significant body weight loss in DIO mice. These results suggest that a short-length PYY analogue can be a lead compound for antiobesity therapy in a sustained-release formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nishizawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumu Niida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Masuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kumano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yokoyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Amano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohtaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Taiji Asami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
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Jemil I, Abdelhedi O, Nasri R, Mora L, Marrekchi R, Jamoussi K, ElFeki A, Hajji M, Toldrá F, Nasri M. Hypolipidemic, antiobesity and cardioprotective effects of sardinelle meat flour and its hydrolysates in high-fat and fructose diet fed Wistar rats. Life Sci 2016; 176:54-66. [PMID: 27460865 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aims to evaluate the antiobesity, hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of fermented sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) protein hydrolysates (FSPHs) produced with two proteolytic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis A26 (FSPH-A26) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens An6 (FSPH-An6). MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were fed during 10weeks a standard laboratory diet, a high caloric diet (HCD) and a HCD coupled with the oral administration of sardinelle meat flour (SMF) or FSPHs. KEY FINDINGS HCD caused hyperlipidemia and increased body weight (BW). The daily oral administration of FSPHs or SMF reduced the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) serum levels, and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Nevertheless, FSPHs were found to be more efficient than SMF. FSPHs also lowered hepatic TC and TG content and decreased the pancreatic lipase activity. Further, the administration of FSPHs or SMF decreased the BW gain, the food intake and the relative epididymal adipose tissue weight. FSPHs exhibited a potent cardioprotective effect against heart attack, which was demonstrated by returning atherogenic indexes to their normal levels and the conservation of standard histological structure of the heart and aorta. SIGNIFICANCE The overall results indicate that FSPHs contained bioactive peptides which significantly attenuated hyperlipidemia, and might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rats fed HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Jemil
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
| | - Ola Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Rim Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Leticia Mora
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenue Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rim Marrekchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah ElFeki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax (FSS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, Sfax 3052, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hajji
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Fidel Toldrá
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenue Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
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Park BG, Park YS, Park JW, Shin E, Shin WS. Anti-obesity potential of enzymatic fragments of hyaluronan on high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:290-5. [PMID: 27012203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan has diverse biological activities depending on its molecular size. The hyaluronan fragments (50 kDa) can decrease adipogenic differentiation in vitro. However, in vivo anti-obesitic effects of hyaluronan fragments have not been elucidated. Therefore, we examined the anti-obesity effects of hyaluronan fragments on high-fat diet induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of hyaluronan fragments (200 mg/kg for 8 weeks) decreased body weight, adipose tissues, serum lipid (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride), and leptin level. Hyaluronan fragments decreased the hypertrophy of adipose tissue and ameliorated liver steatosis. The mRNA expression of leptin was reduced in adipocyte by treatment with hyaluronan fragments. Additionally, hyaluronan fragments enhanced the mRNA expression of PPAR-α and its target genes UCP-2 and decreased mRNA expression of PPAR- γ and fatty acid synthase in liver. In conclusions, hyaluronan fragments had marked effects on inhibiting the development of obesity in obese mice fed the high-fat diet. It suggested that enhancing PPAR-α and suppressing PPAR-γ expression are two possible mechanisms for the anti-obesitic effect of hyaluronan fragments.
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Choi JH, Yun JW. Chrysin induces brown fat-like phenotype and enhances lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutrition 2016; 32:1002-10. [PMID: 27133810 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies have to do with promising therapeutic phytochemicals such as flavonoids to treat obesity and related complications, and a number of dietary compounds have been proposed as tools for increasing energy expenditure and decreasing fat accumulation in mammals. Here, we show that the flavonoid chrysin induces browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes via enhanced expression of brown fat-specific genes and proteins as well as enhances lipid metabolism. METHODS Chrysin-induced fat browning was investigated by determining expression levels of brown fat-specific genes and proteins by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis, respectively. RESULTS Chrysin enhanced expression of brown fat-specific markers and increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARγ, PPARδ, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hormone sensitive lipase, perilipin, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), suggesting its possible role in augmentation of lipolysis, fat oxidation, and thermogenesis as well as reduction of lipogenesis. Increased expression of UCP-1 and other brown fat-specific markers was possibly mediated by chrysin-induced activation of AMPK based on the fact that inhibition of AMPK by dorsomorphin abolished expression of PR domain-containing 16, UCP-1, and PGC-1α while the activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide elevated expression of these brown marker proteins. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that chrysin plays a dual modulatory role in the form of inducing the brown-like phenotype as well as enhancing lipid metabolism and thus may be explored as a potentially promising food additive for prevention of obesity.
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Alonso-Castro AJ, Domínguez F, Zapata-Morales JR, Carranza-Álvarez C. Plants used in the traditional medicine of Mesoamerica (Mexico and Central America) and the Caribbean for the treatment of obesity. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175:335-345. [PMID: 26410815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is a worldwide medical concern. New ethnobotanical information regarding the antiobesity effect of medicinal plants has been obtained in the last 30 years in response to socio-demographic changes and high-fat diets became common. AIM OF THE STUDY This review provides a summary of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean for the empirical treatment of obesity in terms of ethnobotany, toxicity, pharmacology, conservation status, trade and chemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bibliographic investigation was performed by analyzing recognized books, undergraduate and postgraduate theses and peer-reviewed scientific articles, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last four decades. Medicinal plants used for the treatment of obesity were classified in two categories: (1) plants with pharmacological evidence and (2) plants without pharmacological evidence. RESULTS A total of 139 plant species, belonging to 61 families, native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean that are used for the empirical treatment of obesity were recorded. From these plants, 33 were investigated in scientific studies, and 106 plants lacked scientific investigation. Medicinal plants were experimentally studied in vitro (21 plants) and in vivo (16 plants). A total of 4 compounds isolated from medicinal plants used for the empirical treatment of obesity have been tested in vitro (2 compounds) and in vivo (4 compounds) studies. No clinical trials on obese subjects (BMI>30 kg/m(2)) have been performed using the medicinal plants cited in this review. There are no herbal-based products approved in Mexico for the treatment of obesity. CONCLUSIONS There are a limited number of scientific studies published on medicinal plants from Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean used for the treatment of obesity. This review highlights the need to perform pharmacological, phytochemical, toxicological and ethnobotanical studies with medicinal flora to obtain new antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Col. Pueblito de Rocha, C.P. 36040 Guanajuato, México.
| | - Fabiola Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, México
| | - Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Col. Pueblito de Rocha, C.P. 36040 Guanajuato, México
| | - Candy Carranza-Álvarez
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México
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Anyanwu GO, Onyeneke CE, Rauf K. Medicinal plants of the genus Anthocleista--A review of their ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175:648-667. [PMID: 26432351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Anthocleista of the Gentianaceae family contains 14 species of trees and shrub-like plants distributed in tropical Africa, in Madagascar and on the Comoros. Traditionally, they are commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, malaria, typhoid fever, obesity, diarrhea, dysentery, hyperprolactinemia, abdominal pain, ulcer, jaundice, asthma, hemorrhoids, hernia, cancer, wounds, chest pains, inflammations, rheumatism, STDs, infertility and skin diseases. They serve as an anthelmintic, laxative, diuretic and contraceptive. This review aims to provide for the first time a repository of ethnopharmacological information while critically evaluating the relation between the traditional medicinal uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the Anthocleista species so as to unveil opportunities for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search for relevant information on Anthocleista species was performed on scientific databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, PubChem and other web sources such as The Plant List, Kew Botanical Garden and PROTA) and books, PhD and MSc dissertations for un-published resources. RESULTS Out of the 14 species of Anthocleista, 6 have been reported in literature to be widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The six species include: A. djalonensis, A. vogelii, A. nobilis, A. grandiflora, A. schweinfurthii, and A. liebrechtsiana. The chemical compounds isolated from Anthocleista species fall into the class of phytochemicals such as secoiridoids, nor-secoiridoids, xanthones, phytosterols, triterpenes, alkaloids, and others of which majority of the compounds were isolated from A. djalonensis and A. vogelii. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions and few isolated compounds of Anthocleista species showed antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, hypotensive, spasmogenic, anti-obesity, antiulcerogenic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitrypanosomal, anthelmintic, fertility, diuretic and laxative activities which supports most of their uses in traditional medicine. However, the bulk of the studies where centered on the antidiabetic, antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities of Anthocleista species, although the evidence of its antiplasmodial effect was not convincing enough due to the discrepancies between the in vitro and in vivo results. CONCLUSION A. djalonensis and A. vogelii are potential antidiabetic and antibacterial agents. The antibacterial potency relates to infections or diseases caused by E. coli, S. typhi and S. aureus such as urinary tract infections, typhoid, diarrhea, skin diseases, and food poisoning. Pharmacological research on this genus is quite elementary and limited, thus, more advanced research is necessary to isolate and determine the activities of bioactive compounds in vitro and in vivo, establish their mechanisms of action and commence the process of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O Anyanwu
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, K.P.K., Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
| | - Chukwu E Onyeneke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, K.P.K., Pakistan.
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Guo X, Liu J, Cai S, Wang O, Ji B. Synergistic interactions of apigenin, naringin, quercetin and emodin on inhibition of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and pancreas lipase activity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:327-39. [PMID: 26314502 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of four natural compounds including apigenin, naringin, emodin and quercetin were investigated on inhibiting 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and pancreas lipase activity. Oil Red O staining was conducted to visualise and quantify lipid accumulation. The difference between experimental and calculated results was utilised for determining the interaction types. Interestingly, emodin synergistically interacted with the other three compounds, and the combination of emodin and apigenin exhibited the strongest synergistic effect in both differentiation and pancreas lipase assays. Results implied that the combination of apigenin and emodin may be regarded as a promising complementary therapy for management of overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoXuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100027, People's Republic of China
| | - ShengBao Cai
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - BaoPing Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Roh JS, Lee H, Woo S, Yoon M, Kim J, Park SD, Shin SS, Yoon M. Herbal composition Gambigyeongsinhwan (4) from Curcuma longa, Alnus japonica, and Massa Medicata Fermentata inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and regulates obesity in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 171:287-294. [PMID: 26068433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Adipocyte lipid accumulation due to impaired fatty acid oxidation causes adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue increment, leading to obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the antiobesity effects of the herbal composition Gambigyeongsinhwan (4) (GGH(4)) composed of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. (Betulaceae), and the fermented traditional Korean medicine Massa Medicata Fermentata. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of GGH(4) and the individual components on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and body weight gain in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were examined using Oil red O staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative real-time PCR, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) transactivation assay. RESULTS GGH(4), individual components, and an active principle of Curcuma longa curcumin inhibited lipid accumulation and mRNA levels of adipocyte-specific genes (PPARγ, aP2, and C/EBPα) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared with control cells. Treatment with GGH(4), the individual components or curcmumin increased mRNA levels of mitochondrial (CPT-1, MCAD, and VLCAD) and peroxisomal (ACOX and thiolase) PPARα target genes. GGH(4) and the individual components also increased PPARα reporter gene expression compared with control cells. These effects were most prominent in GGH(4)-treated cells. However, the PPARα antagonist GW6471 reversed the inhibitory effects of GGH(4) on adipogenesis. An in vivo study showed that GGH(4) decreased body weight gain, adipose tissue mass, and visceral adipocyte size with increasing mRNA levels of adipose tissue PPARα target genes in OLETF rats. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that GGH(4) has an antiobesity effects through the inhibition of adipocyte lipid accumulation, and this process may be mediated in part through adipose PPARα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Sung Roh
- Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunghee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangee Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Dong Park
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea.
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Yang Y, Qiao L, Zhang X, Wu Z, Weng P. Effect of methylated tea catechins from Chinese oolong tea on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. Fitoterapia 2015; 104:45-9. [PMID: 26002426 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the important component of tea catechins in oolong tea, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) has exhibited various beneficial effects, however, little attention about its obesity prevention effect is available. In this study, the inhibitory effects of tea catechin monomers, including their methylated forms on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte were studied. The major methylated tea catechins in oolong tea were identified as EGCG3″Me and ECG3″Me. The accumulation of triglyceride was significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in groups treated with EGCG3″Me at concentrations of 20, 40 and 80μg/mL, and the accumulation of lipid was decreased to 89.42±2.66%, 64.36±3.13% and 39.37±2.79%, respectively. Both EGCG3″Me and EGCG treatments showed a significant inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, while EGCG3″Me showed a relatively higher effect than EGCG, which was contrary to the results of cytotoxic activity. For ECG and ECG3″Me, ECG3″Me also showed a relatively higher antiobesity effect and lower cytotoxic activity. The results of activity screening showed that methylated tea catechins, including EGCG3″Me and ECG3″Me inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The difference of inhibitory effects for tested compounds may be due to their structural difference (the hydroxyl group at C-3 in D ring substituted by methoxy group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Longliang Qiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
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Yoshizaki Y, Kawasaki C, Cheng KC, Ushikai M, Amitani H, Asakawa A, Okutsu K, Sameshima Y, Takamine K, Inui A. Rice koji reduced body weight gain, fat accumulation, and blood glucose level in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. PeerJ 2014; 2:e540. [PMID: 25237599 PMCID: PMC4157231 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice koji is considered a readily accessible functional food that may have health-promoting effects. We investigated whether white, yellow, and red koji have the anti-obesity effect in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), which is a model for obesity. Mice were fed HFD containing 10% (w/w) of rice koji powder or steamed rice for 4 weeks. Weight gain, epididymal white adipose tissue, and total adipose tissue weight were significantly lower in all rice koji groups than in the HFD-rice group after 4 weeks. Feed efficiency was significantly reduced in the yellow koji group. Blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the white and red koji groups with HOMA-R and leptin levels being reduced in the white koji group. White and red koji increased glucose uptake and GLUT4 protein expression in L6 myotube cells. These results showed that all rice koji have the anti-obesity or anti-diabetes effects although the mechanisms may differ depending on the type of rice koji consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yoshizaki
- Division of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Chihiro Kawasaki
- Division of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Kayu Okutsu
- Division of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sameshima
- Division of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Kazunori Takamine
- Division of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima City , Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima City , Japan
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El Sayed Aly MR, Abd El Razek Fodah HH, Saleh SY. Antiobesity, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of newly synthesized chalcone derivatives and their metal complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:517-30. [PMID: 24602794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four sets of rationally designed chalcones were prepared for evaluation of their antiobesity, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. These sets include nine oleoyl chalcones as mimics of oleoyl estrone, three monohydroxy chalcones (chalcone ligands), Schiff base-derived chalcones and four copper as well as zinc complexes. Oleoyl chalcones 4d, 4e and particularly 6a as an isosteric isomer of oleoyl estrone, were as active as Orlistat on weight loss and related metabolic parameters using male SD rats in vivo. Chalcone ligands 10a-c and Schiff base-derived chalcones 11 and 14a,b were weakly antioxidants, while, the copper and zinc complexes 15a-d were good antioxidants with zinc chelates 15b,d being more active than their copper analogues 15a,cin vitro. Compounds 10c and 14a showed good cytotoxicity activities as Doxorubicin against PC3 cancer cell line in vitro, while, the copper complex 15c showed promising activity with IC₅₀ value of 5.95 μM. The estimated IC₅₀ value for Doxorubicin was 8.7 μM. Chalcones 14a,b are bifunctional probes for potential investigations in cancer diagnosis and radiotherapy by complexation with Gd(3+) or metal radioisotopes followed by posttranslation of Shiga toxin B-subunits that target globotriosyl ceramide expressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ramadan El Sayed Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Hawyah-Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Said University, 42522 Port Said, Egypt.
| | - Hamadah Hamadah Abd El Razek Fodah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Sherif Yousef Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Kim YJ, Choi MS, Cha BY, Woo JT, Park YB, Kim SR, Jung UJ. Long-term supplementation of honokiol and magnolol ameliorates body fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and adipose inflammation in high-fat fed mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1988-98. [PMID: 23901038 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigated the effect of honokiol (HON) and magnolol (MAG), phenolic compounds in Magnolia plants, on adiposity and adiposity-related metabolic disturbances in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD), and the potential underlying mechanisms focusing on the lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. METHOD AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD (45 kcal% fat) with or without HON (0.02%, w/w) or MAG (0.02%, w/w) for 16 wk. Despite no changes in body weight, food intake, and hepatic fat accumulation, HON and MAG significantly lowered the weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) as well as adipocyte size and protected against insulin resistance induced by HFD. These effects were associated with increases in energy expenditure and adipose fatty acid oxidation and decreases in fatty acid synthase activity and expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, desaturation, and uptake, as well as adipocyte differentiation in WAT. Moreover, HON and MAG significantly lowered the expression of proinflammatory genes in WAT and elevated the plasma IL-10 level. Particularly, HON significantly decreased the plasma resistin level and increased the plasma adiponectin level compared to the control group. CONCLUSION HON and MAG have potential as novel agents for amelioration of adiposity and associated insulin resistance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Je Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Moon J, Do HJ, Kim OY, Shin MJ. Antiobesity effects of quercetin-rich onion peel extract on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the adipogenesis in high fat-fed rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:347-54. [PMID: 23684756 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of quercetin-rich onion peel extract (OPE) on anti-differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the antiobesity in high-fat fed rats. We found that lipid accumulations and TG contents in 3T3-L1 cells were markedly suppressed by OPE. The mRNA levels of activating protein (AP2) were down-regulated and those of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 α (CPT-1α) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were up-regulated by 75 and 100 μg/ml OPE. Body weight, retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat weights of SD rats were significantly lower in the 8 week high fat (HF) diet+0.72% OPE group than in the HF group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ mRNA levels were down-regulated in the epididymal fat of OPE than those of control and HF, and significant down-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α mRNA levels in OPE was also observed than the control. The mRNA levels of CPT-1α and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) were up-regulated by the OPE, while those of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were down-regulated in HF and OPE groups compared to control group. These results suggest that quercentin-enriched OPE may have antiobesity effects by suppressing preadipocyte differentiation and inhibiting adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
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Kumar S, Alagawadi KR, Rao MR. Effect of Argyreia speciosa root extract on cafeteria diet-induced obesity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:163-7. [PMID: 21572650 PMCID: PMC3081454 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.77353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antiobesity effects of the ethanolic extract of Argyreia speciosa roots in rats fed with a cafeteria diet (CD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Obesity was induced in albino rats by feeding them a CD daily for 42 days, in addition to a normal diet. Body weight and food intake was measured initially and then every week thereafter. On day 42, the serum biochemical parameters were estimated and the animals were sacrificed with an overdose of ether. The, liver and parametrial adipose tissues were removed and weighed immediately. The liver triglyceride content was estimated. The influence of the extract on the pancreatic lipase activity was also determined by measuring the rate of release of oleic acid from triolein. RESULTS The body weight at two-to-six weeks and the final parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lowered (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in rats fed with the CD with Argyreia speciosa extract 500 mg/kg/day as compared to the CD alone. The extract also significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the serum contents of leptin, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, which were elevated in rats fed with CD alone. In addition, the extract inhibited the induction of fatty liver with the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides. The extract also showed inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity by using triolein as a substrate. CONCLUSIONS The ethanolic extract of Argyreia speciosa roots produces inhibitory effects on cafeteria diet-induced obesity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, N.E.T. Pharmacy College, Navodaya Nagar, Raichur - 584 103, Karnataka, India
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