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Ghedini CP, Silva LHP, Moura DC, Brito AF. Supplementing flaxseed meal with sucrose, flaxseed oil, or both: Effect on milk enterolactone, ruminal microbiota profile, production performance, and nutrient utilization in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00803-8. [PMID: 38762110 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Flaxseed is the richest source of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, which is converted by ruminal microorganisms primarily to the mammalian lignan enterolactone. Our objective was to investigate the effect of diets containing soybean meal or flaxseed meal (FM) supplemented with sucrose, flaxseed oil, or both on milk enterolactone concentration and yield, diversity and relative abundance of ruminal bacterial taxa, ruminal fermentation profile, production performance, milk fatty acid (FA) yield, and nutrient utilization in dairy cows. Sixteen Holstein cows [8 multiparous (4 ruminally-cannulated) and 8 primiparous] averaging (mean ± SD) 134 ± 54.1 DIM and 679 ± 78.9 kg of BW in the beginning of the study were assigned to treatment sequences in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 25 d with 18 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection. Diets were formulated to contain a 60:40 forage:concentrate ratio and included (DM basis): 1) 8% soybean meal and 23% ground corn (SBM), 2) 15% FM, 10.7% ground corn, and 5% sucrose (FLX+S), 3) 15% FM, 15.4% ground corn, and 3% flaxseed oil (FLX+O), and 4) 15% FM, 10.2% ground corn, 5% sucrose, and 3% flaxseed oil (FLX+SO). Compared with SBM, the concentration and yield of milk enterolactone increased in cows fed the FM diets, but did not differ among FLX+S, FLX+O, and FLX+SO. The relative abundances of the phyla Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobiota, and Actinobacteriota and those of the bacterial genera Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Anaeromusa-Anaeroarcus, WCHB1-41, and p-251-o5 decreased, whereas Prevotella and NK4A214 group increased when comparing SBM against at least 1 diet containing FM. Furthermore, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota and those of Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Acetitomaculum, Lachnospiraceae unclassified, NK4A214 group, and Anaeromusa-Anaeroarcus changed (increased or decreased) across the FLX+S, FLX+O, and FLX+SO diets. However, all these changes in the relative abundance of the ruminal bacterial taxa were not conclusively associated with the effect of diets on milk enterolactone. Diets did not affect ruminal pH and concentrations of NH3-N and total VFA. Dry matter intake and yields of milk, milk fat, and milk true protein all decreased in cows fed FLX+O or FLX+SO. Yields of milk total odd-chain FA, branched-chain FA, total < 16C FA, and total 16C FA all decreased with feeding FLX+O and FLX+SO. The apparent total-tract digestibilities of DM and OM were lowest in the FLX+S and FLX+O diets, with CP and ADF digestibilities lowest in cows receiving FLX+S or FLX+O, respectively. Urinary excretion of total N was lowest with feeding SBM. Contrarily, diets did not affect the urinary excretion of total purine derivatives. In brief, despite the effect of diets on the relative abundance of several ruminal microbiota phyla and genera, we were unable to conclusively associate these changes with increased milk enterolactone in FM-containing diets versus SBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Ghedini
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, Durham, NH 03824
| | - L H P Silva
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, Durham, NH 03824
| | - D C Moura
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - Campus Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil 78557-267
| | - A F Brito
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, Durham, NH 03824.
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Wyse JM, Nevard RP, Loy J, Weston PA, Gurusinghe S, McCormick J, Weston LA, Stephen CP. Effects of Mixed Pasture Legume Phytoestrogens on Superovulatory Response and Embryo Quality in Angus Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1125. [PMID: 38612365 PMCID: PMC11011016 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovulation and artificial insemination rates have been observed to decrease in sheep and cows when exposed to dietary phytoestrogens at concentrations greater than 25 mg/kg DM. A grazing trial was undertaken to investigate the effects of coumestrol and other key phytoestrogens on the superovulatory response, embryo numbers and quality in beef cows grazing legume pastures. A 7-week controlled grazing trial was conducted with legume and ryegrass pasture treatments, with cows exposed to legumes at two timed treatments, 4 and 7 weeks. Twenty Angus cows were subjected to a conventional estrus synchronization and superovulation protocol. Embryos were recovered via conventional uterine body flushing 7 days post artificial insemination (AI). Numerous phytoestrogens were identified in both pasture and plasma samples, including coumestrol and formononetin. Concentrations of phytoestrogens in the pasture ranged from 0.001 to 47.5 mg/kg DM and 0 to 2.6 ng/mL in plasma. Approximately 50% of cows produced viable embryos 7 days post AI. A significant interaction between the effect of treatment groups on the embryo stage was observed (p < 0.05). The results suggest that concentrations of >25 mg/kg DM of phytoestrogens less than 20 days preceding AI may negatively affect oocyte developmental competence, reduce progesterone production and thus contribute to early embryonic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Wyse
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (J.L.)
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Rory P. Nevard
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Jaymie Loy
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (J.L.)
| | - Paul A. Weston
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Saliya Gurusinghe
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Jeffrey McCormick
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (J.L.)
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Leslie A. Weston
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Cyril P. Stephen
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (J.L.)
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
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Zhuang CC, Liu CR, Xu HY, Yang XY, Wu DD, Zheng Z, Wang LW, Liu Z, Ma CM. Identification and bioactivity evaluation of ring-opening and lactone forms of enterolactone from sheep fed flaxseed cake. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38511431 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2331606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The previously undescribed lactone ring-opening enterolactone and its sulphate were purified along with the lactone counterparts from the urine of dairy sheep fed flaxseed cake. The structures were determined by NMR and MS analyses. The ring-opening and lactone forms underwent mutual transformation with changes in pH and milk could protect the lactone form. Enterolactone exhibited more effective anti-proliferation activity on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells than its ring-opening counterpart, while the ring-opening enterolactone demonstrated more effective anti-osteoporosis activity than the lactone form. The results indicated the potential for targeting biological functions through pH and medium manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Rui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Inner Mongolia Yishanyuan Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P.R. China
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Bai J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Kuang N, Xu L, Xu Z, Wang H, Liu R. The therapeutic effect of Loranthus parasiticus lignan derivatives on collagen-induced arthritis in rats through the SHBG/NFκB pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:873-883. [PMID: 38227094 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Lignan-rich beans, nuts, and various seeds are the main foods with antioxidative and hormone-modulating activities. Although the role of lignans in mediating hormone-dependent cancers and cardiovascular diseases is well characterized, the function of lignans in anti-arthritic activity and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Three new lignan derivatives, (-)-nortrachelogenin, trachelogenin, and matairesinol, were extracted from Loranthus parasiticus. After establishing the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model by intradermal injection of collagen, rats were treated with three new lignan derivatives ((-)-nortrachelogenin: 37%; trachelogenin: 27%; matairesinol: 25.7%) at a concentration of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, or methotrexate at 0.3 mg/kg. Mixed lignan derivatives significantly attenuated the immune responses in the joints of CIA rats, leading to lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and higher levels of free androgen in the serum compared to the CIA model. The results of molecular docking using AutoDock Vina showed that the lignan derivative (-)-nortrachelogenin was the most effective compound for binding to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), thus inhibiting the activity of NFκB in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In this study, (-)-nortrachelogenin was identified as a novel natural lignan derivative with previously unrecognized anti-inflammatory activity. Its molecular mechanism appears related to the regulation of the NFκB/SHBG pathway. Our findings suggest that further application of sex hormone-like compounds in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the potential clinical applications of (-)-nortrachelogenin are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Bai
- Clinical Pharmacy, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, 046011, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Nanzhen Kuang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Liangquan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhengang Xu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Obstetrics Department, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, 046011, China
| | - Renping Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Fabjanowska J, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Klebaniuk R, Milewski S, Gümüş H. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3589. [PMID: 38003206 PMCID: PMC10668692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows' diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves' ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabjanowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hıdır Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030 Burdur, Türkiye;
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Micek A, Bolesławska I, Jagielski P, Konopka K, Waśkiewicz A, Witkowska AM, Przysławski J, Godos J. Association of dietary intake of polyphenols, lignans, and phytosterols with immune-stimulating microbiota and COVID-19 risk in a group of Polish men and women. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1241016. [PMID: 37599696 PMCID: PMC10436747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Devastating consequences of COVID-19 disease enhanced the role of promoting prevention-focused practices. Among targeted efforts, diet is regarded as one of the potential factors which can affect immune function and optimal nutrition is postulated as the method of augmentation of people's viral resistance. As epidemiological evidence is scarce, the present study aimed to explore the association between dietary intake of total polyphenols, lignans and plant sterols and the abundance of immunomodulatory gut microbiota such as Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli and the risk of developing COVID-19 disease. Methods Demographic data, dietary habits, physical activity as well as the composition of body and gut microbiota were analyzed in a sample of 95 young healthy individuals. Dietary polyphenol, lignan and plant sterol intakes have been retrieved based on the amount of food consumed by the participants, the phytochemical content was assessed in laboratory analysis and using available databases. Results For all investigated polyphenols and phytosterols, except campesterol, every unit increase in the tertile of intake category was associated with a decrease in the odds of contracting COVID-19. The risk reduction ranged from several dozen percent to 70 %, depending on the individual plant-based chemical, and after controlling for basic covariates it was statistically significant for secoisolariciresinol (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61), total phytosterols (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22-0.95) and for stigmasterols (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14-0.72). We found an inverse association between increased β-sitosterol intake and phytosterols in total and the occurrence of Escherichia coli in stool samples outside reference values, with 72% (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08-0.86) and 66% (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.10-1.08) reduced odds of abnormal level of bacteria for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of phytochemical consumption. Additionally, there was a trend of more frequent presence of Enterococcus spp. at relevant level in people with a higher intake of lariciresinol. Conclusion The beneficial effects of polyphenols and phytosterols should be emphasized and these plant-based compounds should be regarded in the context of their utility as antiviral agents preventing influenza-type infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Statistical Laboratory, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Konopka
- Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Waśkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Stavropoulos P, Mavroeidis A, Papadopoulos G, Roussis I, Bilalis D, Kakabouki I. On the Path towards a "Greener" EU: A Mini Review on Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) as a Case Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1102. [PMID: 36903961 PMCID: PMC10005532 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the pressures imposed by climate change, the European Union (EU) has been forced to design several initiatives (the Common Agricultural Policy, the European Green Deal, Farm to Fork) to tackle the climate crisis and ensure food security. Through these initiatives, the EU aspires to mitigate the adverse effects of the climate crisis and achieve collective prosperity for humans, animals, and the environment. The adoption or promotion of crops that would facilitate the attaining of these objectives is naturally of high importance. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a multipurpose crop with many applications in the industrial, health, and agri-food sectors. This crop is mainly grown for its fibers or its seed and has recently gained increasing attention. The literature suggests that flax can be grown in several parts of the EU, and potentially has a relatively low environmental impact. The aim of the present review is to: (i) briefly present the uses, needs, and utility of this crop and, (ii) assess its potential within the EU by taking into account the sustainability goals the EU has set via its current policies.
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Baldi S, Tristán Asensi M, Pallecchi M, Sofi F, Bartolucci G, Amedei A. Interplay between Lignans and Gut Microbiota: Nutritional, Functional and Methodological Aspects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010343. [PMID: 36615537 PMCID: PMC9822457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are non-flavonoid polyphenols present in a wide range of foods frequently consumed in the Western world, such as seeds, vegetables and fruits, and beverages such as coffee, tea and wine. In particular, the human gut microbiota (GM) can convert dietary lignans into biologically active compounds, especially enterolignans (i.e., enterolactone and enterodiol), which play anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant roles, act as estrogen receptor activators and modulate gene expression and/or enzyme activity. Interestingly, recent evidence documenting those dietary interventions involving foods enriched in lignans have shown beneficial and protective effects on various human pathologies, including colorectal and breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, considering that more factors (e.g., diet, food transit time and intestinal redox state) can modulate the lignans bioactivation by GM, there are usually remarkable inter-individual differences in urine, fecal and blood concentrations of enterolignans; hence, precise and validated analytical methods, especially gas/liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, are needed for their accurate quantification. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the beneficial roles of enterolignans, their interaction with GM and the new methodological approaches developed for their evaluation in different biological samples, since they could be considered future promising nutraceuticals for the prevention of human chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Tristán Asensi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758330
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Wyse J, Latif S, Gurusinghe S, McCormick J, Weston LA, Stephen CP. Phytoestrogens: A Review of Their Impacts on Reproductive Physiology and Other Effects upon Grazing Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192709. [PMID: 36230450 PMCID: PMC9559698 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legume crops and pastures have a high economic value in Australia. However, legume species commonly used for grazing enterprises have been identified to produce high concentrations of phytoestrogens. These compounds are heterocyclic phenolic, and are similar in structure to the mammalian estrogen, 17β-estradiol. The biological activity of the various phytoestrogen types; isoflavones, lignans and coumestans, are species-specific, although at concentrations of 25 mg/kg of dry matter each of the phytoestrogen types affect reproductive functions in grazing livestock. The impacts upon fertility in grazing livestock such as cattle and sheep, vary greatly over length of exposure time, age and health of animal and the stress stimuli the plant is exposed to. More recently, research into the other effects that phytoestrogens may have upon metabolism, immune capacity and growth and performance of grazing livestock has been conducted. Potential new benefits for using these phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and genistein, have been identified by observing the stimulation of production in lymphocytes and other antibody cells. Numerous isoflavones have also been recognized to promote protein synthesis, increase the lean meat ratio, and increase weight gain in cattle and sheep. In Australia, the high economic value of legumes as pasture crops in sheep and cattle production enterprises requires proactive management strategies to mitigate risk associated with potential loss of fertility associated with inclusion of pasture legumes as forages for grazing livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wyse
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Sajid Latif
- National Life Sciences Research Hub, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Saliya Gurusinghe
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Jeffrey McCormick
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Leslie A. Weston
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Cyril P. Stephen
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.P.S.)
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10
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Beneficial Effects of Flaxseed and/or Mulberry Extracts Supplementation in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153238. [PMID: 35956414 PMCID: PMC9370575 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low endogenous estrogen action causes several injuries. Medicinal plants, such as flaxseed and mulberry, contain substances that have been shown to be effective to the organism. The aim was to verify the effects of flaxseed and/or mulberry extracts on ovariectomized Wistar rats. The animals received supplements of extracts and estrogen or saline by gavage for 60 days and were weighed weekly. Vaginal wash, blood, pituitary, uterus, liver, and kidneys were collected. Phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the extracts, lipid profile, uric acid, liver enzymes, and pituitary weight were measured. Histomorphometric for uterine wall and histopathological analyses for liver and kidney were performed. Flaxseed and mulberry extracts showed great antioxidant activity and large amounts of phenolic compounds. The treatment with extracts had less weight gain, increased pituitary weight, the predominance of vaginal epithelial cells, and reduced TC, LDL-c and lipase activity, similar to estrogen animals. Estrogen or flaxseed + mulberry animals reduced VLDL-c and TAG. HDL-c, uric acid, and liver enzymes did not differ. Estrogen or extracts demonstrated trophic action on the endometrial thickness and have not shown hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. We suggested the beneficial effects of flaxseed and mulberry extract as an alternative to reduce and/or prevent the negative effects caused by low estrogenic action.
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Yamada J, Maeda S, Soya M, Nishida H, Iinuma KM, Jinno S. Alleviation of cognitive deficits via upregulation of chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis by lignan sesamin in a mouse model of neuroinflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109093. [PMID: 35724814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are plant-derived compounds that act as partial estrogen agonists. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) represent one of the major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we aimed to understand the role of sesamin (SES), a major lignan compound, in the biosynthesis and degradation of CSPGs in the mouse hippocampus because CSPGs play a key role in the regulation of cognitive functions through the promotion of adult neurogenesis. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β was decreased by SES administration in the hippocampus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, a model of neuroinflammation-induced cognitive deficits. The expression of genes related to biosynthesis and degradation of CSPGs in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice was both increased and decreased by SES administration. Further, the diffuse ECM labeling of CSPGs by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice was increased by SES administration. The densities of neural stem cells, late transit-amplifying cells, and newborn-granule cells in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice were also increased by SES administration. Moreover, SES-induced alterations in gene expression, WFA labeling, and adult neurogenesis in LPS-treated mice were more evident in the dorsal hippocampus (center of cognition) than in the ventral hippocampus (center of emotion). Neither LPS nor SES administration affected locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and depression-related behavior. However, impairments in contextual memory and sensorimotor gating in LPS-treated mice were recovered by SES administration. Our results show that SES can promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis through the upregulation of CSPGs, which may alleviate cognitive deficits induced by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Nishida
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko M Iinuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Beneficial Effects of Linseed Supplementation on Gut Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in a Physically Active Mouse Model of Crohn's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115891. [PMID: 35682570 PMCID: PMC9180845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet, rich in lipids and in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), favors gut dysbiosis observed in Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of rebalancing the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in CEABAC10 transgenic mice that mimic CD. Mice in individual cages with running wheels were randomized in three diet groups for 12 weeks: high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + linseed oil (HFD-LS-O) and HFD + extruded linseed (HFD-LS-E). Then, they were orally challenged once with the Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) LF82 pathobiont. After 12 weeks of diet, total energy intake, body composition, and intestinal permeability were not different between groups. After the AIEC-induced intestinal inflammation, fecal lipocalin-2 concentration was lower at day 6 in n-3 PUFAs supplementation groups (HFD-LS-O and HFD-LS-E) compared to HFD. Analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota showed that the abundance of Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Ruminococcus, and Clostridiales was higher in the HFD-LS-E group. Butyrate levels were higher in the HFD-LS-E group and correlated with the Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratio. This study demonstrates that extruded linseed supplementation had a beneficial health effect in a physically active mouse model of CD susceptibility. Additional studies are required to better decipher the matrix influence in the linseed supplementation effect.
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Occurrence of Polyphenols, Isoflavonoids, and Their Metabolites in Milk Samples from Different Cow Feeding Regimens. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, milk samples collected in a cohort of intensive dairy farms of the Po Valley (Italy) were screened for their (poly)-phenolic profile to check the occurrence of phenolic metabolites of biological interest. The selected dairy farms were previously classified on the basis of their cow feeding system, considering the utilization of corn silage as the main ingredient of the rations. Overall, ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap analyzer, followed by unsupervised and supervised statistics, allowed identifying clear different phenolic distributions in the milk samples. Accordingly, a great variability in the phenolic profiles of the different milk samples was observed, with two main phenolic clusters outlined by the unsupervised hierarchical clustering approach and not fully correlated to the nutritional strategy considered. The variables’ importance in the projection approach allowed selecting the most important metabolites, resulting in samples’ discrimination. Among the most discriminative compounds, we found phenolic metabolites (such as hippuric acid and 4-hydroxyhippuric acid), followed by lignans (such as enterolactone) and isoflavonoids (such as equol and O-desmethylangolensin). Taken together, our findings suggested that both the feeding systems and the ability of dairy cows to process parent phenolic compounds were the main factors providing the final (poly)-phenolic profile of the milk samples. Future targeted and ad hoc studies appear of great interest to evaluate the potential biological effects of these compounds on cow health.
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Zhang L, Lan Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Han W, Li J, Wang Y, Liu X. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ameliorates high fat diet-induced colon inflammation and regulates gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:3009-3022. [PMID: 35195134 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, which depends partly on the participation of gut microbiota. We studied the effect of SDG on colonic inflammation caused by a common poor diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and the regulation of gut microbiota as well as its metabolites. Considering the difference of sources, prices, and possible bioactivity, we compared the effects of a single compound and the extract of SDG on colon inflammation. The results displayed that both the single compound and the extract ameliorated morphologic damage of the colon and improved intestinal barrier integrity. In addition, SDG suppressed the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the colon, and the inhibitory effect of a single compound was stronger than that of the extract. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that SDG altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, particularly the abundance of inflammation-related bacteria, and the effect of the extract was greater than that of a single compound. The analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) manifested the improved concentration with the intervention of SDG. These results confirmed that SDG, including a single compound and extract, exerted protective effects against colon inflammation, which might be partly explained by the gut microbiome. Our research could provide a positive nutritional intervention for chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ying Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Sports Department, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiying Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wenzheng Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jingyan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yutang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Li D, Luo F, Guo T, Han S, Wang H, Lin Q. Targeting NF-κB pathway by dietary lignans in inflammation: expanding roles of gut microbiota and metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5967-5983. [PMID: 35068283 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2026871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major factor affecting human health. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays a vital role in the development of inflammation, and the promoters of most inflammatory cytokine genes have NF-κB-binding sites. Targeting NF-κB could be an exciting route for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. As important constituents of natural plants, lignans are proved to have numerous biological functions. There are growing pieces of evidence demonstrate that lignans have the potential anti-inflammatory activities. In this work, the type, structure and source of lignans and the influence on mitigating the inflammation are systematically summarized. This review focuses on the targeting NF-κB signaling pathway in the inflammatory response by different lignans and their molecular mechanisms. Lignans also regulate gut microflora and change gut microbial metabolites, which exert novel pathway to prevent NF-κB activation. Taken together, lignans target NF-κB with various mechanisms to inhibit inflammatory cytokine expressions in the inflammatory response. It will provide a scientific theoretical basis for further research on the anti-inflammatory effects of lignans and the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Hussain Zaki UK, Fryganas C, Trijsburg L, Feskens EJM, Capuano E. In vitro gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and colonic fermentation of lignans from fresh, fermented, and germinated flaxseed. Food Funct 2022; 13:10737-10747. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02559k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fermented flaxseed improves lignan (SECO) bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal phase, release and conversion to enterolactone during colon fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Kalsum Hussain Zaki
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food Science and Technology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christos Fryganas
- Food Quality & Design Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Trijsburg
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality & Design Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kang S, Jo H, Kim MR. Safety Assessment of Endocrine Disruption by Menopausal Health Functional Ingredients. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101376. [PMID: 34683056 PMCID: PMC8544397 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During menopause, women experience various symptoms including hot flashes, mood changes, insomnia, and sweating. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used as the main treatment for menopausal symptoms; however, other options are required for women with medical contraindications or without preference for HRT. Functional health foods are easily available options for relieving menopausal symptoms. There are growing concerns regarding menopausal functional health foods because the majority of them include phytoestrogens which have the effect of endocrine disruption. Phytoestrogens may cause not only hormonal imbalance or disruption of the normal biological function of the organ systems, but also uterine cancer or breast cancer if absorbed and accumulated in the body for a long period of time, depending on the estrogen receptor binding capacity. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects and safety of menopausal functional health ingredients and medicines on the human body as endocrine disruptors under review in the literature and the OECD guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kang
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hagyeong Jo
- Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Mee-Ran Kim
- Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6170
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Chae HS, Pel P, Cho J, Kim YM, An CY, Huh J, Choi YH, Kim J, Chin YW. Identification of neolignans with PCSK9 downregulatory and LDLR upregulatory activities from Penthorum chinense and the potential in cholesterol uptake by transcriptional regulation of LDLR via SREBP2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114265. [PMID: 34111537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Penthorum chinense has been used in East Asia for the treatment of cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, jaundice and to treat liver problems. Recent evidences provided the potential for the clinical use of P. chinense in the treatment of metabolic disease. AIM OF THE STUDY Based on the traditional use and recent evidences, we investigated the effects of constituents from P. chinense with modulation on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression, and the effect of the most active substance on cholesterol uptake, and genes relevant to lipid metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isolation of compounds from the BuOH-soluble extract of 80% methanol extract of P. chinense was conducted using chromatographic methods and the structures were established by interpreting spectroscopic data. Quantitative real time-PCR, and Western blot analysis were performed to monitor the regulatory activity on PCSK9 and LDLR expression. PCSK9-LDLR binding interaction was also tested. The cholesterol uptake in hepatocyte was measured using 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-labeled LDL cholesterol. Additionally, gene network analysis of LDLR and responses of its target proteins were carried out to discover genes germane to the effect of active compound on HepG2 cells. Moreover, we performed protein-protein interaction analysis via String and constructed the compound target network using Cytoscape. RESULTS Two new neolignans and 37 known compounds were characterized from P. chinense. Of the isolated compounds, (7'E,8S)-2',4,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2,4'-epoxy-8,5'-neolign-7'-en-7-one (3), penthorin A (4) and methyl gallate (25) were found to suppress PCSK9 mRNA expression with IC50 values of 5.13, 15.56 and 11.66 μM, respectively. However, all the isolated compounds were found to be inactive in PCSK9-LDLR interaction assay. Additionally, a dibenzoxepine-type lignan analog, (7'E,8S)-2',4,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2,4'-epoxy-8,5'-neolign-7'-en-7-one (3) demonstrated to upregulate LDLR mRNA and protein expression via transcriptional factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). Furthermore, (7'E,8S)-2',4,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2,4'-epoxy-8,5'-neolign-7'-en-7-one (3) increase the LDL-cholesterol uptake in DiI-LDL assay. CONCLUSION (7'E,8S)-2',4,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2,4'-epoxy-8,5'-neolign-7'-en-7-one (3) seemed to increase potentially cholesterol uptake via the downregulation of PCSK9 and the activation of LDLR in hepatocytes. Moreover, SREBP2 was found to play an important role in regulation of PCSK9 and LDLR by (7'E,8S)-2',4,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2,4'-epoxy-8,5'-neolign-7'-en-7-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pisey Pel
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungmoo Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Effects of extruded, milled, and whole flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) on egg performance, lipid components, and fatty acids concentrations in yolk and blood, and antioxidant system of commercial laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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The effect of whole sesame seeds on milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile and antioxidant status in goats. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fatty Acid Profile and Enterolactone Content of Early and Commercial Milk of Dairy Cows Supplemented with Flaked Flaxseed during the Dry Period. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122394. [PMID: 33333731 PMCID: PMC7765167 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various supplementations in animal feeding have been investigate in order to enrich food of animal origin with n-3 fatty acids. Although the effects of flaxseeds inclusion in diets for lactating dairy have already been assessed, few studies have focused on this n-3 source supplementation during the transition period. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of flacked flaxseed (200 g/head/day; 2.13% DM) dietary treatment during the dry period on milk yield and quality in the 30 days after calving. In addition, the enterolactone content in plasma (before and after calving) and in milk of cows fed diets supplemented or not with flaxseed was considered. The study demonstrated that the carry-over effect on the milk profile of C18:2, C18:3 n-3, and C20:5 n-3 was significantly higher in flaxseed diet than in the control one at 4th day of lactation. A significant increase of enterolactone on milk from flaxseed fed cows was observed only at 15 sampling day. The quick modification in fatty acid (FA) profile of the milk in the first few days of lactation suggests that the carry over effect from pre-calving flaxseed feeding at this concentration was very short lasting.
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Senizza A, Rocchetti G, Mosele JI, Patrone V, Callegari ML, Morelli L, Lucini L. Lignans and Gut Microbiota: An Interplay Revealing Potential Health Implications. Molecules 2020; 25:E5709. [PMID: 33287261 PMCID: PMC7731202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are a broad group of bioactive compounds characterized by different chemical and structural properties, low bioavailability, and several in vitro biological activities. Among these compounds, lignans (a non-flavonoid polyphenolic class found in plant foods for human nutrition) have been recently studied as potential modulators of the gut-brain axis. In particular, gut bacterial metabolism is able to convert dietary lignans into therapeutically relevant polyphenols (i.e., enterolignans), such as enterolactone and enterodiol. Enterolignans are characterized by various biologic activities, including tissue-specific estrogen receptor activation, together with anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects. However, variation in enterolignans production by the gut microbiota is strictly related to both bioaccessibility and bioavailability of lignans through the entire gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the most important dietary source of lignans, exploring the interesting interplay between gut metabolites, gut microbiota, and the so-called gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (A.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.C.); (L.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (A.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.C.); (L.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Juana I. Mosele
- Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina;
| | - Vania Patrone
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (A.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.C.); (L.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Luisa Callegari
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (A.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.C.); (L.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (A.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.C.); (L.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (A.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.C.); (L.M.); (L.L.)
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Soleymani S, Habtemariam S, Rahimi R, Nabavi SM. The what and who of dietary lignans in human health: Special focus on prooxidant and antioxidant effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhuang CC, Feng X, Xu HY, Zhang L, Liu L, Zhang G, Zheng Z, Ma CM. Technical note: Quantification of lignans in the urine, milk, and plasma of flaxseed cake-fed dairy sheep. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:391-396. [PMID: 33189295 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian lignans are phytoestrogens with important bioactivities, and their concentrations in livestock milk may influence the health of consumers. This research aimed to establish a method to quantify multiple mammalian lignans in the biofluids of dairy sheep using ultra-HPLC-triple quadropole mass spectrometry with multiple-reaction monitoring. Secoisolariciresinol, 2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-butanediol, enterodiol (ED), enterolactone (EL), ED-sulfate (ED-S), and EL-sulfate (EL-S) were purified from the urine of flaxseed cake-fed dairy sheep. The structures of these lignans were identified by a combination of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. These purified lignans were used as standards to optimize their quantification conditions in urine, milk, and plasma of dairy sheep. On this basis, the lignan metabolites in biofluids were quantified. To improve analysis sensitivity, plasma and milk were pretreated with acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid and passed through a HybridSPE-PL 55261-U column (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA). The limit of quantification of the lignans ranged from 1.43 to 18.3 ng/mL in plasma, and from 1.01 to 18.7 ng/mL in milk. The linearity of the calibration curves ranged from their limit of quantification to at least 217 ng/mL in plasma, and 217 ng/mL in milk. Regression coefficient of the calibration curves were above 0.99 for secoisolariciresinol, 2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-butanediol, ED, EL, ED-S, and EL-S, indicating satisfactory relationships between the peak areas and concentrations in the quantification range. The relative concentrations of ED-glucuronide and EL-glucuronide (EL-G) in different biofluids were compared based on their chromatogram peak areas. The sheep plasma contained all forms of mammalian lignans (i.e., ED, EL, ED-S, EL-S, ED-glucuronide, and EL-G.); the urine contained ED, EL, ED-S, and EL-S; and the milk contained ED, EL, ED-S, EL-S, and EL-G. Milk-to-plasma concentration ratios of the mammalian lignans indicated that the free forms were more permeable than the sulfated conjugates. Mammalian lignans found in sheep plasma and milk may provide health benefits to the sheep and sheep-product consumers. The analytical method established in this work could be used to quantify mammalian lignans in livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070; Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070
| | - Xu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070; Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070; Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070
| | - Ling Liu
- Inner Mongolia Yishanyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hohhot, P. R. China 010111
| | - Gong Zhang
- Mengtianran Animal Husbandry Technical Development Co., Ltd., Ulanqab, P. R. China 012207
| | - Zhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070.
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070; Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China 010070.
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Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the regulation of pigmentation in the purple variety of Dendrobium officinale. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17700. [PMID: 33077850 PMCID: PMC7573623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome from purple (Pr) and normal cultivated varieties (CK) of Dendrobium officinale to gain insights into the regulatory networks associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism and to identify the key regulatory genes of pigmentation. Metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) and RNA sequencing. Pr had more flavonoids in the stem than did CK. Metabolome analyses showed that 148 differential metabolites are involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, amino acids, purines, and organic acids. Among them, the delphinidin and quercetin derivatives were significantly higher in Pr. A total of 4927 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched (p ≤ 0.01) in 50 Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed significantly enriched phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phytohormone signal transduction in Pr versus CK. The expression levels of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) affected the flux of dihydroflavonol, which led to a color change in Pr. Moreover, DEG enrichment and metabolite analyses reflected flavonoid accumulation in Pr related to brassinosteroid (BR) and auxin metabolism. The results of this study elucidate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in D. officinale.
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Koudoufio M, Desjardins Y, Feldman F, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Insight into Polyphenol and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Are Their Metabolites the Key to Understand Protective Effects against Metabolic Disorders? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E982. [PMID: 33066106 PMCID: PMC7601951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, especially diet and nutrition, are currently regarded as essential avenues to decrease modern-day cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many groups around the world attribute these trends, at least partially, to bioactive plant polyphenols given their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In fact, polyphenols can prevent or reverse the progression of disease processes through many distinct mechanisms. In particular, the crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota, recently unveiled thanks to DNA-based tools and next generation sequencing, unravelled the central regulatory role of dietary polyphenols and their intestinal micro-ecology metabolites on the host energy metabolism and related illnesses. The objectives of this review are to: (1) provide an understanding of classification, structure, and bioavailability of dietary polyphenols; (2) underline their metabolism by gut microbiota; (3) highlight their prebiotic effects on microflora; (4) discuss the multifaceted roles of their metabolites in CMD while shedding light on the mechanisms of action; and (5) underscore their ability to initiate host epigenetic regulation. In sum, the review clearly documents whether dietary polyphenols and micro-ecology favorably interact to promote multiple physiological functions on human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Semwogerere F, Katiyatiya CLF, Chikwanha OC, Marufu MC, Mapiye C. Bioavailability and Bioefficacy of Hemp By-Products in Ruminant Meat Production and Preservation: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:572906. [PMID: 33102571 PMCID: PMC7545362 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.572906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant by-products obtained from agro-industrial processes require valorisation to demonstrate their potential for enhancing animal health, meat production, and shelf life extension. One example is the fast-growing hemp industry, which produces seeds, leaves, seed oil, and cake. Studies on the nutritional value of hempseed cake have shown it can be a valuable source of protein in ruminant diets. However, there is limited documentation on the bioavailability and bioefficacy of hemp phytochemicals for improving ruminant health, production, and extending meat shelf life. The current review provides an overview of existing information on nutrient and phytochemical composition of hemp by-products, their bioavailability, and bioefficacy, and explores current limitations and prospects regarding their valorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Semwogerere
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Chenaimoyo L F Katiyatiya
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Obert C Chikwanha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi C Marufu
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 92019, New Zealand.
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