1
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Zuo Q, Xu DQ, Yue SJ, Fu RJ, Tang YP. Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications of Cinobufacini. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:366-378. [PMID: 38212503 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Chinese medicine cinobufacini is an extract from the dried skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor, with active ingredients of bufadienolides and indole alkaloids. With further research and clinical applications, it is found that cinobufacini alone or in combination with other therapeutic methods can play an anti-tumor role by controlling proliferation of tumor cells, promoting apoptosis, inhibiting formation of tumor neovascularization, reversing multidrug resistance, and regulating immune response; it also has the functions of relieving cancer pain and regulating immune function. In this paper, the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, and adverse reactions of cinobufacini are summarized. However, the extraction of monomer components of cinobufacini, the relationship between different mechanisms, and the causes of adverse reactions need to be further studied. Also, high-quality clinical studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
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Vitale GA, January GG, Oppong-Danquah E, Della Sala G, Palma Esposito F, Tasdemir D, de Pascale D. A metabologenomics approach to unlock the metabolome of the novel Antarctic deep-sea isolate Lacinutrix shetlandiensis sp. nov. WUR7. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad221. [PMID: 37448956 PMCID: PMC10337856 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The South Shetland Trough, Antarctica, is an underexplored region for microbiological and biotechnological exploitation. Herein, we describe the isolation and characterization of the novel bacterium Lacinutrix shetlandiensis sp. nov. WUR7 from a deep-sea environment. We explored its chemical diversity via a metabologenomics approach, wherein the OSMAC strategy was strategically employed to upregulate cryptic genes for secondary metabolite production. Based on hybrid de novo whole genome sequencing and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, isolate WUR7 was identified as a novel species from the Gram-negative genus Lacinutrix. Its genome was mined for the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters with limited results. However, extensive investigation of its metabolism uncovered an unusual tryptophan decarboxylase with high sequence homology and conserved structure of the active site as compared to ZP_02040762, a highly specific tryptophan decarboxylase from Ruminococcus gnavus. Therefore, WUR7's metabolism was directed toward indole-based alkaloid biosynthesis by feeding it with L-tryptophan. As expected, its metabolome profile changed dramatically, by triggering the extracellular accumulation of a massive array of metabolites unexpressed in the absence of tryptophan. Untargeted LC-MS/MS coupled with molecular networking, followed along with chemoinformatic dereplication, allowed for the annotation of 10 indole alkaloids, belonging to β-carboline, bisindole, and monoindole classes, alongside several unknown alkaloids. These findings guided us to the isolation of a new natural bisindole alkaloid 8,9-dihydrocoscinamide B (1), as the first alkaloid from the genus Lacinutrix, whose structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESIMS experiments. This comprehensive strategy allowed us to unlock the previously unexploited metabolome of L. shetlandiensis sp. nov. WUR7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernest Oppong-Danquah
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany
| | | | - Fortunato Palma Esposito
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Giardini Molosiglio, Via F.A. Acton 55, 80133, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany
- Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, Kiel 24118, Germany
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3
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Sun H, Chen M, He X, Sun Y, Feng J, Guo X, Li L, Zhu J, Xia G, Zang H. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of Plagiorhegma dubia Maxim as a medicinal crop for diabetes treatment. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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Carlier J, Malaca S, Huestis MA, Tagliabracci A, Tini A, Busardò FP. Biomarkers of 4-hydroxy- N,N-methylpropyltryptamine (4-OH-MPT) intake identified from human hepatocyte incubations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:831-840. [PMID: 36609205 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2166826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4-Hydroxy-N,N-methylpropyltryptamine (4-OH-MPT) is a psychedelic tryptamine whose use is regulated in several countries. Due to unspecific effects, consumption can be ascertained only through toxicological analyses. However, the trace amounts of tryptamines are usually challenging to detect in biological samples. 4-OH-MPT metabolism was characterized to identify optimal metabolite markers of intake in clinical/forensic toxicology. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 4-OH-MPT was incubated with 10-donor-pooled human hepatocytes to simulate in vivo conditions; samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), and data were processed with Compound Discoverer from Thermo Scientific. LC-HRMS/MS and data mining were supported by in silico metabolite predictions (GLORYx). RESULTS Three phase I and four phase II metabolites were identified, including N-oxidation and N-demethylation at the alkylamine chain, and O-glucuronidation and sulfation at the hydroxylindole core. CONCLUSIONS 4-OH-MPT metabolic fate was consistent with the human metabolism of tryptamine analogues: we suggest 4-OH-MPT-N-oxide and 4-hydroxy-N,N-propyltryptamine (4-OH-PT) as metabolite biomarkers of 4-OH-MPT consumption after glucuronide/sulfate hydrolysis in biological samples to improve detection of 4-OH-MPT and phase I metabolites; 4-OH-MPT-glucuronide is suggested as an additional biomarker when hydrolysis is not performed. Further research on the metabolism of structural analogues is necessary to evaluate the specificity of 4-OH-MPT metabolite biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Carlier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Unit of Forensic Toxicology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Malaca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Unit of Forensic Toxicology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Unit of Forensic Toxicology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anastasio Tini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Unit of Forensic Toxicology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco P Busardò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Unit of Forensic Toxicology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Burgos-Edwards A, Rojas de Arias A, López-Torres C, Palominos C, Fuentes-Retamal S, Herrera Y, Dubois-Camacho K, Urra FA. A paraguayan toad Rhinella schneideri preparation based on Mbya tradition increases mitochondrial bioenergetics with migrastatic effects dependent on AMPK in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115344. [PMID: 35526731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Paraguay, healers from the Mbya culture treat cancer with a recipe prepared with the native toad Rhinella schneideri. However, the chemical composition and biological effects of the recipe remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim is to determine the composition of the traditional preparation made using the toad R. schneideri and to evaluate its effect on human breast cancer (BC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolites contained in the preparation were concentrated using XAD-7 resin, and the concentrate was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The effect of the preparation was assessed in normal (MCF10F) and BC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7). The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cell cycle progression were determined by flow cytometry. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured by Clark electrode, and fibronectin-dependent migration in normoxia and hypoxia-like conditions were evaluated by transwell assay. RESULTS From the Amberlite-retained extract from the preparation, 24 compounds were identified, including alkaloids, amino acids, bufadienolides, and flavonoids, among others. The crude extract (CE) did not affect cell cycle progression and viability of BC cell lines. Moreover, it did not make cancer cells more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapeutics doxorubicin and teniposide. On the other hand, the CE reduced the menadione-induced ROS production and increased NADH, Δψm, and the OCR. Respiratory complexes I and III as well as ATP synthase levels were increased in an AMPK-dependent manner. Moreover, the CE inhibited the migration of BC cells in normoxia and a hypoxia-like condition using CoCl2 as a HIF1α-stabilizing agent. This latter effect involved an AMPK-dependent reduction of HIF1α levels. CONCLUSIONS The Paraguayan toad recipe contains metabolites from the toad ingredient, including alkaloids and bufadienolide derivatives. The CE lacks cytotoxic effects alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics. However, it increases mitochondrial bioenergetics and inhibits the cancer cell migration in an AMPK-dependent manner in BC cells. This is the first report of the in vitro anticancer effect of a traditional Rhinella sp. toad preparation based on Mbya tradition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, 3460000, Chile.
| | - Alberto Burgos-Edwards
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, 3460000, Chile; Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus San Lorenzo, P.O. Box 1055, Paraguay
| | - Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvira 635 entre 15 de Agosto y O' Leary, Barrio La Encarnación, Asunción, Código Postal 1255, Paraguay
| | - Camila López-Torres
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Charlotte Palominos
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Fuentes-Retamal
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yarela Herrera
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Dubois-Camacho
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile.
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Wei W, Liu S, Han Y, Lu S, Yan G, Sun H, Wang X. Rapid identification of chemical components in Zhizi Baipi decoction by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with a novel informatics UNIFI platform. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3679-3690. [PMID: 35943222 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Zhizi Baipi Decoction is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of jaundice and various liver diseases. The chemical components of Zhizi baipi decoction were not clear resulting from the paucity of relevant studies, which hindered the elucidation of the pharmacological mechanism, the comprehensive development and utilization of Zhizi baipi decoction in clinical. In this study, ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry combined with UNIFI natural product information analysis platform was used to rapidly analyze and identify the chemical components in Zhizi baipi decoction. A total of 122 chemical components, including 53 flavonoids, 16 alkaloids, 25 terpenoids, 5 phenylpropanoids, 14 organic acids, and 7 others, were identified from Zhizi baipi decoction. These compounds may be the active components of Zhizi baipi decoction. The method established in this study can systematically, rapidly, and accurately resolve the chemical components in Zhizi baipi decoction, which lays the foundation for further establishment of the pharmacodynamic substance basis and quality control of Zhizi baipi decoction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wei
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shaobo Liu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shengwen Lu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
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Human Hepatocyte 4-Acetoxy-N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine Metabolite Profiling by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080705. [PMID: 36005577 PMCID: PMC9413566 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptamine intoxications and fatalities are increasing, although these novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are not controlled in most countries. There are few data on the metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in tryptamine biotransformation. 4-acetoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-AcO-DiPT) is a synthetic tryptamine related to 4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-OH-DiPT), 4-acetyloxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine (4-AcO-DPT), and 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT). The aim of this study was to determine the best 4-AcO-DiPT metabolites to identify 4-AcO-DiPT consumption through human hepatocyte metabolism and high-resolution mass spectrometry. 4-AcO-DiPT metabolites were predicted in silico with GLORYx freeware to assist in metabolite identification. 4-AcO-DiPT was incubated with 10-donor-pooled human hepatocytes and sample analysis was performed with reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) in positive- and negative-ion modes. Software-assisted LC-HRMS/MS raw data mining was performed. A total of 47 phase I and II metabolites were predicted, and six metabolites were identified after 3 h incubation following ester hydrolysis, O-glucuronidation, O-sulfation, N-oxidation, and N-dealkylation. All second-generation metabolites were derived from the only first-generation metabolite detected after ester hydrolysis (4-OH-DiPT). The metabolite with the second-most-intense signal was 4-OH-iPT-sulfate followed by 4-OH-DiPT-glucuronide, indicating that glucuronidation and sulfation are common in this tryptamine’s metabolic pathway. 4-OH-DiPT, 4-OH-iPT, and 4-OH-DiPT-N-oxide are suggested as optimal biomarkers to identify 4-AcO-DiPT consumption.
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Han ND, Cheng J, Delannoy-Bruno O, Webber D, Terrapon N, Henrissat B, Rodionov DA, Arzamasov AA, Osterman AL, Hayashi DK, Meynier A, Vinoy S, Desai C, Marion S, Barratt MJ, Heath AC, Gordon JI. Microbial liberation of N-methylserotonin from orange fiber in gnotobiotic mice and humans. Cell 2022; 185:2495-2509.e11. [PMID: 35764090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant fibers in byproduct streams produced by non-harsh food processing methods represent biorepositories of diverse, naturally occurring, and physiologically active biomolecules. To demonstrate one approach for their characterization, mass spectrometry of intestinal contents from gnotobiotic mice, plus in vitro studies, revealed liberation of N-methylserotonin from orange fibers by human gut microbiota members including Bacteroides ovatus. Functional genomic analyses of B. ovatus strains grown under permissive and non-permissive N-methylserotonin "mining" conditions revealed polysaccharide utilization loci that target pectins whose expression correlate with strain-specific liberation of this compound. N-methylserotonin, orally administered to germ-free mice, reduced adiposity, altered liver glycogenesis, shortened gut transit time, and changed expression of genes that regulate circadian rhythm in the liver and colon. In human studies, dose-dependent, orange-fiber-specific fecal accumulation of N-methylserotonin positively correlated with levels of microbiome genes encoding enzymes that digest pectic glycans. Identifying this type of microbial mining activity has potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Han
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiye Cheng
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Omar Delannoy-Bruno
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Webber
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chandani Desai
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stacey Marion
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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An integrated strategy to delineate the chemical and dynamic metabolic profile of Huachansu tablets in rat plasma based on UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MSE. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 218:114866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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NEERATI P, MUNIGADAPA S. Novel Indole Derivative as the First P-glycoprotein Inhibitor from the Skin of Indian Toad <i>(Bufo melanostictus)</i>. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:63-69. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.47417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Lan Y, He L, Dong X, Tang R, Li W, Wang J, Wang L, Yue B, Price M, Guo T, Fan Z. Comparative transcriptomes of three different skin sites for the Asiatic toad ( Bufo gargarizans). PeerJ 2022; 10:e12993. [PMID: 35223212 PMCID: PMC8877344 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toads release toxic dry secretions from glands in their skin. Toxin possesses a wide range of biological effects, but little is known about its specific gene expression pattern and regulatory mechanisms. The Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) is widely used to produce toxin. Here, we explored the gene expression of 30 tissue samples from three different skin sites (parotoid gland, dorsal skin, and abdomen skin) of B. gargarizans. After de novo assembly, 783,130 unigenes with an average length of 489 bp (N50 = 556 bp) were obtained. A total of 9,248 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. There were 8,819 DEGs between the parotoid gland and abdomen skin and 1,299 DEGs between the dorsal skin and abdomen skin, while only 1,283 DEGs were obtained between the parotoid gland and dorsal skin. Through enrichment analysis, it was found that the detected differential gene expressions corresponded to the different functions of different skin sites. Our key findings were the genetic expression of toxin secretion, the protection function of skin, and the related genes such as HSD3B, Cyp2c, and CAT, LGALS9. In conclusion, we provide useful transcript resources to study the gene expression and gene function of B. gargarizans and other amphibians. The detected DEGs between different sites of the skin provided better insights into the genetic mechanisms of toxin secretion and the protection function of skin for amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lewei He
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Ambulatory surgery, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixiang Tang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Megan Price
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, kChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 2A receptor is most well known as the common target for classic psychedelic compounds. Interestingly, the 5-HT2A receptor is the most widely expressed mammalian serotonin receptor and is found in nearly every examined tissue type including neural, endocrine, endothelial, immune, and muscle, suggesting it could be a novel and pharmacological target for several types of disorders. Despite this, the bulk of research on the 5-HT2A receptor is focused on its role in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, activation of 5-HT2A receptors has emerged as a new anti-inflammatory strategy. This review will describe recent findings regarding psychedelics as anti-inflammatory compounds, as well as parse out differences in functional selectivity and immune regulation that exist between a number of well-known hallucinogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Charles D Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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A target lipidomics approach to investigate the acute inflammatory irritation induced by indolealkylamines from Chansu water fraction in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:856-867. [PMID: 34844724 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chansu has demonstrated adverse reactions in clinical settings, which is associated with its toxicity and limits its clinical applications. But there are methodological limitations for drug safety evaluation. In the current study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, lipidomic profiling, and molecular docking were used to systemically assess Chansu-induced acute inflammatory irritation and further identify the underlying drug targets. Compared with the EtOAc extract, Chansu water fraction containing indolealkylamines caused acute inflammatory irritation in rats, including acute pain (spontaneous raising foot reaction), and inflammation (paw edema). At the molecular level, lipids analysis revealed significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators of the COX and LOX pathways. However, anti-inflammatory mediators from the CYP 450, ALA, and DHA pathways markedly decreased after exposure to Chansu water fraction. Moreover, four indolealkylamines from Chansu showed a high theoretical affinity to a known irritation target, 5-HT2AR. These results suggest that Chansu-induced inflammatory irritation is related to the distinct dysregulation of inflammatory lipids, and peripheral 5-HT2AR is a potential target for irritation therapy. The strategy used in this study can be a crucial approach in the safety evaluation of natural medicinal substances.
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Zhang Y, Yuan B, Bian B, Zhao H, Kiyomi A, Hayashi H, Iwatani Y, Sugiura M, Takagi N. Cytotoxic Effects of Hellebrigenin and Arenobufagin Against Human Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711220. [PMID: 34513690 PMCID: PMC8427765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new therapeutic strategies for breast cancer is urgently needed due to the sustained emergence of drug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis. To gain a novel insight into therapeutic approaches to fight against breast cancer, the cytocidal effects of hellebrigenin (Helle) and arenobufagin (Areno) were investigated in human estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Helle exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than Areno in both cancer cells, and MCF-7 cells were more susceptible to both drugs in comparison with MDA-MB-231 cells. Apoptotic-like morphological characteristics, along with the downregulation of the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and the upregulation of the expression level of Bad, were observed in Helle-treated MCF-7 cells. Helle also caused the activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, along with the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in MCF-7 cells. Helle-mediated necrosis-like phenotype, as evidenced by the increased propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells was further observed. G2/M cell cycle arrest was also induced by Helle in the cells. Upregulation of the expression level of p21 and downregulation of the expression level of cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cdc25C and survivin were observed in MCF-7 cells treated with Helle and occurred in parallel with G2/M arrest. Autophagy was triggered in MCF-7 cells and the addition of wortmannin or 3-MA, two well-known autophagy inhibitors, slightly but significantly rescued the cells. Furthermore, similar alterations of some key molecules associated with the aforementioned biological phenomena were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells. Intriguingly, the numbers of PI-positive cells in Helle-treated MCF-7 cells were significantly reduced by wortmannin and 3-MA, respectively. In addition, Helle-triggered G2/M arrest was significantly corrected by wortmannin, suggesting autophagy induction contributed to Helle-induced cytotoxicity of breast cancer cells by modulating necrosis and cell cycle arrest. Collectively, our results suggested potential usefulness of both Helle and Areno in developing therapeutic strategies to treat patients with different types of breast cancer, especially ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anna Kiyomi
- Department of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Yui Iwatani
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Munetoshi Sugiura
- Department of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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Wang J, Xu D, Shen L, Zhou J, Lv X, Ma H, Li N, Wu Q, Duan J. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of bufotenine through inhibiting lipid metabolism pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111749. [PMID: 34058437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a primary defense and immune response. However, under pathological conditions, the inflammation processes always become uncontrolled and lead to chronic diseases. Bufotenine, as a natural component from toad venom, showed great potential for development as a novel anti-inflammation and analgesia agent. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of bufotenine against inflammation and pain on animal models with a focus on lipid metabolism. In pharmacological studies, bufotenine significantly inhibited the swelling rates on formalin-induced paw edema model, and increased paw withdrawal mechanical thresholds (PWMTs) in von Frey test and thermal pain thresholds (TPTs) in hot-plate test. High-sensitivity lipidomics analysis revealed the effects might be related to the down-regulation of inflammatory mediators from cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), linoleic acid (LA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other pathways. The activities might result from the binding of bufotenine and its receptors, including sigma-1 receptor and 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A, thus regulating lipid metabolism pathway. The research provided a systemic evidence for the actions and mechanism of bufotenine. It suggested that the natural compound might be a potential candidate for reducing inflammatory pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dihui Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Nianguang Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Kong WS, Shen FX, Xie RF, Zhou G, Feng YM, Zhou X. Bufothionine induces autophagy in H22 hepatoma-bearing mice by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway, a possible anti-cancer mechanism of cinobufacini. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113848. [PMID: 33485977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cinobufacini is extracted from the skins and parotid venom glands of the toad for treating symptoms like swelling and pain in ancient times. Nowadays, cinobifucini injection has also achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. AIM OF THE STUDY Our previous work found that bufothionine, an alkaloid abundant in cinobufacini injection, induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In this work, the underlying effects of bufothionine on autophagy in HCC and its possible dependent pathway were investigated. METHODS CCK-8 and Hoechst staining assays were performed to verify effects of drugs on proliferation and apoptosis of SMMC7721 cell. H22-tumor-bearing mice model was established by inoculating ascites fluid. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in liver and tumor tissues. ELISA and Western blot experiments were conducted to investigate IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The effects of drugs on expressions of autophagic relative proteins were investigated by Western blot in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In vitro, CCK-8 and Hoechst staining assays showed that bufothionine inhibited SMMC7721 cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis at 100 μM. In vivo, bufothionine relieved symptoms of H22-tumor-bearing mice and exerted anti-inflammation activity. ELISA and Western blot demonstrated that bufothionine significantly reduced serum IL-6 concentration, suppressed p-Stat3tyr705, p-Stat3ser727 and Jak2 expressions in tumor tissues and upregulated Atg5, Atg7 and LC3Ⅱ expressions in SMMC7721 cell and H22 tumor. CONCLUSION This is the first report showing that bufothionine might induce autophagy in HCC by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway, presenting a possible anti-cancer mechanism of bufothionine in cinobufacini injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Song Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang-Xue Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rui-Fang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Ming Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Xu D, Wang J, Chen W, Yang X, Zhou J, Ma H, Di L, Duan J. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of indolealkylamines from toad venom in mice using lipidomics and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113677. [PMID: 33321188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Toad venom is one of widely used traditional Chinese medicines due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, hydrophilic alkaloids from toad venom, which may have certain pharmacological activities, have not been systematic studied. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to identify the indolealkylamines (IAAs) from toad venom and investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The alkaloids were extracted and identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The analgesic abilities were determined using hot-plate test, formalin test and von Frey test. High-sensitivity lipidomics was used to investigate the regulatory function of IAAs on inflammatory eicosanoids. Besides, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to demonstrate the candidate targets of IAAs. RESULTS 22 constituents have been characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-Triple TOF 5600, including six specific IAAs (serotonin, N-methyl serotonin, bufotenine, bufotenidine, bufothionine and dehydrobufotenine). Pharmacological studies showed that the IAAs from toad venom exerted significant analgesic activities at doses of 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg in vivo. Moreover, lipids analysis revealed IAAs might down-regulate inflammatory mediators from COX, LOX, DHA and LA pathways in formalin models, thus showing anti-inflammatory effect. The potent pharmacological function might because of the binding of IAAs and protein targets, such as sigma-1 receptor. CONCLUSION The studies provided a systemic evidence for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of IAAs from toad venom. It suggested that IAAs might be a potential candidate to reduce inflammatory pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihui Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wuyue Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Liuqing Di
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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The effect of salt stress on the production of apocarotenoids and the expression of genes related to their biosynthesis in saffron. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1707-1715. [PMID: 33611780 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Saffron stigmas are widely used as food additives and as traditional medicine in Iran and many other countries. The unique taste, flavor and pharmaceutical properties of saffron stigmas are due to the presence of three apocarotenoids secondary metabolites crocin, picrocrocin and safranal. There is limited knowledge about the effect of environmental stresses on the metabolism of apocarotenoids in saffron. We analyzed the content of crocin and picrocrocin and the expression of key genes of apocarotenoid biosynthesis pathways (CsCCD2, CsCCD4, CsUGT2, CsCHY-β and CsLCYB) in saffron plants exposed to moderate (90 mM) and high (150 mM) salt (NaCl) concentrations. Measuring ion concentrations in leaves showed an increased accumulation of Na+ and decreased uptake of K+ in salt treated compared to control plants indicating an effective salt stress. HPLC analysis of apocarotenoids revealed that crocin production was significantly halted (P < 0.05) with increasing salt concentration while picrocrocin level did not change with moderate salt but significantly dropped by high salt concentration. Real-time PCR analysis revealed a progressive decrease in transcript levels of CsUGT2 and CsLCYB genes with increasing salt concentration (P < 0.05). The expression of CsCCD2 and CsCHY-β tolerated moderate salt concentration but significantly downregulated with high salt concentration. CsCCD4 however responded differently to salt concentration being decreased with moderate salt but increased at higher salt concentration. Our result suggested that salt stress had an adverse effect on the production of saffron apocarotenoids and it is likely influencing the quality of saffron stigma produced.
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Leal A, Karnopp E, Barreto YC, Oliveira RS, Rosa ME, Borges BT, Goulart FL, de Souza VQ, Laikowski MM, Moura S, Vinadé L, da Rocha JBT, Dal Belo CA. The Insecticidal Activity of Rhinella schneideri (Werner, 1894) Paratoid Secretion in Nauphoeta cinerea Cocroaches. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100630. [PMID: 33019552 PMCID: PMC7601029 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinella schneideri is a common toad found in South America, whose paratoid toxic secretion has never been explored as an insecticide. In order to evaluate its insecticidal potential, Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches were used as an experimental model in biochemical, physiological and behavioral procedures. Lethality assays with Rhinella schneideri paratoid secretion (RSPS) determined the LD50 value after 24 h (58.07µg/g) and 48 h exposure (44.07 µg/g) (R2 = 0.882 and 0.954, respectively). Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) after RSPS at its highest dose promoted an enzyme inhibition of 40%, a similar effect observed with neostigmine administration (p < 0.001, n= 5). Insect locomotion recordings revealed that RSPS decreased the distance traveled by up to 37% with a concomitant 85% increase in immobile episodes (p < 0.001, n = 36). RSPS added to in vivo cockroach semi-isolated heart preparation promoted an irreversible and dose dependent decrease in heart rate, showing a complete failure after 30 min recording (p < 0.001, n ≥ 6). In addition, RSPS into nerve-muscle preparations induced a dose-dependent neuromuscular blockade, reaching a total blockage at 70 min at the highest dose applied (p < 0.001, n ≥ 6). The effect of RSPS on spontaneous sensorial action potentials was characterized by an increase in the number of spikes 61% (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, there was 42% decrease in the mean area of those potentials (p < 0.05, n ≥ 6). The results obtained here highlight the potential insecticidal relevance of RSPS and its potential biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Leal
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil;
| | - Etiely Karnopp
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Yuri Correia Barreto
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Raquel Soares Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Maria Eduarda Rosa
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Bruna Trindade Borges
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Flávia Luana Goulart
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Velci Queiróz de Souza
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Manuela Merlin Laikowski
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul RS 95070-560, Brazil; (M.M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul RS 95070-560, Brazil; (M.M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Lúcia Vinadé
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil;
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, LANETOX, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel RS 97307-020, Brazil; (A.L.); (E.K.); (Y.C.B.); (R.S.O.); (M.E.R.); (B.T.B.); (F.L.G.); (V.Q.d.S.); (L.V.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090608. [PMID: 32971938 PMCID: PMC7551750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Rhinella sp. toads produce bioactive substances, some species have been used in traditional medicine and magical practices by ancient cultures in Peru. During several decades, the Rhinella horribilis toad was confused with the invasive toad Rhinella marina, a species documented with extensive toxinological studies. In contrast, the chemical composition and biological effects of the parotoid gland secretions (PGS) remain still unknown for R. horribilis. In this work, we determine for the first time 55 compounds from the PGS of R. horribilis, which were identified using HPLC-MS/MS. The crude extract inhibited the proliferation of A549 cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.031 ± 0.007 and 0.015 ± 0.001 µg/mL at 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Moreover, it inhibited the clonogenic capacity, increased ROS levels, and prevented the etoposide-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the effect of R. horribilis poison secretion was by cell cycle blocking before of G2/M-phase checkpoint. Fraction B was the most active and strongly inhibited cancer cell migration. Our results indicate that the PGS of R. horribilis are composed of alkaloids, bufadienolides, and argininyl diacids derivatives, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.
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Oliveira RS, Borges BT, Leal AP, Lailowski MM, Bordon KDCF, de Souza VQ, Vinadé L, dos Santos TG, Hyslop S, Moura S, Arantes EC, Corrado AP, Dal Belo CA. Chemical and Pharmacological Screening of Rhinella icterica (Spix 1824) Toad Parotoid Secretion in Avian Preparations. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E396. [PMID: 32549266 PMCID: PMC7354542 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of Rhinella icterica parotoid secretion (RIPS) and some of its chromatographic fractions (RI18, RI19, RI23, and RI24) was evaluated in the current study. Mass spectrometry of these fractions indicated the presence of sarmentogenin, argentinogenin, (5β,12β)-12,14-dihydroxy-11-oxobufa-3,20,22-trienolide, marinobufagin, bufogenin B, 11α,19-dihydroxy-telocinobufagin, bufotalin, monohydroxylbufotalin, 19-oxo-cinobufagin, 3α,12β,25,26-tetrahydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholestane-26-O-sulfate, and cinobufagin-3-hemisuberate that were identified as alkaloid and steroid compounds, in addition to marinoic acid and N-methyl-5-hydroxy-tryptamine. In chick brain slices, all fractions caused a slight decrease in cell viability, as also seen with the highest concentration of RIPS tested. In chick biventer cervicis neuromuscular preparations, RIPS and all four fractions significantly inhibited junctional acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In this preparation, only fraction RI23 completely mimicked the pharmacological profile of RIPS, which included a transient facilitation in the amplitude of muscle twitches followed by progressive and complete neuromuscular blockade. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that RI23 consisted predominantly of bufogenins, a class of steroidal compounds known for their cardiotonic activity mediated by a digoxin- or ouabain-like action and the blockade of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels. These findings indicate that the pharmacological activities of RI23 (and RIPS) are probably mediated by: (1) inhibition of AChE activity that increases the junctional content of Ach; (2) inhibition of neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase, leading to facilitation followed by neuromuscular blockade; and (3) blockade of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, leading to stabilization of the motor endplate membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Soares Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
| | - Bruna Trindade Borges
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
| | - Allan Pinto Leal
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Manuela Merlin Lailowski
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul RS 95070-560, Brazil; (M.M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto SP 14.040-903, Brazil; (K.d.C.F.B.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Velci Queiróz de Souza
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
| | - Lúcia Vinadé
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
| | - Tiago Gomes dos Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Biodiversidade Pampiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil;
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul RS 95070-560, Brazil; (M.M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto SP 14.040-903, Brazil; (K.d.C.F.B.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Alexandre Pinto Corrado
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-030, Brazil;
| | - Cháriston A. Dal Belo
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Distribution of major toxins in Rhinella marina parotoid macroglands using Desorption-Electrospray-Ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). Toxicon X 2020; 6:100033. [PMID: 32550588 PMCID: PMC7286094 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian cutaneous glands secrete toxins used in different vital functions including passive defense. Through Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Imaging we analyzed the distribution of the major toxins of the toad Rhinella marina parotoid macroglands. Alkaloids and steroids showed characteristic distribution and intensity within the glands and were also present at lower levels on the skin surface. A comprehensive overview of toxins distribution in toads’ skin might help to understand their full biological role within the amphibians. Amphibians possess granular glands associated to chemical defense. Actual tissue distribution of toads' toxins remains unknown. We have pinpointed some toad toxins in the parotoid macroglands. Alkaloids are distributed throughout the gland; whereas steroids are peripheral. Toxins are stored within the macrogland, presenting large concentration variation.
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