1
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Guo D, Liao Y, Na J, Wu L, Yin Y, Mi Z, Fang S, Liu X, Huang Y. The Involvement of Ascorbic Acid in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2295. [PMID: 38792156 PMCID: PMC11123810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC), also known as ascorbic acid, plays a crucial role as a water-soluble nutrient within the human body, contributing to a variety of metabolic processes. Research findings suggest that increased doses of VC demonstrate potential anti-tumor capabilities. This review delves into the mechanisms of VC absorption and its implications for cancer management. Building upon these foundational insights, we explore modern delivery systems for VC, evaluating its use in diverse cancer treatment methods. These include starvation therapy, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT), electrothermal therapy, immunotherapy, cellular reprogramming, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and various combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (D.G.); (Y.L.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (D.G.); (Y.L.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.M.); (S.F.)
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2
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Liu Y, Li X, Yang J, Chen S, Zhu C, Shi Y, Dang S, Zhang W, Li W. Pan-cancer analysis of SLC2A family genes as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29655. [PMID: 38655365 PMCID: PMC11036058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The major facilitator superfamily glucose transporters (GLUTs), encoded by solute carrier 2A (SLC2A) genes, mediate the transmembrane movement and uptake of glucose. To satisfy the improved energy demands, glycolysis flux is increased in cancers compared with healthy tissues. Multiple diseases, including cancer, have been associated with GLUTs. Nevertheless, not much research has been done on the functions of SLC2As in pan-cancer prognosis or their clinical treatment potential. Methods The SLC2A family genes' level of expression and prognostic values were analyzed in relation to pan-cancer. We then examined the association among SLC2As expression and TME, Stemness score, clinical characteristics, immune subtypes, and drug sensitivity. We merged bioinformatics analysis techniques with up-to-date public databases. Additionally, SLC2As from the KOBAS database were subjected to enrichment analysis. Results We discovered that SLC2As' gene expression differed significantly between normal tissues and many malignancies. A number of tumors from various databases demonstrate a relationship between prognosis and SLC2A family gene expression. For instance, SLC2A2 and SLC2A5 were associated with the overall survival (OS) of hepatocellular carcinoma. SLC2A1 was associated with the OS of lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the SLC2A family gene expression is significantly correlated with the pan-cancer stromal and immune scores, and the RNA and DNA stemness scores. Furthermore, we found that the majority of SLC2As had a strong correlation with the tumor stages in KIRC. The immunological subtypes and all members of the SLC2A gene family exhibited a substantial correlation. Moreover, pathways containing insulin resistance and adipocytokine signaling pathway may influence the progression of some cancers. Finally, there is a significant positive or negative connection between drug sensitivity and SLC2A1 expression. Conclusion Our research highlights the significant promise of SLC2As as prognostic indicators and offers insightful approaches for upcoming exploration of SLC2As as putative therapeutic targets in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changyu Zhu
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoutao Dang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Mangione R, Giallongo C, Duminuco A, La Spina E, Longhitano L, Giallongo S, Tibullo D, Lazzarino G, Saab MW, Sbriglione A, Palumbo GA, Graziani A, Alanazi AM, Di Pietro V, Tavazzi B, Amorini AM, Lazzarino G. Targeted Metabolomics Highlights Dramatic Antioxidant Depletion, Increased Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Altered Purine and Pyrimidine Concentrations in Serum of Primary Myelofibrosis Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:490. [PMID: 38671937 PMCID: PMC11047794 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, little is known concerning the circulating levels of biochemically relevant metabolites (antioxidants, oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, purines, and pyrimidines) in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF), a rare form of myeloproliferative tumor causing a dramatic decrease in erythropoiesis and angiogenesis. In this study, using a targeted metabolomic approach, serum samples of 22 PMF patients and of 22 control healthy donors were analyzed to quantify the circulating concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid (as representative purines), uracil, β-pseudouridine, uridine (as representative pyrimidines), reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (as two of the main water-soluble antioxidants), malondialdehyde, nitrite, nitrate (as oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers) and creatinine, using well-established HPLC method for their determination. Results showed that PMF patients have dramatic depletions of both ascorbic acid and GSH (37.3- and 3.81-times lower circulating concentrations, respectively, than those recorded in healthy controls, p < 0.0001), accompanied by significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite + nitrate (4.73- and 1.66-times higher circulating concentrations, respectively, than those recorded in healthy controls, p < 0.0001). Additionally, PMF patients have remarkable alterations of circulating purines, pyrimidines, and creatinine, suggesting potential mitochondrial dysfunctions causing energy metabolism imbalance and consequent increases in these cell energy-related compounds. Overall, these results, besides evidencing previously unknown serum metabolic alterations in PMF patients, suggest that the determination of serum levels of the aforementioned compounds may be useful to evaluate PMF patients on hospital admission for adjunctive therapies aimed at recovering their correct antioxidant status, as well as to monitor patients' status and potential pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mangione
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Division of Hematology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.G.); (S.G.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Andrea Duminuco
- Hematology Unit with BMT, A.O.U. Policlinico “G.Rodolico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Enrico La Spina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.L.S.); (L.L.); (D.T.); (G.L.); (M.W.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Lucia Longhitano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.L.S.); (L.L.); (D.T.); (G.L.); (M.W.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Division of Hematology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.G.); (S.G.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.L.S.); (L.L.); (D.T.); (G.L.); (M.W.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.L.S.); (L.L.); (D.T.); (G.L.); (M.W.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Miriam Wissam Saab
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.L.S.); (L.L.); (D.T.); (G.L.); (M.W.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Arianna Sbriglione
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.L.S.); (L.L.); (D.T.); (G.L.); (M.W.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe A. Palumbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Division of Hematology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.G.); (S.G.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.L.S.); (L.L.); (D.T.); (G.L.); (M.W.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.L.)
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Sang R, Yu X, Xia H, Qian X, Yong J, Xu Y, Sun Y, Yao Y, Zhou J, Zhuo S. NT5DC2 knockdown suppresses progression, glycolysis, and neuropathic pain in triple-negative breast cancer by blocking the EGFR pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:785-796. [PMID: 38289126 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an exceptionally aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with neuropathic pain. This study explores the effects of 5'-nucleotidase domain-containing protein 2 (NT5DC2) on the progression of TNBC and neuropathic pain. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in TNBC and the pathways involved. Gain- and loss-of-function assays of NT5DC2 were performed in TNBC cells, followed by detection of the extracellular acidification rate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, lactic acid production, glucose uptake, proliferation, migration, and invasion in TNBC cells. Macrophages were co-cultured with TNBC cells to examine the release of polarization-related factors and cytokines. A xenograft tumor model was established for in vivo validation. In addition, a mouse model of neuropathic pain was established through subepineural injection of TNBC cells, followed by measurement of the sciatic functional index and behavioral analysis to assess neuropathic pain. NT5DC2 was upregulated in TNBC and was positively correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). NT5DC2 interacted with EGFR to promote downstream signal transduction in TNBC cells. NT5DC2 knockdown diminished proliferation, migration, invasion, the extracellular acidification rate, ATP levels, lactic acid production, and glucose uptake in TNBC cells. Co-culture with NT5DC2-knockdown TNBC cells alleviated the M2 polarization of macrophages. Furthermore, NT5DC2 knockdown reduced tumor growth and neuropathic pain in mice. Importantly, activation of the EGFR pathway counteracted the effects of NT5DC2 knockdown. NT5DC2 knockdown protected against TNBC progression and neuropathic pain by inactivating the EGFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sang
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Han Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Qian
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Yong
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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5
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Farhan K, Tariq MB, Saddiq A, Mansoor M, Ahmed A, Mohammed AS. From Antioxidant to Anticancer is Vitamin C Effective in Colorectal Cancer? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1107-1108. [PMID: 38679968 PMCID: PMC11162709 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.4.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
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6
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Gulati K, Manukonda R, Kairamkonda M, Kaliki S, Poluri KM. Serum Metabolomics of Retinoblastoma: Assessing the Differential Serum Metabolic Signatures of Unilateral and Bilateral Patients. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48233-48250. [PMID: 38144138 PMCID: PMC10733957 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common pediatric eye cancer. To identify the biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring the progression of Rb in patients, mapping of the alterations in their metabolic profiles is essential. The present study aims at exploring the metabolic disparity in serum from Rb patients and controls using NMR-based metabolomics. A total of 72 metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids, were quantified in serum samples from 24 Rb patients and 26 controls. Distinct clusters of Rb patients and controls were obtained using the partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. Further, univariate and multivariate analyses of unilateral and bilateral Rb patients with respect to their age-matched controls depicted their distinct metabolic fingerprints. Metabolites including 2-phosphoglycerate, 4-aminobutyrate, proline, O-phosphocholine, O-phosphoethanolamine, and Sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Sn-GPC) showed significant perturbation in both unilateral and bilateral Rb patients. However, metabolic differences among the bilateral Rb cases were more pronounced than those in unilateral Rb cases with respect to controls. In addition to major discriminatory metabolites for Rb, unilateral and bilateral Rb cases showed specific metabolic changes, which might be the result of their differential genetic/somatic mutational backgrounds. This further suggests that the aberrant metabolic perturbation in bilateral patients signifies the severity of the disease in Rb patients. The present study demonstrated that identified serum metabolites have potential to serve as a noninvasive method for detection of Rb, discriminate bilateral from unilateral Rb patients, and aid in better understanding of the RB tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Gulati
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
- Brien
Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad
Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Radhika Manukonda
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
- Brien
Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad
Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Manikyaprabhu Kairamkonda
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
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7
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Li M. Association between serum vitamin C and chronic kidney disease among adults in NHANES, 2017-2018. Postgrad Med 2023; 135:701-707. [PMID: 37668147 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2023.2255121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated the relationship between serum vitamin C and chronic kidney disease. METHODS The database from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2017-2018) was used to perform a cross-sectional study. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between serum vitamin C and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and stratified analysis by sex was performed to assess whether there were sex differences in the association between serum vitamin C and CKD. RESULTS Before stratified analysis, multivariate logistic regression showed that serum vitamin C was negatively associated with CKD in all models (All OR > 1, P< 0.05), the risk of CKD decreased by one quantile increase in serum vitamin C (P for trend< 0.001) and low vitamin C status was associated with a higher risk of CKD (All OR > 1, P< 0.05). Stratified analyses by sex showed that the association between serum vitamin C and CKD remained negative in men, but not in women. CONCLUSION There were a negative correlation between serum vitamin C and CKD, low levels of vitamin C were associated with a higher risk of CKD, and these associations were only found in men, but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Li
- Department of Surgical Teaching and Research, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Li W, Song J, Chen Z. The association between dietary vitamin C intake and periodontitis: result from the NHANES (2009-2014). BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:390. [PMID: 36076176 PMCID: PMC9454137 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether periodontitis is associated with dietary vitamin C intake, using data from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014.
Methods The study included 5145 adults (age ≥ 30 years) with periodontitis as a dichotomous variable and daily intake of vitamin C as a continuous variable. Multiple sets of covariates, such as age, sex, number of flossing, etc., were selected. Using EmpowerStats version 3.0, multivariate logistic regression analysis and hierarchical analysis were performed on the data, and curve fitting graphs were made.
Results There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the four dietary vitamin C intake groups (quartiles, Q1–Q4) and covariates (drinking alcohol and hypertension). The low VC intake group (Q1) was more prone to periodontitis than Q2, Q3, and Q4 (all OR < 1.00). A threshold nonlinear association was found between vitamin C (mg) log10 transformation and periodontitis in a generalized additive model (GAM) (P = 0.01). Conclusion The relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and the likelihood of periodontitis was non-linear. The smallest periodontitis index occurred when dietary vitamin C intake was 158.49 mg. Too little or too much vitamin C intake increases periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Zunyi Medical University, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, China.
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9
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Zhang X, Lu JJ, Abudukeyoumu A, Hou DY, Dong J, Wu JN, Liu LB, Li MQ, Xie F. Glucose transporters: Important regulators of endometrial cancer therapy sensitivity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933827. [PMID: 35992779 PMCID: PMC9389465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is of great importance in cancer cellular metabolism. Working together with several glucose transporters (GLUTs), it provides enough energy for biological growth. The main glucose transporters in endometrial cancer (EC) are Class 1 (GLUTs 1–4) and Class 3 (GLUTs 6 and 8), and the overexpression of these GLUTs has been observed. Apart from providing abundant glucose uptake, these highly expressed GLUTs also participate in the activation of many crucial signaling pathways concerning the proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of EC. In addition, overexpressed GLUTs may also cause endometrial cancer cells (ECCs) to be insensitive to hormone therapy or even resistant to radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, GLUT inhibitors may hopefully become a sensitizer for EC precision-targeted therapies. This review aims to summarize the expression regulation, function, and therapy sensitivity of GLUTs in ECCs, aiming to provide a new clue for better diagnosis and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical and Intrauterine Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jing Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ayitila Abudukeyoumu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Yu Hou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical and Intrauterine Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Wu
- Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Bing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Xie, ; Ming-Qing Li,
| | - Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical and Intrauterine Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Xie, ; Ming-Qing Li,
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10
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Przekwas J, Kijewska A, Sabiniarz D, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. The Variable Nature of Vitamin C—Does It Help When Dealing with Coronavirus? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071247. [PMID: 35883738 PMCID: PMC9312329 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still spreading worldwide. For this reason, new treatment methods are constantly being researched. Consequently, new and already-known preparations are being investigated to potentially reduce the severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute serum biomarkers in the host organism. In addition to antiviral drugs, there are other substances being used in the treatment of COVID-19, e.g., those with antioxidant properties, such as vitamin C (VC). Exciting aspects of the use of VC in antiviral therapy are its antioxidant and pro-oxidative abilities. In this review, we summarized both the positive effects of using VC in treating infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the light of the available research. We have tried to answer the question as to whether the use of high doses of VC brings the expected benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether such treatment is the correct therapeutic choice. Each case requires individual assessment to determine whether the positives outweigh the negatives, especially in the light of populational studies concerning the genetic differentiation of genes encoding the solute carriers responsible forVC adsorption. Few data are available on the influence of VC on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Deducing from already-published data, high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) does not significantly lower the mortality or length of hospitalization. However, some data prove, among other things, its impact on the serum levels of inflammatory markers. Finally, the non-positive effect of VC administration is mainly neutral, but the negative effect is that it can result in urinary stones or nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Jana Przekwas
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kijewska
- Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Biology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | | | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(52)-585-38-38
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11
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Vollbracht C, Kraft K. Oxidative Stress and Hyper-Inflammation as Major Drivers of Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID: Implications for the Benefit of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899198. [PMID: 35571085 PMCID: PMC9100929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pivotal point in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and presumably also in Long-COVID. Inflammation and oxidative stress are mutually reinforcing each other, thus contributing to the systemic hyperinflammatory state and coagulopathy which are cardinal pathological mechanisms of severe stages. COVID-19 patients, like other critically ill patients e.g. with pneumonia, very often show severe deficiency of the antioxidant vitamin C. So far, it has not been investigated how long this deficiency lasts or whether patients with long COVID symptoms also suffer from deficiencies. A vitamin C deficit has serious pathological consequences because vitamin C is one of the most effective antioxidants, but also co-factor of many enzymatic processes that affect the immune and nervous system, blood circulation and energy metabolism. Because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, and immunomodulatory effects the supportive intravenous (iv) use of supraphysiological doses has been investigated so far in 12 controlled or observational studies with altogether 1578 inpatients with COVID-19. In these studies an improved oxygenation, a decrease in inflammatory markers and a faster recovery were observed. In addition, early treatment with iv high dose vitamin C seems to reduce the risks of severe courses of the disease such as pneumonia and also mortality. Persistent inflammation, thrombosis and a dysregulated immune response (auto-immune phenomena and/or persistent viral load) seem to be major contributors to Long-COVID. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the development and progression of fatigue and neuro-psychiatric symptoms in various diseases by disrupting tissue (e.g. autoantibodies), blood flow (e.g. immune thrombosis) and neurotransmitter metabolism (e.g. excitotoxicity). In oncological diseases, other viral infections and autoimmune diseases, which are often associated with fatigue, cognitive disorders, pain and depression similar to Long-COVID, iv high dose vitamin C was shown to significantly relieve these symptoms. Supportive iv vitamin C in acute COVID-19 might therefore reduce the risk of severe courses and also the development of Long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vollbracht
- Medical Science Department, Pascoe Pharmazeutische Präparate GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Kraft
- Chair of Naturopathy, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karin Kraft,
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12
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Ascorbic acid in solid organ transplantation: a literature review. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1244-1255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Hyperthermia Treatment as a Promising Anti-Cancer Strategy: Therapeutic Targets, Perspective Mechanisms and Synergistic Combinations in Experimental Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040625. [PMID: 35453310 PMCID: PMC9030926 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent developments in diagnosis and treatment options, cancer remains one of the most critical threats to health. Several anti-cancer therapies have been identified, but further research is needed to provide more treatment options that are safe and effective for cancer. Hyperthermia (HT) is a promising treatment strategy for cancer because of its safety and cost-effectiveness. This review summarizes studies on the anti-cancer effects of HT and the detailed mechanisms. In addition, combination therapies with anti-cancer drugs or natural products that can effectively overcome the limitations of HT are reviewed because HT may trigger protective events, such as an increase of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the 115 reports included, the mechanisms related to apoptosis, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, transcription factors and HSPs were considered important. This review shows that HT is an effective inducer of apoptosis. Moreover, the limitations of HT may be overcome using combined therapy with anti-cancer drugs or natural products. Therefore, appropriate combinations of such agents with HT will exert maximal effects to treat cancer.
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14
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Zhang X, Li H, Lv X, Hu L, Li W, Zi M, He Y. Impact of Diets on Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) Therapy against Tumors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030409. [PMID: 35330159 PMCID: PMC8951256 DOI: 10.3390/life12030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the established therapeutics against tumors. As the major immunotherapy approach, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieved remarkable success in the treatment of malignancies. However, the clinical gains are far from universal and durable, because of the primary and secondary resistance of tumors to the therapy, or side effects induced by ICIs. There is an urgent need to find safe combinatorial strategies that enhance the response of ICIs for tumor treatment. Diets have an excellent safety profile and have been shown to play pleiotropic roles in tumor prevention, growth, invasion, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary regimens bolster not only the tolerability but also the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, focusing on describing the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to ICIs. We also summarized the impacts of different diets and/or nutrients on the response to ICIs therapy. Combinatory treatments of ICIs therapy with optimized diet regimens own great potential to enhance the efficacy and durable response of ICIs against tumors, which should be routinely considered in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Huiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (L.H.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiupeng Lv
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
| | - Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (L.H.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, China;
| | - Meiting Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (L.H.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yonghan He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (L.H.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65118976
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15
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Hyaluronidase enzyme conjugated polyamidoamine dendrimer: An efficient and stable nanobiocatalyst for enzymatic degradation of hyaluronic acid. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Zhang S, Yu H, Li J, Fan J, Chen J. 2-Methoxyestradiol combined with ascorbic acid facilitates the apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells via the microRNA-223/Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3470-3485. [PMID: 35068331 PMCID: PMC8973755 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant myeloproliferative tumor. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is an endogenous estrogen metabolite that shows efficacy in human malignancies. Ascorbic acid (AA) possesses antioxidant activity. This study explored the mechanism of 2-ME combined with AA in the apoptosis of CML cells. Firstly, human CML cell lines were treated with 2-ME and AA. The cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected. miR-223 expression in CML cells was detected. In addition, CML cells were transfected with miR-223 inhibitor. The binding relationship between miR-223 and FLT3 was verified. Subsequently, the FLT3 was overexpressed or silenced for the function rescue experiment to confirm the role of FLT3 in CML cell apoptosis. The expression levels of key factors of the PI3K/AKT pathway were detected. Finally, xenograft nude mouse models were established for in vivo verification. 2-ME + AA treatment inhibited CML cell viability and promoted apoptosis, elevated ROS content, and reduced MMP. 2-ME + AA treatment promoted miR-223 expression in CML cells. miR-223 targeted FLT3. Moreover, miR-223 inhibitor or FLT3 overexpression partially annulled the effect of 2-ME + AA on CML cells. 2-ME + AA inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway via the miR-223/FLT3 axis. Furthermore, 2-ME + AA suppressed CML xenograft growth in mice. Collectively, 2-ME + AA promoted miR-223 expression and suppressed FLT3 and the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby facilitating the apoptosis of CML cells and inhibiting CML xenograft growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou,Guangdong, China
| | - Hanhui Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery,Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiazhen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou,Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Fan
- Department of Emergency,Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou,Guangdong, China
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17
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Vitamin C and cancer risk and treatment. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) works as a strong reductant, radical scavenger, and protector of cell membranes against primary peroxidative damage in tissues and in the extracellular fluid. L-ascorbic acid is involved in the synthesis of collagen and many other biologically relevant substances, enzyme activity, xenobiotic detoxification, and prevention of forming carcinogenic nitrosamines. It also plays a role in the immune system. Numerous data indicate that cancer patients suffer from vitamin C deficiency. Studies show that people with a low vitamin C intake have an increased risk of head and neck cancers as well as lung, gastric, pancreatic, cervical, rectal, or breast cancer. On the other hand, there is no clinical evidence to support the thesis that antioxidant supplements (including vitamin C) prevent cancer. Observational trials investigating high doses of intravenous L-ascorbic acid in previously treated cancer patients have shown that it allows an increase in quality of life and may improve physical, mental, and emotional functions, as well as reducing adverse effects of standard anticancer treatment, including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss. So far, there were a few randomized controlled trials and they have not reported any statistically significant improvements in the overall or progression-free survival with vitamin C, as compared to the control arm. However, preclinical data indicating a role of L-ascorbic acid in modulation of immune response and its involvement in epigenome remodeling suggest its new potential clinical applications in cancer patients, especially in combination with immunotherapy. It seems reasonable to further investigate the value of vitamin C as a supportive treatment or in combination with anticancer targeted therapy.
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18
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Zhitkovich A. Ascorbate: antioxidant and biochemical activities and their importance for in vitro models. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3623-3631. [PMID: 34596731 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate has many biological activities that involve fundamental cellular functions such as gene expression, differentiation, and redox homeostasis. Biochemically, it serves as a cofactor for a large family of dioxygenases (> 60 members) which control transcription, formation of extracellular matrix, and epigenetic processes of histone and DNA demethylation. Ascorbate is also a major antioxidant acting as a very effective scavenger of primary reactive oxygen species. Reduction of Fe(III) by ascorbate is important for cellular uptake of iron via DMT1. Cell culture models are extensively used in toxicology and pharmacology for mechanistic studies of nutrients, drugs and other xenobiotics. High-throughput screens in vitro, such as a large-scale Tox21 program in the US, offers opportunities to assess hazardous properties of a vast and growing number of industrial chemicals. However, cells in typical cultures are severely deficient in ascorbate, raising concerns about their ability to accurately recapitulate toxic and other responses in vivo. Scarcity of ascorbate and a frequently unrecognized use of media with its thiol substitute alters stress sensitivity of cells in different directions. Remediation of ascorbate deficiency in tissue culture restores the physiological state of many cellular processes and it should improve a currently limited toxicity predictability of in vitro bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 507, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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19
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Agarwal A, Hager DN, Sevransky JE. Any Role of High-Dose Vitamin C for Septic Shock in 2021? Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:672-682. [PMID: 34544184 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
While the use of vitamin C as a therapeutic agent has been investigated since the 1950s, there has been substantial recent interest in the role of vitamin C supplementation in critical illness and particularly, sepsis and septic shock. Humans cannot synthesize vitamin C and rely on exogenous intake to maintain a plasma concentration of approximately 70 to 80 μmol/L. Vitamin C, in healthy humans, is involved with antioxidant function, wound healing, endothelial function, and catecholamine synthesis. Its function in the human body informs the theoretical basis for why vitamin C supplementation may be beneficial in sepsis/septic shock.Critically ill patients can be vitamin C deficient due to low dietary intake, increased metabolic demands, inefficient recycling of vitamin C metabolites, and loss due to renal replacement therapy. Intravenous supplementation is required to achieve supraphysiologic serum levels of vitamin C. While some clinical studies of intravenous vitamin C supplementation in sepsis have shown improvements in secondary outcome measures, none of the randomized clinical trials have shown differences between vitamin C supplementation and standard of care and/or placebo in the primary outcome measures of the trials. There are some ongoing studies of high-dose vitamin C administration in patients with sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019; the majority of evidence so far does not support the routine supplementation of vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David N Hager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan E Sevransky
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Natural Compounds Attenuate Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158310. [PMID: 34361076 PMCID: PMC8348757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The weight of skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of the whole weight in a healthy individual, and the normal metabolism and motor function of the muscle are indispensable for healthy life. In addition, the skeletal muscle of the maxillofacial region plays an important role not only in eating and swallowing, but also in communication, such as facial expressions and conversations. In recent years, skeletal muscle atrophy has received worldwide attention as a serious health problem. However, the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy that has been clarified at present is insufficient, and a therapeutic method against skeletal muscle atrophy has not been established. This review provides views on the importance of skeletal muscle in the maxillofacial region and explains the differences between skeletal muscles in the maxillofacial region and other regions. We summarize the findings to change in gene expression in muscle remodeling and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy model. Finally, we discuss the newly discovered beneficial effects of natural compounds on skeletal muscle atrophy.
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21
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Lauer A, Burkard M, Niessner H, Leischner C, Renner O, Vollbracht C, Michels H, Busch C, Sinnberg T, Venturelli S. Ex Vivo Evaluation of the Sepsis Triple Therapy High-Dose Vitamin C in Combination with Vitamin B1 and Hydrocortisone in a Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072366. [PMID: 34371879 PMCID: PMC8308809 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an extremely complex clinical syndrome, usually involving an excessive inflammatory response including an overshooting cytokine release that damages tissue and organs of the patient. Due to the severity of this condition, it is estimated that over 11 million people die from sepsis each year. Despite intensive research in the field, there is still no specific therapy for sepsis. Many sepsis patients show a marked deficiency of vitamin C. 9 out of 10 sepsis patients have a hypovitaminosis C, and every third patient even shows a clinical deficiency in the scurvy range. In addition, low vitamin C levels of intensive care sepsis patients correlate with a higher need for vasopressors, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and increased mortality. Based on this observation and the conducted clinical trials using vitamin C as sepsis therapy in intensive care patients, the aim of the present ex vivo study was to evaluate the effects of high-dose vitamin C alone and in a triple combination supplemented with vitamin B1 (thiamine) and hydrocortisone on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy human donors. We found that all corticosteroid combinations strongly reduced the cytokine response on RNA- and protein levels, while high-dose vitamin C alone significantly diminished the PBMC mediated secretion of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-10, IL-23, and monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP-1), which mediate the inflammatory response. However, vitamin C showed no enhancing effect on the secretion of further cytokines studied. This data provides important insights into the possible immunomodulatory function of vitamin C in an ex vivo setting of human PBMCs and the modulation of their cytokine profile in the context of sepsis. Since vitamin C is a vital micronutrient, the restoration of physiologically adequate concentrations should be integrated into routine sepsis therapy, and the therapeutic effects of supraphysiological concentrations of vitamin C in sepsis patients should be further investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lauer
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.L.); (H.N.)
| | - Markus Burkard
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (C.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Heike Niessner
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.L.); (H.N.)
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (C.L.); (O.R.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Leischner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (C.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Olga Renner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (C.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Claudia Vollbracht
- Pascoe Pharmazeutische Praeparate GmbH, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (C.V.); (H.M.)
| | - Holger Michels
- Pascoe Pharmazeutische Praeparate GmbH, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (C.V.); (H.M.)
| | | | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.L.); (H.N.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (C.L.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72024 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (S.V.)
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22
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Hipólito A, Martins F, Mendes C, Lopes-Coelho F, Serpa J. Molecular and Metabolic Reprogramming: Pulling the Strings Toward Tumor Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656851. [PMID: 34150624 PMCID: PMC8209414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major hurdle to the efficient treatment of cancer, accounting for the great majority of cancer-related deaths. Although several studies have disclosed the detailed mechanisms underlying primary tumor formation, the emergence of metastatic disease remains poorly understood. This multistep process encompasses the dissemination of cancer cells to distant organs, followed by their adaptation to foreign microenvironments and establishment in secondary tumors. During the last decades, it was discovered that these events may be favored by particular metabolic patterns, which are dependent on reprogrammed signaling pathways in cancer cells while they acquire metastatic traits. In this review, we present current knowledge of molecular mechanisms that coordinate the crosstalk between metastatic signaling and cellular metabolism. The recent findings involving the contribution of crucial metabolic pathways involved in the bioenergetics and biosynthesis control in metastatic cells are summarized. Finally, we highlight new promising metabolism-based therapeutic strategies as a putative way of impairing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hipólito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cindy Mendes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Mellidou I, Koukounaras A, Kostas S, Patelou E, Kanellis AK. Regulation of Vitamin C Accumulation for Improved Tomato Fruit Quality and Alleviation of Abiotic Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050694. [PMID: 34066421 PMCID: PMC8148108 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential multifaceted phytonutrient for both the human diet and plant growth. Optimum levels of AsA accumulation combined with balanced redox homeostasis are required for normal plant development and defense response to adverse environmental stimuli. Notwithstanding its moderate AsA levels, tomatoes constitute a good source of vitamin C in the human diet. Therefore, the enhancement of AsA levels in tomato fruit attracts considerable attention, not only to improve its nutritional value but also to stimulate stress tolerance. Genetic regulation of AsA concentrations in plants can be achieved through the fine-tuning of biosynthetic, recycling, and transport mechanisms; it is also linked to changes in the whole fruit metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that tomato synthesizes AsA mainly through the l-galactose pathway, but alternative pathways through d-galacturonate or myo-inositol, or seemingly unrelated transcription and regulatory factors, can be also relevant in certain developmental stages or in response to abiotic factors. Considering the recent advances in our understanding of AsA regulation in model and other non-model species, this review attempts to link the current consensus with novel technologies to provide a comprehensive strategy for AsA enhancement in tomatoes, without any detrimental effect on plant growth or fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hao Elgo-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Efstathia Patelou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.K.K.)
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24
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Boel A, Veszelyi K, Németh CE, Beyens A, Willaert A, Coucke P, Callewaert B, Margittai É. Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome: An Ascorbate Compartmentalization Disorder? Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:875-889. [PMID: 31621376 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiovascular disorders are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Monogenic developmental disorders of the heart and vessels are highly valuable to study the physiological and pathological processes in cardiovascular system homeostasis. The arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a rare, autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder showing lengthening, tortuosity, and stenosis of the large arteries, with a propensity for aneurysm formation. In histopathology, it associates with fragmentation and disorganization of elastic fibers in several tissues, including the arterial wall. ATS is caused by pathogenic variants in SLC2A10 encoding the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT)10. Critical Issues: Although several hypotheses have been forwarded, the molecular mechanisms linking disrupted GLUT10 activity with arterial malformations are largely unknown. Recent Advances: The vascular and systemic manifestations and natural history of ATS patients have been largely delineated. GLUT10 was identified as an intracellular transporter of dehydroascorbic acid, which contributes to collagen and elastin cross-linking in the endoplasmic reticulum, redox homeostasis in the mitochondria, and global and gene-specific methylation/hydroxymethylation affecting epigenetic regulation in the nucleus. We revise here the current knowledge on ATS and the role of GLUT10 within the compartmentalization of ascorbate in physiological and diseased states. Future Directions: Centralization of clinical, treatment, and outcome data will enable better management for ATS patients. Establishment of representative animal disease models could facilitate the study of pathomechanisms underlying ATS. This might be relevant for other forms of vascular dysplasia, such as isolated aneurysm formation, hypertensive vasculopathy, and neovascularization. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 875-889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrien Boel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Krisztina Veszelyi
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla E Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aude Beyens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Vollbracht C, Kraft K. Feasibility of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Post Viral Fatigue with Focus on Long COVID, Based on a Systematic Review of IV Vitamin C on Fatigue. Nutrients 2021; 13:1154. [PMID: 33807280 PMCID: PMC8066596 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is common not only in cancer patients but also after viral and other infections. Effective treatment options are still very rare. Therefore, the present knowledge on the pathophysiology of fatigue and the potential positive impact of treatment with vitamin C is illustrated. Additionally, the effectiveness of high-dose IV vitamin C in fatigue resulting from various diseases was assessed by a systematic literature review in order to assess the feasibility of vitamin C in post-viral, especially in long COVID, fatigue. Nine clinical studies with 720 participants were identified. Three of the four controlled trials observed a significant decrease in fatigue scores in the vitamin C group compared to the control group. Four of the five observational or before-and-after studies observed a significant reduction in pre-post levels of fatigue. Attendant symptoms of fatigue such as sleep disturbances, lack of concentration, depression, and pain were also frequently alleviated. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and circulatory disorders, which are important contributors to fatigue, are also discussed in long COVID fatigue. Thus, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, and immunomodulatory effects of high-dose IV vitamin C might be a suitable treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vollbracht
- Medical Science Department, Pascoe Pharmazeutische Präparate GmbH, 35383 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Karin Kraft
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
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26
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Oxidative stress in bladder cancer: an ally or an enemy? Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2791-2802. [PMID: 33733384 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and despite all innovations, remains a major challenge due to high morbidity and mortality. Genomic and epigenetic analyses allowed the discovery of new genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of BC. However, the effect on mortality has been modest and the development of new targets for BC treatment are needed. Recent evidence suggests that cancer cells are under increased stress associated with oncogenic transformation, with changes in metabolic activity and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased amounts of ROS in cancer cells are associated with stimulation of cellular proliferation, promotion of mutations and genetic instability, as well as alterations in cellular sensitivity to anticancer agents. Since these mechanisms occur in cancer cells, there is a close link between oxidative stress (OS) and BC with implications in prevention, carcinogenesis, prognosis, and treatment. We address the role of OS as an enemy towards BC development, as well as an ally to fight against BC. This review promises to expand our treatment options for BC with OS-based therapies and launches this approach as an opportunity to improve our ability to select patients most likely to respond to personalized therapy.
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27
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Ferdous UT, Yusof ZNB. Medicinal Prospects of Antioxidants From Algal Sources in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:593116. [PMID: 33746748 PMCID: PMC7973026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.593116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though cancer therapeutics can successfully eradicate cancerous cells, the effectiveness of these medications is mostly restricted to several deleterious side effects. Therefore, to alleviate these side effects, antioxidant supplementation is often warranted, reducing reactive species levels and mitigating persistent oxidative damage. Thus, it can impede the growth of cancer cells while protecting the normal cells simultaneously. Moreover, antioxidant supplementation alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics hinders further tumor development, prevents chemoresistance by improving the response to chemotherapy drugs, and enhances cancer patients' quality of life by alleviating side effects. Preclinical and clinical studies have been revealed the efficacy of using phytochemical and dietary antioxidants from different sources in treating chemo and radiation therapy-induced toxicities and enhancing treatment effectiveness. In this context, algae, both micro and macro, can be considered as alternative natural sources of antioxidants. Algae possess antioxidants from diverse groups, which can be exploited in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite having nutritional benefits, investigation and utilization of algal antioxidants are still in their infancy. This review article summarizes the prospective anticancer effect of twenty-three antioxidants from microalgae and their potential mechanism of action in cancer cells, as well as usage in cancer therapy. In addition, antioxidants from seaweeds, especially from edible species, are outlined, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Tamanna Ferdous
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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28
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Losso JN. Food Processing, Dysbiosis, Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases, and Antiangiogenic Functional Foods or Beverages. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:235-258. [PMID: 33467906 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062520-090235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Foods and beverages provide nutrients and alter the gut microbiota, resulting in eubiosis or dysbiosis. Chronic consumption of a diet that is high in saturated or trans fats, meat proteins, reducing sugars, and salt and low in fiber induces dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, loss of redox homeostasis, mast cells, hypoxia, angiogenesis, the kynurenine pathway, transglutaminase 2, and/or the Janus kinase pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and gastrointestinal malignancy. This review discusses the effects of oxidative, carbonyl, or glycative stress-inducing dietary ingredients or food processing-derived compounds on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal epithelial and mast cells as well as on the development of associated angiogenic diseases, including key signaling pathways. The preventive or therapeutic potential and the biochemical pathways of antiangiogenic or proangiogenic foods or beverages are also described. The outcomes of the interactions between disease pathways and components of food are critical for the design of foods and beverages for healthy lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack N Losso
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA;
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29
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Perut F, Roncuzzi L, Avnet S, Massa A, Zini N, Sabbadini S, Giampieri F, Mezzetti B, Baldini N. Strawberry-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Prevent Oxidative Stress in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010087. [PMID: 33445656 PMCID: PMC7828105 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (EPDENs) have recently been isolated and evaluated as potential bioactive nutraceutical biomolecules. It has been hypothesized that EPDENs may exert their activity on mammalian cells through their specific cargo. In this study, we isolated and purified EPDENs from the strawberry juice of Fragaria x ananassa (cv. Romina), a new cultivar characterized by a high content of anthocyanins, folic acid, flavonols, and vitamin C and an elevated antioxidant capacity. Fragaria-derived EPDENs were purified by a series of centrifugation and filtration steps. EPDENs showed size and morphology similar to mammalian extracellular nanovesicles. The internalization of Fragaria-derived EPDENs by human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) did not negatively affect their viability, and the pretreatment of MSCs with Fragaria-derived EPDENs prevented oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. This is possibly due to the presence of vitamin C inside the nanovesicle membrane. The analysis of EPDEN cargo also revealed the presence of small RNAs and miRNAs. These findings suggest that Fragaria-derived EPDENs may be considered nanoshuttles contained in food, with potential health-promoting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perut
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura Roncuzzi
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Sofia Avnet
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Annamaria Massa
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbadini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Nicola Baldini
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366566
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30
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Dachs GU, Gandhi J, Wohlrab C, Carr AC, Morrin HR, Pullar JM, Bayer SB, Eglinton TW, Robinson BA, Vissers MCM. Vitamin C Administration by Intravenous Infusion Increases Tumor Ascorbate Content in Patients With Colon Cancer: A Clinical Intervention Study. Front Oncol 2021; 10:600715. [PMID: 33505915 PMCID: PMC7830882 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high dose ascorbate infusions in cancer patients is widespread, but without evidence of efficacy. Several mechanisms whereby ascorbate could affect tumor progression have been proposed, including: (i) the localized generation of cytotoxic quantities of H2O2; (ii) ascorbate-dependent activation of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that control the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and that are responsible for the demethylation of DNA and histones; (iii) increased oxidative stress induced by dehydroascorbic acid. We hypothesize that the dysfunctional vasculature of solid tumors results in compromised delivery of ascorbate to poorly perfused regions of the tumor and that this ascorbate deficit acts as an additional driver of the hypoxic response via upregulation of HIFs. Using a randomized “therapeutic window of opportunity” clinical study design we aimed to determine whether ascorbate infusions affected tumor ascorbate content and tumor biology. Patients with colon cancer were randomized to receive infusions of up to 1 g/kg ascorbate for 4 days before surgical resection (n = 9) or to not receive infusions (n = 6). Ascorbate was measured in plasma, erythrocytes, tumor and histologically normal mucosa at diagnostic colonoscopy and at surgery. Protein markers of tumor hypoxia or DNA damage were monitored in resected tissue. Plasma ascorbate reached millimolar levels following infusion and returned to micromolar levels over 24 h. Pre-infusion plasma ascorbate increased from 38 ± 10 µM to 241 ± 33 µM (p < 0.0001) over 4 days and erythrocyte ascorbate from 18 ± 20 µM to 2509 ± 1016 µM (p < 0.005). Tumor ascorbate increased from 15 ± 6 to 28 ± 6 mg/100 g tissue (p < 0.0001) and normal tissue from 14 ± 6 to 21 ± 4 mg/100 g (p < 0.001). A gradient of lower ascorbate was evident towards the tumor centre in both control and infusion samples. Lower expression of hypoxia-associated proteins was seen in post-infusion tumors compared with controls. There were no significant adverse events and quality of life was unaffected by ascorbate infusion. This is the first clinical study to demonstrate that tumor ascorbate levels increase following infusion, even in regions of poor diffusion, and that this could modify tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi U Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jamish Gandhi
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christina Wohlrab
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anitra C Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Helen R Morrin
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Cancer Society Tissue Bank, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Juliet M Pullar
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simone B Bayer
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tim W Eglinton
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bridget A Robinson
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Canterbury Regional Cancer and Haematology Service, Canterbury District Health Board, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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31
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Intravenous Administration of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Herpes Zoster-Associated Pain: Two Case Reports and Literature Review. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:8857287. [PMID: 33335639 PMCID: PMC7723478 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8857287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute inflammatory neurocutaneous disease caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. It is estimated that the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia following HZ is 10–20%. The leading risk factors of the prognosis are aging and immunity dysfunction. Vitamin C plays a pivoted role in enhancing white blood cell function. Epidemiological evidence and clinical studies have indicated an association between pain and suboptimal vitamin C status. At present, vitamin C has been used as an additional option in the treatment of HZ-associated pain. Despite the current controversy, case reports and randomized controlled studies have indicated that both acute- and postherpetic neuralgia can be dramatically alleviated following intravenous vitamin C infusions. Case Presentation. Two patients (male aged 72 and female 78 years) with HZ did not respond well to antiviral therapy and analgesics. Skin lesions in the right groin and front thigh healed after early antiviral therapy, but the outbreak of pain persisted in the male patient. The female patient presented to our clinic with clusters of rashes in the right forehead with severe edema of her right upper eyelid. Because nerve blockade could not be conducted for both patients, intravenous infusion of vitamin C was applied and resulted in an immediate remission of the breakthrough pain in the male patient and cutaneous lesions in the female patient. Conclusions The use of vitamin C appears to be an emerging treatment alternative for attenuating HZ and PHN pain. Hence, we recommend the addition of concomitant use of intravenously administered vitamin C into therapeutic strategies in the treatment of HZ-associated pain, especially for therapy-resistant cases. Furthermore, animal studies are required to determine analgesic mechanisms of vitamin C, and more randomized clinical trials are essential to further determine the optimal dose and timing of administration of vitamin C.
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Abstract
![]()
Vitamin
C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble antioxidant and a
cofactor for a large number of enzymes. It is present in all tissues
and especially abundant in corneal epithelium, stem cells, and neurons.
Although similar to thiols in its ability to react with many reactive
oxygen species (ROS), ascorbate is much better (>100× faster)
than glutathione at scavenging of primary ROS (superoxide radical
and singlet oxygen). Ascorbate appears to be especially important
for elimination of O2•– in the
nucleus which contains little or no SOD activity. Cofactor functions
of ascorbate involve the maintenance of activity of Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent
dioxygenases via reduction of Fe(III). The most prominent activity
of ascorbate-dependent dioxygenases in the cytoplasm is hydroxylation
of prolines in proteins involved in the formation of extracellular
matrix and regulation of metabolism and hypoxia responses. In the
nucleus, ascorbate is important for oxidative demethylation of 5-methylcytosine
in DNA (by TET proteins) and removal of methyl groups from histone
lysines (by JmjC demethylases). Differentiation and other cellular
reprograming processes involving DNA demethylation are especially
sensitive to ascorbate insufficiency. High doses of vitamin C alone
or in combinations with drugs produced cancer-suppressive effects
which involved redox, immune, and epigenetic mechanisms. Solutions
to vitamin C deficiency in cultured cells are discussed to improve
the physiological relevance of in vitro models. An
abundance of vitamin C in rodents limits their ability to fully recapitulate
human sensitivity to adverse health effects of malnutrition and xenobiotics,
including neurotoxicity, lung injury, and intergenerational and other
epigenetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Abbasi A, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Amiri A, Keshavarzi F, Nejabat N, Ramezani F, Sardarian A, Zal F. Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer Cells by Vitamin C plus Quercetin: role of Nrf2 in Inducing Oxidative Stress. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2003-2013. [PMID: 32924610 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1819346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of sequential treatment with Vitamin C (VC) and Quercetin (Q) on Nrf2-related oxidative stress in PC3 and DU145 cells, viability was measured by MTT assay. Intracellular ROS levels were determined, using 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent as a probe. Nrf2 gene expression was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Nrf2 protein levels were defined by western blot analysis. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) and hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) enzymes were measured. The IC50 values for VC + Q were 263.03-372.1 µM and 144.2-194.1 µM respectively and 200 µM VC + 50 µM Q (dose no.1) and 100 µM VC + 75 µM Q (dose no.2) were selected. Sequential treatment of PC3 cells led to a significant reduction of Nrf2 mRNA expression and protein levels in addition to a significant reduction of GPx, GR and NQO1 enzymatic activity. Although the data was slightly different for DU145 cells after the treatments, in terms of Nrf2 gene expression, we obtained the same results. Our study revealed the significant effects of sequential treatment with VC + Q on Nrf2 suppression in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Amiri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Keshavarzi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Nejabat
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Sardarian
- Orthodontic Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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34
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Pathways of Gastric Carcinogenesis, Helicobacter pylori Virulence and Interactions with Antioxidant Systems, Vitamin C and Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176451. [PMID: 32899442 PMCID: PMC7503565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a class one carcinogen which causes chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. The mechanisms by which H. pylori interacts with other risk and protective factors, particularly vitamin C in gastric carcinogenesis are complex. Gastric carcinogenesis includes metabolic, environmental, epigenetic, genomic, infective, inflammatory and oncogenic pathways. The molecular classification of gastric cancer subtypes has revolutionized the understanding of gastric carcinogenesis. This includes the tumour microenvironment, germline mutations, and the role of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, Epstein Barr virus and epigenetics in somatic mutations. There is evidence that ascorbic acid, phytochemicals and endogenous antioxidant systems can modify the risk of gastric cancer. Gastric juice ascorbate levels depend on dietary intake of ascorbic acid but can also be decreased by H. pylori infection, H. pylori CagA secretion, tobacco smoking, achlorhydria and chronic atrophic gastritis. Ascorbic acid may be protective against gastric cancer by its antioxidant effect in gastric cytoprotection, regenerating active vitamin E and glutathione, inhibiting endogenous N-nitrosation, reducing toxic effects of ingested nitrosodimethylamines and heterocyclic amines, and preventing H. pylori infection. The effectiveness of such cytoprotection is related to H. pylori strain virulence, particularly CagA expression. The role of vitamin C in epigenetic reprogramming in gastric cancer is still evolving. Other factors in conjunction with vitamin C also play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. Eradication of H. pylori may lead to recovery of vitamin C secretion by gastric epithelium and enable regression of premalignant gastric lesions, thereby interrupting the Correa cascade of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Wu TM, Liu ST, Chen SY, Chen GS, Wu CC, Huang SM. Mechanisms and Applications of the Anti-cancer Effect of Pharmacological Ascorbic Acid in Cervical Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1483. [PMID: 33014789 PMCID: PMC7507989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), or vitamin C, has been attracting attention as a potential anticancer drug that mediates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation and ten-eleven translocation 2-catalyzed DNA demethylation. However, the precise mechanism by which L-AA acts remains unclear. We examined the cytotoxic effects of L-AA or sodium ascorbate in human cervical carcinoma cells by assessing cell viability, expression of cell cycle-related mRNAs and proteins, and mitochondrial functions, and by performing flow cytometric analyses of cell cycle profiles, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We later tested the effects of ascorbates in combination with two first-line chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. At pharmacological concentrations (1–10 mM), L-AA increased ROS levels; decreased levels of several cell cycle-related proteins, including p53, p21, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated histone 3 at serine residue 10; induced DNA damage, as indicated by changes in γH2A.x; decreased levels of the anti-oxidative transcription factor Nrf2; and increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators, such as the p-eIF2α/eIF2α ratio and CHOP levels. L-AA also promoted cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, L-AA increased the susceptibility of HeLa cells to cisplatin and doxorubicin. These findings provide insight into how the adjustment of the cellular ROS status through L-ascorbate (L-AA or sodium ascorbate) administration could potentially synergistically enhance the efficacy of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Gunng-Shinng Chen
- Department of Dentistry of Tri-service General Hospital, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Fu J, Wu Z, Liu J, Wu T. Vitamin C: A stem cell promoter in cancer metastasis and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110588. [PMID: 32836076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an electron donor and is involved in a variety of biochemical reactions in stem cell and cancer stem cell, as well as collagen synthesis and the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor synthesis, which two affect extracellular matrix remodelling and hence cancer metastasis. Specific doses of vitamin C can stop cancer cell glycolysis and block nitroso synthesis, indicating the potential of vitamin C in cancer treatment. Recent studies preliminary revealed Vitamin C enhance the cancer's immune response to anti PD-L1 therapy through multiple indirect approaches. Herein we reviewed the recent function of vitamin C for further research in sequential aspects of cancer stem cell, extracellular matrix remodeling, cancer metastasis and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianfu Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
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Butt G, Farooqi AA, Adylova A, Attar R, Yilmaz S, Konysbayevna KK, Sabitaliyevich UY, Gasparri ML, Xu B. Vitamin C as an Anticancer Agent: Regulation of Signaling Pathways. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1868-1875. [PMID: 32648842 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200710102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for effective treatment of cancer with minimum off-target effects and maximum clinical outcomes have remained overarching goals in the clinical oncology. Vitamin C has remained in the shadows of controversy since the past few decades; burgeoning evidence has started to shed light on wide-ranging anticancer effects exerted by Vitamin C to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells, inhibit uncontrolled proliferation of the cancer cells and metastatic spread. Landmark achievements in molecular oncology have ushered in a new era, and researchers have focused on the identification of oncogenic pathways regulated by Vitamin C in different cancers. However, there are visible knowledge gaps in our understanding related to the ability of Vitamin C to modulate a myriad of transduction cascades. There are scattered pieces of scientific evidence about promising potential of Vitamin C to regulate JAK-STAT, TGF/SMAD, TRAIL and microRNAs in different cancers. However, published data is insufficient and needs to be investigated comprehensively to enable basic and clinical researchers to reap full benefits and promote result-oriented transition of Vitamin C into various phases of clinical trials. In this review, we will emphasize on available evidence related to the regulation of oncogenic cell signaling pathways by Vitamin C in different cancers. We will also highlight the conceptual gaps, which need detailed and cutting-edge research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Butt
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammad A Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aima Adylova
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Yilmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Uteuliyev Y Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Maria L Gasparri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Boguszewska K, Adamus-Grabicka A, Karwowski BT. Two Faces of Vitamin C-Antioxidative and Pro-Oxidative Agent. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051501. [PMID: 32455696 PMCID: PMC7285147 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C has been known for decades. It is common in everyday use as an element of the diet, supplementation, and a preservative. For years, research has been conducted to precisely determine the mechanism of action of ascorbate in the cell. Available results indicate its multi-directional cellular effects. Vitamin C, which belongs to antioxidants scavenging free radicals, also has a ‘second face’—as a pro-oxidative factor. However, whether is the latter nature a defect harmful to the cell, or whether a virtue that is a source of benefit? In this review, we discuss the effects of vitamin C treatment in cancer prevention and the role of ascorbate in maintaining redox balance in the central nervous system (CNS). Finally, we discuss the effect of vitamin C supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage and review the evidence that vitamin C has radioprotective properties.
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Choi YK, Kang JI, Han S, Kim YR, Jo J, Kang YW, Choo DR, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kang HK. L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051351. [PMID: 32397306 PMCID: PMC7284633 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer effects of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, L-AA) have been reported in various types of cancers. L-AA intake reduces breast cancer recurrence and mortality; however, the role of L-AA in the treatment of breast cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism action of L-AA on breast cancer growth. L-AA inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death at the evaluated treatment concentrations without affecting normal cells. Moreover, L-AA induces autophagosome formation via regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin1, and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and increased autophagic flux. Notably, we observed that L-AA increased p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) protein levels. Accumulation of p62 protein in cancer cells in response to stress has been reported, but its role in cancer regulation remains controversial. Here, we demonstrated that L-AA-induced p62 accumulation is related to L-AA-induced breast cancer growth inhibition. Furthermore, L-AA induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the IRE–JNK–CHOP (inositol-requiring endonuclease–c-Jun N-terminal kinase–C/EBP homologous protein) signaling pathways, which increased the nuclear levels of p62/SQSTM1. These findings provide evidence that L-AA-induced ER stress could be crucial for p62 accumulation-dependent cell death, and L-AA can be useful in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Choi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Young Ree Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jaemin Jo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Yong Woo Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Do Ryeon Choo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.K.C.); (J.-I.K.); (S.H.); (Y.R.K.); (J.J.); (Y.W.K.); (D.R.C.); (J.W.H.); (Y.S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University; 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-10-6214-5464
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Valdivié-Navarro M, Martínez-Aguilar Y, Mesa-Fleitas O, Botello-León A, Betancur Hurtado C, Velázquez-Martí B. Review of Moringa oleifera as forage meal (leaves plus stems) intended for the feeding of non-ruminant animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Vitamin C in Plants: From Functions to Biofortification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110519. [PMID: 31671820 PMCID: PMC6912510 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is an excellent free radical scavenger, not only for its capability to donate reducing equivalents but also for the relative stability of the derived monodehydroascorbate radical. However, vitamin C is not only an antioxidant, since it is also a cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in plant and human metabolism. In humans, vitamin C takes part in various physiological processes, such as iron absorption, collagen synthesis, immune stimulation, and epigenetic regulation. Due to the functional loss of the gene coding for l-gulonolactone oxidase, humans cannot synthesize vitamin C; thus, they principally utilize plant-based foods for their needs. For this reason, increasing the vitamin C content of crops could have helpful effects on human health. To achieve this objective, exhaustive knowledge of the metabolism and functions of vitamin C in plants is needed. In this review, the multiple roles of vitamin C in plant physiology as well as the regulation of its content, through biosynthetic or recycling pathways, are analyzed. Finally, attention is paid to the strategies that have been used to increase the content of vitamin C in crops, emphasizing not only the improvement of nutritional value of the crops but also the acquisition of plant stress resistance.
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Harej A, Macan AM, Stepanić V, Klobučar M, Pavelić K, Pavelić SK, Raić-Malić S. The Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of 1,2,3-Triazolyl-L-Ascorbic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194735. [PMID: 31554245 PMCID: PMC6801448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel 4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole L-ascorbic acid (L-ASA) conjugates with hydroxyethylene spacer as well as their conformationally restricted 4,5-unsaturated analogues were synthesized as potential antioxidant and antiproliferative agents. An evaluation of the antioxidant activity of novel compounds showed that the majority of the 4,5-unsaturated L-ASA derivatives showed a better antioxidant activity compared to their saturated counterparts. m-Hydroxyphenyl (7j), p-pentylphenyl (7k) and 2-hydroxyethyl (7q) substituted 4,5-unsaturated 1,2,3-triazole L-ASA derivatives exhibited very efficient and rapid (within 5 min) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity (7j, 7k: IC50 = 0.06 mM; 7q: IC50 = 0.07 mM). In vitro scavenging activity data were supported by in silico quantum-chemical modelling. Thermodynamic parameters for hydrogen-atom transfer and electron-transfer radical scavenging pathways of anions deprotonated at C2-OH or C3-OH groups of L-ASA fragments were calculated. The structure activity analysis (SAR) through principal component analysis indicated radical scavenging activity by the participation of OH group with favorable reaction parameters: the C3-OH group of saturated C4-C5(OH) derivatives and the C2-OH group of their unsaturated C4=C5 analogues. The antiproliferative evaluation showed that p-bromophenyl (4e: IC50 = 6.72 μM) and p-pentylphenyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole L-ASA conjugate (4k: IC50 = 26.91 μM) had a selective cytotoxic effect on breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Moreover, compound 4e did not inhibit the growth of foreskin fibroblasts (IC50 > 100 μM). In MCF-7 cells treated with 4e, a significant increase of hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and decreased expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) were observed, suggesting the involvement of 4e in the HIF-1α signaling pathway for its strong growth-inhibition effect on MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Harej
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Andrijana Meščić Macan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Višnja Stepanić
- Division of Electronics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Klobučar
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Krešimir Pavelić
- Faculty of medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100 Pula, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Effect of 6-Shogaol on the Glucose Uptake and Survival of HT1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030131. [PMID: 31505728 PMCID: PMC6789756 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger is a plant that is native to southern China. In the last decade and research on the components of ginger has significantly increased; of these components, 6-shogaol exhibits the greatest potential antitumor capacity. However, the molecular mechanism through which 6-shogaol exerts its effects has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the effect of 6-shogaol on tumor cells that were derived from human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) was evaluated. Cell viability was determined by a (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT assay testing different concentrations of 6-shogaol (2.5–150 μM). Subsequently, the effect of 6-shogaol on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glucose uptake, and protein expression of the signaling pathway phosphatase and tensin homolog/ protein kinase B /mammalian target of rapamycin (PTEN/Akt/mTOR) was measured. 6-Shogaol reduced the viability of the tumor cells and caused an increase in ROS production, which was attenuated with the addition of N-acetylcysteine, and the recovery of cell viability was observed. The increase in ROS production in response to 6-shogaol was associated with cell death. Similarly, glucose uptake decreased with incremental concentrations of 6-shogaol, and an increase in the expression of mTOR-p and Akt-p proteins was observed; PTEN was active in all the treatments with 6-shogaol. Thus, the results suggest that cells activate uncontrolled signaling pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR, among other alternative mechanisms of metabolic modulation and of survival in order to counteract the pro-oxidant effect of 6-shogaol and the decrease in glucose uptake. Interestingly, a differential response was observed when non-cancerous cells were treated with 6-shogaol.
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Golpour A, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Antimicrobial and Immune-Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D Provide Promising Antibiotics-Independent Approaches to Tackle Bacterial Infections - Lessons Learnt from a Literature Survey. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:80-87. [PMID: 31662886 PMCID: PMC6798578 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug-resistance (MDR) constitutes an emerging threat to global health and makes the effective prevention and treatment of many, particularly severe infections challenging, if not impossible. Many antibiotic classes have lost antimicrobial efficacy against a plethora of infectious agents including bacterial species due to microbial acquisition of distinct resistance genes. Hence, the development of novel anti-infectious intervention strategies including antibiotic-independent approaches is urgently needed. Vitamins such as vitamin D and vitamin D derivates might be such promising molecular candidates to combat infections caused by bacteria including MDR strains. Using the Pubmed database, we therefore performed an in-depth literature survey, searching for publications on the antimicrobial effect of vitamin D directed against bacteria including MDR strains. In vitro and clinical studies between 2009 and 2019 revealed that vitamin D does, in fact, possess antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, whereas conflicting results could be obtained from in vivo studies. Taken together, the potential anti-infectious effects for the antibiotic-independent application of vitamin D and/or an adjunct therapy in combination with antibiotic compounds directed against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, H. pylori infections, or skin diseases, for instance, should be considered and further investigated in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoosh Golpour
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Luczak MW, Krawic C, Zhitkovich A. p53 activation by Cr(VI): a transcriptionally limited response induced by ATR kinase in S-phase. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:11-22. [PMID: 31388677 PMCID: PMC6813752 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular reduction of carcinogenic chromium(VI) causes several forms of Cr-DNA damage with different genotoxic properties. Chromate-treated cultured cells have shown a strong proapoptotic activity of the DNA damage-sensitive transcription factor p53. However, induction of p53 transcriptional targets by Cr(VI) in rodent lungs was weak or undetectable. We examined Cr(VI) effects on the p53 pathway in human cells with restored levels of ascorbate that acts as a principal reducer of Cr(VI) in vivo but is nearly absent in standard cell cultures. Ascorbate-restored H460 and primary human cells treated with Cr(VI) contained higher levels of p53 and its Ser15 phosphorylation, which were induced by ATR kinase. Cr(VI)-stimulated p53 phosphorylation occurred in S-phase by a diffusible pool of ATR that was separate from the chromatin-bound pool targeting DNA repair substrates at the sites of toxic mismatch repair of Cr-DNA adducts. Even when more abundantly present than after exposure to the radiomimetic bleomycin, Cr(VI)-stabilized p53 showed a much more limited activation of its target genes in two types of primary human cells. No increases in mRNA were found for nucleotide excision repair factors and a majority of proapoptotic genes. A weak transcription activity of Cr(VI)-upregulated p53 was associated with its low lysine acetylation in the regulatory C-terminal domain, resulting from the inability of Cr(VI) to activate ATM in ascorbate-restored cells. Thus, p53 activation by ascorbate-metabolized Cr(VI) represents a limited genome-protective response that is defective in upregulation of DNA repair genes and proapoptotic transcripts for elimination of damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal W Luczak
- Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Casey Krawic
- Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
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Therapeutic Perspective of Vitamin C and Its Derivatives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080247. [PMID: 31357509 PMCID: PMC6721080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (ASA), vitamin C, is a ubiquitous carbohydrate-like compound that has an essential role in a number of cellular processes, such as collagen synthesis, cellular oxidation, and various hydroxylation reactions. ASA is a biomolecule of critical importance for protection of cellular components against oxidative damage caused by toxic free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are involved in the development of various types of chronic diseases. Vitamin C has a switchover role from being an antioxidant in physiological conditions to a prooxidant under pathologic conditions. Moreover, some l-ascorbic acid derivatives exhibit strong and selective antitumor and antiviral activity. This review emphasizes the advances on diverse and potent biological profiles of l-ascorbic acid and its derivatives, and their perspective in the development of new bioactive chemical entities in the future. The work is primarily addressed at antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral potencies of l-ascorbic acid and compounds containing its butenolide structural motif.
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47
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Rubis B, Luczak MW, Krawic C, Zhitkovich A. Vitamin C increases DNA breaks and suppresses DNA damage-independent activation of ATM by bleomycin. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 136:12-21. [PMID: 30926564 PMCID: PMC6488359 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin is a redox-active drug with anticancer and other clinical applications. It is also frequently used as a tool in fundamental research on cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). A conversion of bleomycin into its DNA-breaking form requires Fe, one-electron donors and O2. Here, we examined how a major biological antioxidant ascorbate (reduced vitamin C), which is practically absent in standard cell culture, impacts cellular responses to bleomycin. We found that restoration of physiological levels of vitamin C in human cancer cells increased their killing by bleomycin in 2D cultures and 3D tumor spheroids. Higher cytotoxicity of bleomycin occurred in cells with normal and shRNA-depleted p53. Cellular vitamin C enhanced the ability of bleomycin by produce DSBs, which was established by direct measurements of these lesions in three cell lines. Vitamin C-restored cancer cells also showed a higher sensitivity to killing by low-dose bleomycin in combination with inhibitors of DSB repair-activating ATM or DNA-PK kinases. The presence of ascorbate in bleomycin-treated cells suppressed a DSB-independent activation of the ATM-CHK2 axis by blocking superoxide radical. In vitro studies detected a greatly superior ability of ascorbate over other cellular reducers to catalyze DSB formation by bleomycin. Ascorbate was faster than other antioxidants in promoting two steps in activation of bleomycin. Our results demonstrate strong activation effects of vitamin C on bleomycin, shifting its toxicity further toward DNA damage and making it more sensitive to manipulations of DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Rubis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Michal W Luczak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Casey Krawic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Anatoly Zhitkovich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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48
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Zhang X, Li W, Sun X, Li J, Wu W, Liu H. Vitamin C protects against defects induced by juglone during porcine oocyte maturation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19574-19581. [PMID: 30980384 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Juglone, a naphthoquinone isolated from many species of the Juglandaceae family, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries because of its antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, the toxicity of juglone has also been demonstrated. Here, we used porcine oocytes as a model to explore the effects of juglone on oocyte maturation and studied the impact of vitamin C (VC) administration on juglone exposure-induced meiosis defects. Exposure to juglone significantly restricted cumulus cell expansion and decreased the first polar body extrusion. In addition, juglone exposure disturbed spindle organization, actin assembly, and the distribution of mitochondria during oocyte meiosis, while the acetylation level of α-tubulin was also reduced. These defects were all ameliorated by VC administration. Our findings indicate that juglone exposure induced meiotic failure in porcine oocytes, while VC protected against these defects during porcine oocyte maturation by ameliorating the organization of the cytoskeleton and mitochondrial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofan Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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