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Cheng H, Du Y, Hu J, Cao J, Zhang G, Ling J. New flavonoid and their anti-A549 cell activity from the bi-directional solid fermentation products of Astragalus membranaceus and Cordyceps kyushuensis. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106013. [PMID: 38740342 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus and Cordyceps kyushuensis were used to obtain Astragalus membranaceus-Cordyceps kyushuensis bi-directional solid fermentation products using the bi-directional solid fermentation technique. The fermentation products were isolated and purified to obtain 20 individual compounds, of which compound 1 was a novel isoflavane, and compounds 2, 3, and 4 were novel isoflavones, along with 16 known compounds. In vitro experiments demonstrated that compounds 4, 5, 8, 10, and 20 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against A549 lung cancer cells. Specifically, the IC50 value of the novel compound 4 was 53.4 μM, while the IC50 value of cordycepin was 9.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiyuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Jianya Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Krawczyk-Łebek A, Żarowska B, Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Synthesis, fungal biotransformation, and evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of chalcones with a chlorine atom. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15050. [PMID: 38951205 PMCID: PMC11217454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are intermediate products in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which possess a wide range of biological properties, including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The introduction of a chlorine atom and the glucosyl moiety into their structure may increase their bioavailability, bioactivity, and pharmacological use. The combined chemical and biotechnological methods can be applied to obtain such compounds. Therefore, 2-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone and 3-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone were synthesized and biotransformed in cultures of two strains of filamentous fungi, i.e. Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 and Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5 to obtain their novel glycosylated derivatives. Pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and biological activity of them were predicted using cheminformatics tools. 2-Chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone, 3-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone, their main glycosylation products, and 2'-hydrochychalcone were screened for antimicrobial activity against several microbial strains. The growth of Escherichia coli 10,536 was completely inhibited by chalcones with a chlorine atom and 3-chlorodihydrochalcone 2'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. The strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 939 was the most resistant to the action of the tested compounds. However, chalcone aglycones and glycosides with a chlorine atom almost completely inhibited the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus DSM 799 and yeast Candida albicans DSM 1386. The tested compounds had different effects on lactic acid bacteria depending on the tested species. In general, chlorinated chalcones were more effective in the inhibition of the tested microbial strains than their unchlorinated counterparts and aglycones were a little more effective than their glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Barbara Żarowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Dymarska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Chlipała P, Tronina T, Dymarska M, Urbaniak M, Kozłowska E, Stępień Ł, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T. Multienzymatic biotransformation of flavokawain B by entomopathogenic filamentous fungi: structural modifications and pharmacological predictions. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:65. [PMID: 38402203 PMCID: PMC10893614 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavokawain B is one of the naturally occurring chalcones in the kava plant (Piper methysticum). It exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties. Due to its therapeutic potential, flavokawain B holds promise for the treatment of many diseases. However, due to its poor bioavailability and low aqueous solubility, its application remains limited. The attachment of a sugar unit impacts the stability and solubility of flavonoids and often determines their bioavailability and bioactivity. Biotransformation is an environmentally friendly way to improve the properties of compounds, for example, to increase their hydrophilicity and thus affect their bioavailability. Recent studies proved that entomopathogenic filamentous fungi from the genera Isaria and Beauveria can perform O-methylglycosylation of hydroxyflavonoids or O-demethylation and hydroxylation of selected chalcones and flavones. RESULTS In the present study, we examined the ability of entomopathogenic filamentous fungal strains of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria caledonica, Isaria farinosa, Isaria fumosorosea, and Isaria tenuipes to transform flavokawain B into its glycosylated derivatives. The main process occurring during the reaction is O-demethylation and/or hydroxylation followed by 4-O-methylglycosylation. The substrate used was characterized by low susceptibility to transformations compared to our previously described transformations of flavones and chalcones in the cultures of the tested strains. However, in the culture of the B. bassiana KCh J1.5 and BBT, Metarhizium robertsii MU4, and I. tenuipes MU35, the expected methylglycosides were obtained with high yields. Cheminformatic analyses indicated altered physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties in the derivatives compared to flavokawain B. Pharmacological predictions suggested potential anticarcinogenic activity, caspase 3 stimulation, and antileishmanial effects. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the study provided valuable insights into the enzymatic transformations of flavokawain B by entomopathogenic filamentous fungi, elucidating the structural modifications and predicting potential pharmacological activities of the obtained derivatives. The findings contribute to the understanding of the biocatalytic capabilities of these microbial cultures and the potential therapeutic applications of the modified flavokawain B derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chlipała
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Monika Dymarska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland.
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Tronina T, Łużny M, Dymarska M, Urbaniak M, Kozłowska E, Piegza M, Stępień Ł, Janeczko T. Glycosylation of Quercetin by Selected Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi and Prediction of Its Products' Bioactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11857. [PMID: 37511613 PMCID: PMC10380404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid in food products, including berries, apples, cauliflower, tea, cabbage, nuts, onions, red wine and fruit juices. It exhibits various biological activities and is used for medical applications, such as treating allergic, inflammatory and metabolic disorders, ophthalmic and cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. However, its low water solubility may limit quercetin's therapeutic potential. One method of increasing the solubility of active compounds is their coupling to polar molecules, such as sugars. The attachment of a glucose unit impacts the stability and solubility of flavonoids and often determines their bioavailability and bioactivity. Entomopathogenic fungi are biocatalysts well known for their ability to attach glucose and its 4-O-methyl derivative to bioactive compounds, including flavonoids. We investigated the ability of cultures of entomopathogenic fungi belonging to Beauveria, Isaria, Metapochonia, Lecanicillium and Metarhizium genera to biotransform quercetin. Three major glycosylation products were detected: (1), 7-O-β-D-(4″-O-methylglucopyranosyl)-quercetin, (2) 3-O-β-D-(4″-O-methylglucopyranosyl)-quercetin and (3) 3-O-β-D-(glucopyranosyl)-quercetin. The results show evident variability of the biotransformation process, both between strains of the tested biocatalysts from different species and between strains of the same species. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the obtained compounds were predicted with the use of cheminformatics tools. The study showed that the obtained compounds may have applications as effective modulators of intestinal flora and may be stronger hepato-, cardio- and vasoprotectants and free radical scavengers than quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Łużny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Dymarska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Piegza
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Perz M, Krawczyk-Łebek A, Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Biotransformation of Flavonoids with -NO 2, -CH 3 Groups and -Br, -Cl Atoms by Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119500. [PMID: 37298456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining chemical and microbiological methods using entomopathogenic filamentous fungi makes obtaining flavonoid glycosides possible. In the presented study, biotransformations were carried out in cultures of Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5, Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2, and Isaria farinosa KCH J2.6 strains on six flavonoid compounds obtained in chemical synthesis. As a result of the biotransformation of 6-methyl-8-nitroflavanone using the strain I. fumosorosea KCH J2, two products were obtained: 6-methyl-8-nitro-2-phenylchromane 4-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 8-nitroflavan-4-ol 6-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. 8-Bromo-6-chloroflavanone was transformed by this strain to 8-bromo-6-chloroflavan-4-ol 4'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. As a result of microbial transformation by I. farinosa KCH J2.6 effectively biotransformed only 8-bromo-6-chloroflavone into 8-bromo-6-chloroflavone 4'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. B. bassiana KCH J1.5 was able to transform 6-methyl-8-nitroflavone to 6-methyl-8-nitroflavone 4'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, and 3'-bromo-5'-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone to 8-bromo-6-chloroflavanone 3'-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. None of the filamentous fungi used transformed 2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-3'-nitrochalcone effectively. Obtained flavonoid derivatives could be used to fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, all the substrates and products presented in this work are new compounds and are described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Perz
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Dymarska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Tariq H, Asif S, Andleeb A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Flavonoid Production: Current Trends in Plant Metabolic Engineering and De Novo Microbial Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010124. [PMID: 36677049 PMCID: PMC9864322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
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Krawczyk-Łebek A, Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Glycosylation of Methylflavonoids in the Cultures of Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi as a Tool for Obtaining New Biologically Active Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105558. [PMID: 35628367 PMCID: PMC9146141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds are secondary plant metabolites with numerous biological activities; they naturally occur mainly in the form of glycosides. The glucosyl moiety attached to the flavonoid core makes them more stable and water-soluble. The methyl derivatives of flavonoids also show increased stability and intestinal absorption. Our study showed that such flavonoids can be obtained by combined chemical and biotechnological methods with entomopathogenic filamentous fungi as glycosylation biocatalysts. In the current paper, two flavonoids, i.e., 2′-hydroxy-4-methylchalcone and 4′-methylflavone, have been synthesized and biotransformed in the cultures of two strains of entomopathogenic filamentous fungi Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 and Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5. Biotransformation of 2′-hydroxy-4-methylchalcone resulted in the formation of two dihydrochalcone glucopyranoside derivatives in the culture of I. fumosorosea KCH J2 and chalcone glucopyranoside derivative in the case of B. bassiana KCH J1.5. 4′-Methylflavone was transformed in the culture of I. fumosorosea KCH J2 into four products, i.e., 4′-hydroxymethylflavone, flavone 4′-methylene-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, flavone 4′-carboxylic acid, and 4′-methylflavone 3-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. 4′-Methylflavone was not efficiently biotransformed in the culture of B. bassiana KCH J1.5. The computer-aided simulations based on the chemical structures of the obtained compounds showed their improved physicochemical properties and antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective potential.
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8
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4'-Methylflavanone Glycosides Obtained Using Biotransformation in the Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi Cultures as Potential Anticarcinogenic, Antimicrobial, and Hepatoprotective Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105373. [PMID: 35628179 PMCID: PMC9140535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds exhibit numerous biological activities and significantly impact human health. The presence of methyl or glucosyl moieties attached to the flavonoid core remarkably modifies their physicochemical properties and improves intestinal absorption. Combined chemical and biotechnological methods can be applied to obtain such derivatives. In the presented study, 4'-methylflavanone was synthesized and biotransformed in the cultures of three strains of entomopathogenic filamentous fungi, i.e., Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2, Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5, and Isaria farinosa KCH J2.1. The microbial transformation products in the culture of I. fumosorosea KCH J2, flavanone 4'-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, 2-phenyl-(4'-hydroxymethyl)-4-hydroxychromane, and flavanone 4'-carboxylic acid were obtained. Biotransformation of 4'-methylflavanone in the culture of B. bassiana KCH J1.5 resulted in the formation of one main product, i.e., flavanone 4'-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. In the case of I. farinosa KCH J2.6 as a biocatalyst, three products, i.e., flavanone 4'-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, flavanone 4'-carboxylic acid, and 4'-hydroxymethylflavanone 4-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside were obtained. The Swiss-ADME online simulations confirmed the increase in water solubility of 4'-methylflavanone glycosides and analyses performed using the Way2Drug Pass Online prediction tool indicated that flavanone 4'-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 4'-hydroxymethylflavanone 4-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, which had not been previously reported in the literature, are promising anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective agents.
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9
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Ren J, Tang W, Barton CD, Price OM, Mortensen MW, Phillips A, Wald B, Hulme SE, Stanley LP, Hevel J, Zhan J. A highly versatile fungal glucosyltransferase for specific production of quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside in different hosts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:227-245. [PMID: 34874472 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an effective way to improve the water solubility of natural products. In this work, a novel glycosyltransferase gene (BbGT) was discovered from Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme was functionally characterized through in vitro enzymatic reactions as a UDP-glucosyltransferase, converting quercetin to five monoglucosylated and one diglucosylated products. The optimal pH and temperature for BbGT are 35 ℃ and 8.0, respectively. The activity of BbGT was stimulated by Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+, but inhibited by Zn2+. BbGT enzyme is flexible and can glycosylate a variety of substrates such as curcumin, resveratrol, and zearalenone. The enzyme was also expressed in other microbial hosts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas putida, and Pichia pastoris. Interestingly, the major glycosylation product of quercetin in E. coli, P. putida, and P. pastoris was quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, while the enzyme dominantly produced quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside in S. cerevisiae. The BbGT-harboring E. coli and S. cerevisiae strains were used as whole-cell biocatalysts to specifically produce the two valuable quercetin glucosides, respectively. The titer of quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucosides was 0.34 ± 0.02 mM from 0.83 mM quercetin in 24 h by BbGT-harboring E. coli. The yield of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside was 0.22 ± 0.02 mM from 0.41 mM quercetin in 12 h by BbGT-harboring S. cerevisiae. This work thus provides an efficient way to produce two valuable quercetin glucosides through the expression of a versatile glucosyltransferase in different hosts. KEY POINTS: • A highly versatile glucosyltransferase was identified from B. bassiana ATCC 7159. • BbGT converts quercetin to five mono- and one di-glucosylated derivatives in vitro. • Different quercetin glucosides were produced by BbGT in E. coli and S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA
| | - Wenzhu Tang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA.,School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA
| | - Owen M Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Mark Wayne Mortensen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA
| | - Alexandra Phillips
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA
| | - Banner Wald
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA
| | - Simon Elgin Hulme
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA
| | - Logan Powell Stanley
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA
| | - Joan Hevel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4105, USA.
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Kumaravel J, Lalitha K, Arunthirumeni M, Shivakumar MS. Mycosynthesis of bimetallic zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles for control of Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104910. [PMID: 34446186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is an important pest of several crops. Use of chemical insecticides in insect control has not been successful. In the present study, bio-nano formulation of bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using fungal metabolites from Metarhizium anisopliae and tested for insecticidal activity. Metarhizium anisopliae metabolites was synthesized along with bimetallic nanoparticles at different volumes for bioassay studies. Bimetallic nanoparticles showed colour change from light greenish to white. Synthesis of bimetallic NPs was confirmed by UV-vis spectrophotometer, with absorption peak at 387 nm. Functional groups in the synthesized BMNPs were analyzed by FTIR, which showed the presence of functional amines, carboxylic acids, alkenes, alkyl halides, phosphine oxides, anhydrides, phosphines, sulfonates, acid chlorides and alkynes. XRD analysis confirms the crystalline nature of nanoparticles. SEM analysis exhibits, the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with size ranging 9.50 nm. EDaX analysis confirmed the elemental composition of synthesized NPs, while DLS for size distribution ranging at 80 to 137 nm. The larvicidal activity of monometallic and mycogenic bimetallic nanoparticles were tested on third instar S. frugiperda larvae. The highest mortality was observed in BMNPs at a concentration of 100 μg/ml after 48 h exposure. Pupicidal and antifeedant activity was also observed in the tested BMNPs. Detoxification enzymes studies of BMNPs showed considerable lowering these enzyme which may result in toxic manifestation in the insect. These results strongly suggest that, bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized using M. anisopilae can be used for protecting the crops against S. furgiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Kumaravel
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem -11, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandhasamy Lalitha
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem -11, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Arunthirumeni
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem -11, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Xiao Y, Han F, Lee IS. Biotransformation of the Phenolic Constituents from Licorice and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Their Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10109. [PMID: 34576274 PMCID: PMC8465054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation of four bioactive phenolic constituents from licorice, namely licoisoflavanone (1), glycyrrhisoflavone (2), echinatin (3), and isobavachalcone (4), was performed by the selected fungal strain Aspergillus niger KCCM 60332, leading to the isolation of seventeen metabolites (5-21). Structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, twelve of which (5-7, 10-17 and 19) have been previously undescribed. A series of reactions including hydroxylation, hydrogenation, epoxidation, hydrolysis, reduction, cyclization, and alkylation was observed in the biotransformation process. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against three different human cancer cell lines including A375P, MCF-7, and HT-29. Compounds 1 and 12 exhibited most considerable cytotoxic activities against all the cell lines investigated, while compounds 2 and 4 were moderately cytotoxic. These findings will contribute to expanding the chemical diversity of phenolic compounds, and compounds 1 and 12 may serve as leads for the development of potential cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ik-Soo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.X.); (F.H.)
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12
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Krawczyk-Łebek A, Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. New Glycosylated Dihydrochalcones Obtained by Biotransformation of 2'-Hydroxy-2-methylchalcone in Cultures of Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9619. [PMID: 34502528 PMCID: PMC8431761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, including chalcones, are more stable and bioavailable in the form of glycosylated and methylated derivatives. The combined chemical and biotechnological methods can be applied to obtain such compounds. In the present study, 2'-hydroxy-2-methylchalcone was synthesized and biotransformed in the cultures of entomopathogenic filamentous fungi Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5, Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 and Isaria farinosa KCH J2.6, which have been known for their extensive enzymatic system and ability to perform glycosylation of flavonoids. As a result, five new glycosylated dihydrochalcones were obtained. Biotransformation of 2'-hydroxy-2-methylchalcone by B. bassiana KCH J1.5 resulted in four glycosylated dihydrochalcones: 2'-hydroxy-2-methyldihydrochalcone 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, 2',3-dihydroxy-2-methyldihydrochalcone 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, 2'-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyldihydrochalcone 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, and 2',4-dihydroxy-2-methyldihydrochalcone 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. In the culture of I. fumosorosea KCH J2 only one product was formed-3-hydroxy-2-methyldihydrochalcone 2'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. Biotransformation performed by I. farinosa KCH J2.6 resulted in the formation of two products: 2'-hydroxy-2-methyldihydrochalcone 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 2',3-dihydroxy-2-methyldihydrochalcone 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. The structures of all obtained products were established based on the NMR spectroscopy. All products mentioned above may be used in further studies as potentially bioactive compounds with improved stability and bioavailability. These compounds can be considered as flavor enhancers and potential sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.); (T.J.)
| | | | | | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.); (T.J.)
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Krawczyk-Łebek A, Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Fungal Biotransformation of 2'-Methylflavanone and 2'-Methylflavone as a Method to Obtain Glycosylated Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9617. [PMID: 34502526 PMCID: PMC8431774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylated flavonoids are promising pharmaceutical agents due to their improved metabolic stability and increased activity compared to unmethylated forms. The biotransformation in cultures of entomopathogenic filamentous fungi is a valuable method to obtain glycosylated flavones and flavanones with increased aqueous solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, we combined chemical synthesis and biotransformation to obtain methylated and glycosylated flavonoid derivatives. In the first step, we synthesized 2'-methylflavanone and 2'-methylflavone. Afterwards, both compounds were biotransformed in the cultures of two strains of entomopathogenic filamentous fungi Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5 and Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2. We determined the structures of biotransformation products based on NMR spectroscopy. Biotransformations of 2'-methyflavanone in the culture of B. bassiana KCH J1.5 resulted in three glycosylated flavanones: 2'-methylflavanone 6-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, 3'-hydroxy-2'-methylflavanone 6-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, and 2-(2'-methylphenyl)-chromane 4-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, whereas in the culture of I. fumosorosea KCH J2, two other products were obtained: 2'-methylflavanone 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 2-methylbenzoic acid 4-O-β-d-(4'-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. 2'-Methylflavone was effectively biotransformed only by I. fumosorosea KCH J2 into three derivatives: 2'-methylflavone 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, 2'-methylflavone 4'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, and 2'-methylflavone 5'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. All obtained glycosylated flavonoids have not been described in the literature until now and need further research on their biological activity and pharmacological efficacy as potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.); (T.J.)
| | | | | | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.); (T.J.)
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Łużny M, Tronina T, Kozłowska E, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T. Biotransformation of 5,7-Methoxyflavones by Selected Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3879-3886. [PMID: 33780240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
5,7-Dimethoxyflavone, a chrysin derivative, occurs in many plants and shows very low toxicity, even at high doses. On the basis of this phenomenon, we biotransformed a series of methoxy-derivatives of chrysin, apigenin, and tricetin obtained by chemical synthesis. We used entomopathogenic fungal strains with the confirmed ability of simultaneous hydroxylation/demethylation and glycosylation of flavonoid compounds. Both the amount and the place of attachment of the methoxy group influenced the biotransformation rate and the product's amount nascent. Based on product and semi-product structures, it can be concluded that they are the result of cascading transformations. Only in the case of 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone, the strains were able to attach a sugar molecule in place of the methoxy substituent to give 3'-O-β-d-(4″-O-methylglucopyranosyl)-5,7,4',5'-tetramethoxyflavone. However, we observed the tested strains' ability to selectively demethylate/hydroxylate the carbon C-3' and C-4' of ring B of the substrates used. The structures of four hydroxyl-derivatives were determined: 4'-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone, 3'-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone, 3'-hydroxy-5,7,4',5'-tetramethoxyflavone, and 5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-dihydroxyflavone (5,7-dimethoxy-luteolin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Łużny
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Fermentation as an Alternative Process for the Development of Bioinsecticides. FERMENTATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, insect pest control is carried out through the application of synthetic insecticides which have been related to harmful effects on both human and environmental health, as well as to the development of resistant pest populations. In this context, the development of new and natural insecticides is necessary. Agricultural and forestry waste or by-products are very low-cost substrates that can be converted by microorganisms into useful value-added bioactive products through fermentation processes. In this review we discuss recent discoveries of compounds obtained from fermented substrates along with their insecticidal, antifeedant, and repellent activities. Fermentation products obtained from agricultural and forestry waste are described in detail. The fermentation of the pure secondary metabolite such as terpenes and phenols is also included.
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16
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Kim BR, Han AR, Lee IS. Microbial Transformation of Flavonoids in Cultures of Mucor hiemalis. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20977743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites that are well known for their health-promoting properties as nutraceuticals in diets. Bioavailability and biological activities of flavonoids vary among the individual subclasses with different patterns of substitution, inclusive of glycosylation, to their basic structures. Many flavonoids exist as glycosides in plants. This study investigated the possibility of glycosylation of flavonoids through biotransformation using filamentous fungi as whole-cell biocatalysts. Microbial transformations of ten flavonoids (four flavones, four flavonols, a flavanone, and an aurone) were performed in cultures of Mucor hiemalis KCTC 26779. As a result, a flavonoid glycoside was obtained which has not been described previously. The chemical structure of this product was elucidated as 6,2′-dimethoxyflavonol-3- O-β-d-glucopyranoside by analyzing 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectral data. This compound could be useful for further biological and bioavailability studies, as well as expanding the library of flavonoid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Han
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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17
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Naturally Occurring Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids and Their Microbial Transformation: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215112. [PMID: 33153224 PMCID: PMC7663748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites usually produced by plants adapting to changing ecological environments over a long period of time. Therefore, their biosynthesis pathways are considered as the most distinctive natural product pathway in plants. Seemingly, the flavonoids and isoflavones from fungi and actinomycetes have been relatively overlooked. In this review, we summarized and classified the isoflavones and flavonoids derived from fungi and actinomycetes and described their biological activities. Increasing attention has been paid to bioactive substances derived from microorganism whole-cell biotransformation. Additionally, we described the utilization of isoflavones and flavonoids as substrates by fungi and actinomycetes for biotransformation through hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, cyclisation, and hydrogenation reactions to obtain rare and highly active biofunctional derivatives. Overall, among all microorganisms, actinomycetes are the main producers of flavonoids. In our review, we also summarized the functional genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.
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18
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Abstract
Flavonoids are known for their numerous biological activities; however, their pharmacological application is limited by poor bioavailability. Glycosides are usually more stable and more soluble in water and in this form, flavonoids are present in nature. Likewise, the presence of the methyl group in the flavonoid skeleton results in facilitated absorption and greater bioavailability. Entomopathogenic filamentous fungi are effective in the biotransformation of flavonoids; they are known especially for efficient glycosylation. In the current study we used strains of Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5 and Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 to biotransform flavonoids with a single methyl group. 2′-Hydroxy-5′-methylchalcone was biotransformed by both strains into 2′-hydroxy-5′-methylchalcone 3-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. In the culture of B. bassiana KCH J1.5 four products were obtained from 6-methylflavanone: 4′-hydroxy-6-methylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside; 4′-hydroxyflavanone 6-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside; 6-hydroxymethylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 4′-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. Biotransformation with I. fumosorosea KCH J2 as a biocatalyst resulted in the formation of 6-methylflavanone 4′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 2-phenyl-6-methylchromane 4-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. All of these flavonoids can be used in biological activity tests and can be useful in studies concerning structure—bioactivity relationships.
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Biotransformation of Methoxyflavones by Selected Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176121. [PMID: 32854359 PMCID: PMC7503753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and biotransformation of five flavones containing methoxy substituents in the B ring: 2'-, 3'-, 4'-methoxyflavones, 2',5'-dimethoxyflavone and 3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone are described. Strains of entomopathogenic filamentous fungi were used as biocatalysts. Five strains of the species Beauveria bassiana (KCh J1.5, J2.1, J3.2, J1, BBT), two of the species Beauveria caledonica (KCh J3.3, J3.4), one of Isaria fumosorosea (KCh J2) and one of Isaria farinosa (KCh KW 1.1) were investigated. Both the number and the place of attachment of the methoxy groups in the flavonoid structure influenced the biotransformation rate and the amount of nascent products. Based on the structures of products and semi-products, it can be concluded that their formation is the result of a cascading process. As a result of enzymes produced in the cells of the tested strains, the test compounds undergo progressive demethylation and/or hydroxylation and 4-O-methylglucosylation. Thirteen novel flavonoid 4-O-methylglucosides and five hydroxy flavones were isolated and identified.
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20
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Kozłowska E, Matera A, Sycz J, Kancelista A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T. New 6,19-oxidoandrostan derivatives obtained by biotransformation in environmental filamentous fungi cultures. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:37. [PMID: 32066453 PMCID: PMC7026961 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroid compounds with a 6,19-oxirane bridge possess interesting biological activities including anticonvulsant and analgesic properties, bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria and selective anti-glucocorticoid action, while lacking mineralocorticoid and progestagen activity. Results The study aimed to obtain new derivatives of 3β-acetyloxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one by microbial transformation. Twelve filamentous fungal strains were used as catalysts, including entomopathogenic strains with specific activity in the transformation of steroid compounds. All selected strains were characterised by high biotransformation capacity for steroid compounds. However, high substrate conversions were obtained in the cultures of 8 strains: Beauveria bassiana KCh BBT, Beauveria caledonica KCh J3.4, Penicillium commune KCh W7, Penicillium chrysogenum KCh S4, Mucor hiemalis KCh W2, Fusarium acuminatum KCh S1, Trichoderma atroviride KCh TRW and Isaria farinosa KCh KW1.1. Based on gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, it was found that almost all strains hydrolysed the ester bond of the acetyl group. The strain M. hiemalis KCh W2 reduced the carbonyl group additionally. From the P. commune KCh W7 and P. chrysogenum KCh S4 strain cultures a product of D-ring Baeyer–Villiger oxidation was isolated, whereas from the culture of B. bassiana KCh BBT a product of hydroxylation at the 11α position and oxidation of the D ring was obtained. Three 11α-hydroxy derivatives were obtained in the culture of I. farinosa KCh KW1.1: 3β,11α-dihydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one, 3β,11α,19-trihydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one and 3β,11α-dihydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17,19-dione. They are a result of consecutive reactions of hydrolysis of the acetyl group at C-3, 11α- hydroxylation, then hydroxylation at C-19 and its further oxidation to lactone. Conclusions As a result of the biotransformations, seven steroid derivatives, not previously described in the literature, were obtained: 3β-hydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one, 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostane, 3β-hydroxy-5α-chloro-17α-oxa-D-homo-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one, 3β,11α-dihydroxy-5α-chloro-17α-oxa-D-homo-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one and the three above–mentioned 11α-hydroxy derivatives. This study will allow a better understanding and characterisation of the catalytic abilities of individual microorganisms, which is crucial for more accurate planning of experiments and achieving more predictable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agata Matera
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jordan Sycz
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kancelista
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
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Xie L, Zhang L, Bai J, Yue Q, Zhang M, Li J, Wang C, Xu Y. Methylglucosylation of Phenolic Compounds by Fungal Glycosyltransferase-Methyltransferase Functional Modules. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8573-8580. [PMID: 31293156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation endows both natural and synthetic small molecules with modulated physicochemical and biological properties. Plant and bacterial glycosyltransferases capable of decorating various privileged scaffolds have been extensively studied, but those from kingdom Fungi still remain underexploited. Here, we use a combination of genome mining and heterologous expression techniques to identify four novel glycosyltransferase-methyltransferase (GT-MT) functional modules from Hypocreales fungi. These GT-MT modules display decent substrate promiscuity and regiospecificity, methylglucosylating a panel of natural products such as flavonoids, stilbenoids, anthraquinones, and benzenediol lactones. Native GT-MT modules can be split up and regrouped into hybrid modules with similar or even improved efficacy as compared with native pairs. Methylglucosylation of kaempferol considerably improves its insecticidal activity against the larvae of oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker). Our work provides a set of efficient biocatalysts for the combinatorial biosynthesis of small molecule glycosides that may have significant importance to the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xie
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Bai
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Qun Yue
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Kexue Avenue 100 , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection , Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , 437 Dongguan Street , Baoding 071000 , P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 7 Pengfei Road , Shenzhen 518124 , P. R. China
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