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Mohamed IE, Osman EE, Saeed A, Ming LC, Goh KW, Razi P, Abdullah ADI, Dahab M. Plant extracts as emerging modulators of neuroinflammation and immune receptors in Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35943. [PMID: 39229544 PMCID: PMC11369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory loss is becoming an increasingly significant health problem, largely due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), which disrupts the brain in several ways, including causing inflammation and weakening the body's defenses. This study explores the potential of medicinal plants as a source of novel therapeutic agents for AD. First, we tested various plant extracts against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro, following molecular docking simulations with key AD-related protein targets such as MAO-B, P-gp, GSK-3β, and CD14. Rosemary extract was found to be the most inhibitory towards AChE. The compounds found in rosemary (oleanolic acid), sage (pinocembrin), and cinnamon (italicene) showed promise in potentially binding to MAO-B. These chemicals may interact with a key protein in the brain and alter the production and removal of amyloid-β. Luteolin (from rosemary), myricetin (from sage), chamigrene, and italicene (from cinnamon) exhibited potential for inhibiting tau aggregation. Additionally, ursolic acid found in rosemary, sage, and chamigrene from cinnamon could modulate CD14 activity. For the first time, our findings shed light on the intricate interplay between neuroinflammation, neuroprotective mechanisms, and the immune system's role in AD. Further research is needed to validate the in vivo efficacy and safety of these plant-derived compounds, as well as their interactions with key protein targets, which could lead to the development of novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intisar E. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bahri, P.O. Box 2469, Khartoum, 12223, Sudan
| | - Elbadri E. Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, International University of Africa, P.O. Box 2469, Khartoum, 12223, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Saeed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, P.O. Box 2404, Khartoum, 12223, Sudan
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Pakhrur Razi
- Center of Disaster Monitoring and Earth Observation, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Dahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, International University of Africa, P.O. Box 2469, Khartoum, 12223, Sudan
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Ma RX, Zhang SL, Lin FK, Zhu MM, Zhu DR, Liu YM. Alkaloids from Fritillaria przewalskii Bulbs and Their Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400017. [PMID: 38321767 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Three undescribed isosteroidal alkaloids, przewalskines A-C (1-3), as well as seven known alkaloids (4-10) were obtained from Fritillaria przewalskii bulbs. Their structures were deduced by extensive HRESIMS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR analyses, and their bioactivities were evaluated involving the anti-inflammatory and inhibitory potencies on AChE, BChE, and Aβ aggregation. Compound 4 revealed the potent effect on inhibiting Aβ aggregation activity with IC50 value of 33.1 μM, AChE activity with IC50 value of 6.9 μM, and also showed NO release inhibitory acitivity with IC50 value of 32.6 μM. These findings contribute new multi-.target anti-AD agents and embody the chemical diversity of F. przewalskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ke Lin
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Rong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
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3
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Marsh DT, Sugiyama A, Imai Y, Kato R, Smid SD. The structurally diverse phytocannabinoids cannabichromene, cannabigerol and cannabinol significantly inhibit amyloid β-evoked neurotoxicity and changes in cell morphology in PC12 cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:293-309. [PMID: 37697481 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytocannabinoids (pCBs) have been shown to inhibit the aggregation and neurotoxicity of the neurotoxic Alzheimer's disease protein beta amyloid (Aβ). We characterized the capacity of six pCBs-cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC)-to disrupt Aβ aggregation and protect against Aβ-evoked neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. METHODS Neuroprotection against lipid peroxidation and Aβ-induced cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Transmission electron microscopy was used to visualize pCB effects on Aβ aggregation and fluorescence microscopy, with morphometrics and principal component analysis to assess PC12 cell morphology. RESULTS CBD inhibited lipid peroxidation with no significant effect on Aβ toxicity, whilst CBN, CBDV and CBG provided neuroprotection. CBC, CBG and CBN inhibited Aβ1-42 -induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, as did Δ9 -THC, CBD and CBDV. CBC, CBN and CBDV inhibited Aβ aggregation, whilst Δ9 -THC reduced aggregate density. Aβ1-42 induced morphological changes in PC12 cells, including a reduction in neuritic projections and rounded cell morphology. CBC and CBG inhibited this effect, whilst Δ9 -THC, CBD and CBDV did not alter Aβ1-42 effects on cell morphology. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the neuroprotective activity of CBC, CBG and CBN as novel pCBs associated with variable effects on Aβ-evoked neurite damage and inhibition of amyloid β aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Marsh
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ayato Sugiyama
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Imai
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Glyco-core Research (IGCORE), Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Scott D Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Nguyen-Thi PT, Vo TK, Pham THT, Nguyen TT, Van Vo G. Natural flavonoids as potential therapeutics in the management of Alzheimer's disease: a review. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38357675 PMCID: PMC10861420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with the accumulation of proteotoxic Aβ peptides, and pathologically characterized by the deposition of Aβ-enriched plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Given the social and economic burden caused by the rising frequency of AD, there is an urgent need for the development of appropriate therapeutics. Natural compounds are gaining popularity as alternatives to synthetic drugs due to their neuroprotective properties and higher biocompatibility. While natural compound's therapeutic effects for AD have been recently investigated in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, only few have developed to clinical trials. The present review aims to provide a brief overview of the therapeutic effects, new insights, and upcoming perspectives of the preclinical and clinical trials of flavonoids for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuong Kha Vo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Trang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
| | - Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420 Vietnam
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
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5
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Chen L, Mao W, Ren C, Li J, Zhang J. Comprehensive Insights that Targeting PIM for Cancer Therapy: Prospects and Obstacles. J Med Chem 2024; 67:38-64. [PMID: 38164076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proviral integration sitea for Moloney-murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are a family of highly conserved serine/tyrosine kinases consisting of three members, PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3. These kinases regulate a wide range of substrates through phosphorylation and affect key cellular processes such as transcription, translation, proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. Several PIM inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials, such as a phase I clinical trial of Uzanserti (5) for the treatment of relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that has been completed. The current focus encompasses the structural and biological characterization of PIM, ongoing research progress on small-molecule inhibitors undergoing clinical trials, and evaluation analysis of persisting challenges in this field. Additionally, the design and discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting PIM in recent years have been explored, with a particular emphasis on medicinal chemistry, aiming to provide valuable insights for the future development of PIM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Madar P, Nagalapur P, Chaudhari S, Sharma D, Koparde A, Buchade R, Kshirsagar S, Uttekar P, Jadhav S, Chaudhari P. The Unveiling of Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:850-868. [PMID: 38424435 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266282492240220101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a complex pathological landscape, necessitating a comprehensive treatment approach. This concise review paper delves into the idea of addressing multiple mechanisms in AD, summarizing the latest research findings on pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies. The etiology of AD is multifaceted, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The primary feature is the accumulation of amyloid-- beta and tau proteins, leading to neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. Conventional single-target therapies have shown limited effectiveness, prompting a shift toward simultaneously addressing multiple disease-related processes. Recent advancements in AD research underscore the potential of multifaceted therapies. This review explores strategies targeting both tau aggregation and amyloid-beta, along with interventions to alleviate neuroinflammation, enhance synaptic function, and reduce oxidative stress. In conclusion, the review emphasizes the growing importance of addressing various pathways in AD treatment. A holistic approach that targets different aspects of the disease holds promise for developing effective treatments and improving the quality of life for Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Madar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Pooja Nagalapur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Somdatta Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Devesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Akshada Koparde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krishna Foundation's Jaywant Institute of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Karad, India
| | - Rahul Buchade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathwade, Pune, India
| | - Sandip Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D Y Patil College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Pravin Uttekar
- Department of Pharmacuetics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shailaja Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Praveen Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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7
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Ali MU, Anwar L, Ali MH, Iqubal MK, Iqubal A, Baboota S, Ali J. Signalling Pathways Involved in Microglial Activation in Alzheimer's Disease and Potential Neuroprotective Role of Phytoconstituents. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:819-840. [PMID: 36567300 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221223091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a commonly reported neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia and cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of AD comprises Aβ, hyperphosphorylated tau protein formation, abrupt cholinergic cascade, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Recent findings have established the profound role of immunological dysfunction and microglial activation in the pathogenesis of AD. Microglial activation is a multifactorial cascade encompassing various signalling molecules and pathways such as Nrf2/NLRP3/NF-kB/p38 MAPKs/ GSK-3β. Additionally, deposited Aβ or tau protein triggers microglial activation and accelerates its pathogenesis. Currently, the FDA-approved therapeutic regimens are based on the modulation of the cholinergic system, and recently, one more drug, aducanumab, has been approved by the FDA. On the one hand, these drugs only offer symptomatic relief and not a cure for AD. Additionally, no targetedbased microglial medicines are available for treating and managing AD. On the other hand, various natural products have been explored for the possible anti-Alzheimer effect via targeting microglial activation or different targets of microglial activation. Therefore, the present review focuses on exploring the mechanism and associated signalling related to microglial activation and a detailed description of various natural products that have previously been reported with anti-Alzheimer's effect via mitigation of microglial activation. Additionally, we have discussed the various patents and clinical trials related to managing and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Uzair Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Laiba Anwar
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Humair Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Sentiss Research Centre, Department of Product Development, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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8
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Duan Q, Zhang Y, Zhuang W, Li W, He J, Wang Z, Cheng H. Gait Domains May Be Used as an Auxiliary Diagnostic Index for Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1599. [PMID: 38002557 PMCID: PMC10669801 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. We aimed to use principal components factor analysis to explore the association between gait domains and AD under single and dual-task gait assessments. METHODS A total of 41 AD participants and 41 healthy control (HC) participants were enrolled in our study. Gait parameters were measured using the JiBuEn® gait analysis system. The principal component method was used to conduct an orthogonal maximum variance rotation factor analysis of quantitative gait parameters. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding or risk factors. RESULTS Based on the factor analysis, three domains of gait performance were identified both in the free walk and counting backward assessments: "rhythm" domain, "pace" domain and "variability" domain. Compared with HC, we found that the pace factor was independently associated with AD in two gait assessments; the variability factor was independently associated with AD only in the counting backwards assessment; and a statistical difference still remained after adjusting for age, sex and education levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that gait domains may be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Weihao Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenlong Li
- Radiotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Haoran Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Q.D.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.)
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Sıcak Y, Aktar BSK, Yılmaz GT, Öztürk FA, Öztürk M, Tok TT, Emre EE. Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological Activities, Structure-Activity Relationship, and In Silico Studies of Novel 5-Substituted-2-(morpholinoimino)-thiazolidin-4-ones. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38641-38657. [PMID: 37867693 PMCID: PMC10586451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to synthesize morpholine- and thiazolidine-based novel 5-(substituted)benzylidene)-2-(morpholinoimino)-3-phenylthiazolidin-4-ones (3-26) and characterized by molecular spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were subjected to antioxidant activity with anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, and urease inhibition activities and evaluated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of enzyme inhibition activities. Compound 11 was found to be the most active antioxidant. In anticholinesterase inhibition, compound 12 (IC50: 17.41 ± 0.22 μM) was the most active against AChE, while compounds 3-26 ( except 3, 8, and 17) showed notable activity against BChE. Compounds 17 (IC50: 3.22 ± 0.70 mM), 15 (IC50: 5.19 ± 0.03 mM), 24 (IC50: 7.21 ± 0.27 mM), 23 (IC50: 8.05 ± 0.11 mM), 14 (IC50: 8.10 ± 0.22 mM), 25 (IC50: 8.40 ± 0.64 mM), 26 (IC50: 8.76 ± 0.90 mM), and 22 (IC50: 9.13 ± 0.55 mM) produced higher tyrosinase inhibition activity. In urease inhibition activity, compounds 20 (IC50: 16.79 ± 0.19 μM), 19 (IC50: 18.25 ± 0.50 μM), 18 (IC50: 20.24 ± 0.77 μM), 26 (IC50: 21.51 ± 0.44 μM), 25 (IC50: 21.70 ± 0.06 μM), and 24 (IC50: 22.49 ± 0.11 μM) demonstrated excellent activities. Besides, the molecular docking study was applied to better understand the inhibitory mechanism between (1-26) compounds and enzymes at the molecular level. According to the results of this study, the synthesized compounds exhibited a better binding affinity toward these enzymes compared to the positive control. Further, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) binding free energy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses were performed for AChE with compound 26, which showed high inhibitory activity in silico and in vitro studies. In conclusion, novel morpholine and thiazolidine-based derivative compounds may be pharmacologically effective agents for AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, and urease enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Sıcak
- Department
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Köyceğiz Vocational
School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman
University, Köyceğiz, Muğla 48800, Turkey
| | - Bedriye Seda Kurşun Aktar
- Department
of Hair Care and Beauty Services, Yeşilyurt Vocational School, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tatar Yılmaz
- Department
of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aydoğmuş Öztürk
- Department
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Köyceğiz Vocational
School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman
University, Köyceğiz, Muğla 48800, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Öztürk
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla
Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48121, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Taşkın Tok
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Emine Elçin
Oruç Emre
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
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Weishaupt AK, Kubens L, Ruecker L, Schwerdtle T, Aschner M, Bornhorst J. A Reliable Method Based on Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Quantification of Neurotransmitters in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2023; 28:5373. [PMID: 37513246 PMCID: PMC10385323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters like dopamine (DA), serotonin (SRT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh) are messenger molecules that play a pivotal role in transmitting excitation between neurons across chemical synapses, thus enabling complex processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Balance in neurotransmitter homeostasis is essential, and altered neurotransmitter levels are associated with various neurological disorders, e.g., loss of dopaminergic neurons (Parkinson's disease) or altered ACh synthesis (Alzheimer's disease). Therefore, it is crucial to possess adequate tools to assess precise neurotransmitter levels, and to apply targeted therapies. An established in vivo model to study neurotoxicity is the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), as its neurons have been well characterized and functionally are analogous to mammals. We have developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method including a sample preparation assuring neurotransmitter stability, which allows a simultaneous neurotransmitter quantification of DA, SRT, GABA and ACh in C. elegans, but can easily be applied to other matrices. LC-MS/MS combined with isotope-labeled standards is the tool of choice, due to its otherwise unattainable sensitivity and specificity. Using C. elegans together with our analytically validated and verified method provides a powerful tool to evaluate mechanisms of neurotoxicity, and furthermore to identify possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Weishaupt
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (A.-K.W.); (L.K.); (L.R.)
- TraceAge—DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Laura Kubens
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (A.-K.W.); (L.K.); (L.R.)
- Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lysann Ruecker
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (A.-K.W.); (L.K.); (L.R.)
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge—DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (A.-K.W.); (L.K.); (L.R.)
- TraceAge—DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
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11
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Firouzi R, Sowlati-Hashjin S, Chávez-García C, Ashouri M, Karimi-Jafari MH, Karttunen M. Identification of Catechins' Binding Sites in Monomeric A β42 through Ensemble Docking and MD Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098161. [PMID: 37175868 PMCID: PMC10179585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) into toxic oligomers and fibrils is associated with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Therefore, disrupting amyloid assembly by direct targeting of the Aβ monomeric form with small molecules or antibodies is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, given the dynamic nature of Aβ, standard computational tools cannot be easily applied for high-throughput structure-based virtual screening in drug discovery projects. In the current study, we propose a computational pipeline-in the framework of the ensemble docking strategy-to identify catechins' binding sites in monomeric Aβ42. It is shown that both hydrophobic aromatic interactions and hydrogen bonding are crucial for the binding of catechins to Aβ42. Additionally, it has been found that all the studied ligands, especially EGCG, can act as potent inhibitors against amyloid aggregation by blocking the central hydrophobic region of Aβ. Our findings are evaluated and confirmed with multi-microsecond MD simulations. Finally, it is suggested that our proposed pipeline, with low computational cost in comparison with MD simulations, is a suitable approach for the virtual screening of ligand libraries against Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohoullah Firouzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran 1496813151, Iran
| | | | - Cecilia Chávez-García
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mitra Ashouri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6619, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Karimi-Jafari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6619, Iran
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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12
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Gupta S, Dasmahapatra AK. Enhanced stability of a disaggregated Aβ fibril on removal of ligand inhibits refibrillation: An all atom Molecular Dynamics simulation study. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124481. [PMID: 37076062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The extraneuronally deposited senile plaques, composed of neurotoxic aggregates of Aβ fibril, define Alzheimer's disease (AD). Natural compounds have been tested for their destabilization potential on Aβ fibril, thereby curing AD. However, the resultant destabilized Aβ fibril, needs to be checked for its irreversibility to the native organized state after removal of the ligand. Herein, we assessed the stability of a destabilized fibril after the ligand (ellagic acid represented as REF) is removed from the complex. The study has been conducted via Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation of 1 μs for both Aβ-Water (control) and Aβ-REF″ (test or REF removed) system. The increased value of RMSD, Rg, SASA, lower β-sheet content and reduced number of H-bonds explains enhanced destabilization observed in Aβ-REF″ system. The increased inter-chain distance demonstrates breaking of the residual contacts, testifying the drift of terminal chains from the pentamer. The increased SASA along with the ∆Gps(polar solvation energy) accounts for the reduced interaction amongst residues, and more with solvent molecules, governing irreversibility to native state. The higher Gibb's free energy of the misaligned structure of Aβ-REF″ ensures irreversibility to the organized structure due to its inability to cross such high energy barrier. The observed stability of the disaggregated structure, despite ligand elimination, establishes the effectiveness of the destabilization technique as a promising therapeutic approach towards treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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13
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Olasunkanmi OI, Fei Y, Avala Ntsigouaye J, Yi M, Wang Y, Liu J, Cheng W, Megeto J, Bashir T, Chen Y, Xu W, Lin L, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zhong Z. Antiviral Activity of trans-Hexenoic Acid against Coxsackievirus B and Enterovirus A71. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0086822. [PMID: 36786598 PMCID: PMC10019289 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00868-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus infections are life-threatening viral infections which occur mainly among children and are possible causes of viral outbreak. Until now, treatment and management of infections caused by members of the genus Enterovirus largely depended on supportive care, and no antiviral medications are currently approved for the treatment of most of these infections. The urgency of discovering new therapeutic options for the treatment of enterovirus infection is increasing. In the present study, we identified that trans-2-hexenoic acid (THA), a natural product from a dietary source, possesses antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B (CVB) and enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) in a dose-dependent manner. We found that THA possesses antiviral activity at 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 2.9 μM and 3.21 μM against CVB3 and EV-A71 infections, respectively. The time of addition assay revealed that THA inhibits both CVB3 and EV-A71 replication at the entry stage of infection. Additional results from this study further suggest that THA inhibits viral replication by blocking viral entry. Given that THA has received approval as a food additive, treatment of enterovirus infections with THA might be a safe therapeutic option or could pave the way for semisynthetic manufacturing of more antiviral drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanru Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Ming Yi
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinchang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weixu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - James Megeto
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tahira Bashir
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weizhen Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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14
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Banerjee S, Baghel D, Pacheco de Oliveira A, Ghosh A. β-Carotene, a Potent Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor, Promotes Disordered Aβ Fibrillar Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065175. [PMID: 36982248 PMCID: PMC10049578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) into fibrillar aggregates is a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. β-carotene and related compounds have been shown to associate with amyloid aggregates and have direct impact on the formation of amyloid fibrils. However, the precise effect of β-carotene on the structure of amyloid aggregates is not known, which poses a limitation towards developing it as a potential AD therapeutic. In this report, we use nanoscale AFM-IR spectroscopy to probe the structure of Aβ oligomers and fibrils at the single aggregate level and demonstrate that the main effect of β-carotene towards modulating Aβ aggregation is not to inhibit fibril formation but to alter the secondary structure of the fibrils and promote fibrils that lack the characteristic ordered beta structure.
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15
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Khan S, Hassan MI, Shahid M, Islam A. Nature's Toolbox Against Tau Aggregation: An Updated Review of Current Research. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101924. [PMID: 37004844 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Tau aggregation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Hyperphosphorylated tau is believed to contribute to the degeneration of neurons and the development of these complex diseases. Therefore, one potential treatment for these illnesses is to prevent or counteract tau aggregation. In recent years, interest has been increasing in developing nature-derived tau aggregation inhibitors as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers have become increasingly interested in natural compounds with multifunctional features, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, resveratrol, and curcumin, since these molecules can interact simultaneously with the various targets of AD. Recent studies have demonstrated that several natural compounds can inhibit tau aggregation and promote the disassembly of pre-formed tau aggregates. Nature-derived tau aggregation inhibitors hold promise as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders. However, it is important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which these compounds exert their effects and their safety and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. Nature-derived inhibitors of tau aggregation are a promising new direction in the research of neurodegenerative complexities. This review focuses on the natural products that have proven to be a rich supply for inhibitors in tau aggregation and their uses in neurodegenerative complexities, including AD.
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Ajala A, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Abechi SE, Ramu R, Al-Ghorbani M. Natural product inhibitors as potential drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease: Structural-based drug design, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation experiments, and ADMET predictions. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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17
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He M, Park C, Shin Y, Kim J, Cho E. N-Feruloyl Serotonin Attenuates Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Aβ 25-35-Treated Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041610. [PMID: 36838597 PMCID: PMC9963151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition have been identified as a critical feature in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a series of functional alterations including neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. N-feruloyl serotonin (FS) is a plant-derived component that exerts antioxidant activity. This study investigated the protective effects of FS on Aβ25-35-treated neuronal damage by regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The radical scavenging activities increased with the concentration of FS, exhibiting in vitro antioxidant activity. The Aβ25-35-treated SH-SY5Y cells exerted neuronal cell injury by decreased cell viability and elevated reactive oxygen species, but that was recovered by FS treatment. In addition, treatment of FS increased anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and decreased the pro-apoptotic factor Bcl-2-associated X protein. The FS attenuated Aβ-stimulated neuronal apoptosis by regulations of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, activated CREB-BDNF signaling was observed by the treatment of FS in Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrate that FS shows potential neuroprotective effects on Aβ25-35-induced neuronal damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and suggest that FS may be considered a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitong He
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhum Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Research Institute of Medical-Bio Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusu Shin
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Eunju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (E.C.)
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18
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Formulation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with neuroprotective flavonoid from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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19
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Anti-Neuroinflammatory Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031486. [PMID: 36771152 PMCID: PMC9920976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is the main cause of dementia in the elderly. Much evidence shows that the onset and late symptoms of AD are caused by multiple factors. Among them, aging is the main factor in the pathogenesis of AD, and the most important risk factor for AD is neuroinflammation. So far, there is no cure for AD, but the relationship between neuroinflammation and AD may provide a new strategy for the treatment of AD. We herein discussed the main etiology hypothesis of AD and the role of neuroinflammation in AD, as well as anti-inflammatory natural products with the potential to prevent and alleviate AD symptoms, including alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols, which are available with great potential for the development of anti-AD drugs.
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20
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Gupta S, Dasmahapatra AK. Destabilization of Aβ fibrils by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:581-598. [PMID: 34856889 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2009915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The senile plaques of neurotoxic aggregates of Aβ protein, deposited extraneuronally, mark the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The natural compounds such as omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which can access blood-brain barrier, are believed to be potential disruptors of preformed Aβ fibrils to cure AD with unknown mechanism. Herein, we present the destabilization potential of three ω-3 PUFAs, viz. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (HXA), and α-linolenic acid (LNL) by molecular dynamics simulation. After an initial testing of 300 ns, EPA and HXA have been considered further for extended production run time, 500 ns. The increased value of root mean square deviation (RMSD), radius of gyration, and solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), the reduced number of H-bonds and β-sheet content, and disruption of salt bridges and hydrophobic contacts establish the binding of these ligands to Aβ fibril leading to destabilization. The polar head was found to interact with positively charged lysine (K28) residue in the fibril. However, the hydrophobicity of the long aliphatic tail competes with the intrinsic hydrophobic interactions of Aβ fibril. This amphiphilic nature of EPA and HXA led to the breaking of inherent hydrophobic contacts and formation of new bonds between the tail of PUFA and hydrophobic residues of Aβ fibril, leading to the destabilization of fibril. The Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) results explain the binding of EPA and HXA to Aβ fibril by interacting with different residues. The destabilization potential of EPA and HXA establishes them as promising drug leads to cure AD, and encourages prospecting of other fatty acids for therapeutic intervention in AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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21
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Roy R, Paul S. Illustrating the Effect of Small Molecules Derived from Natural Resources on Amyloid Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:600-615. [PMID: 36638829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The onset of amyloidogenic diseases is associated with the misfolding and aggregation of proteins. Despite extensive research, no effective therapeutics are yet available to treat these chronic degenerative diseases. Targeting the aggregation of disease-specific proteins is regarded as a promising new approach to treat these diseases. In the past few years, rapid progress in this field has been made in vitro, in vivo, and in silico to generate potential drug candidates, ranging from small molecules to polymers to nanoparticles. Small molecular probes, mostly those derived from natural sources, have been of particular interest among amyloid inhibitors. Here, we summarize some of the most important natural small molecular probes which can inhibit the aggregation of Aβ, hIAPP, and α-syn peptides and discuss how their binding efficacy and preference for the peptides vary with their structure and conformation. This provides a comprehensive idea of the crucial factors which should be incorporated into the future design of novel drug candidates useful for the treatment of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Assam-781039, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Assam-781039, India
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22
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Brockmueller A, Mahmoudi N, Movaeni AK, Mueller AL, Kajbafzadeh AM, Shakibaei M, Zolbin MM. Stem Cells and Natural Agents in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A New Approach. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:39-53. [PMID: 36112254 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases refer to a group of neurological disorders as a consequence of various destructive illnesses, that predominantly impact neurons in the central nervous system, resulting in impairments in certain brain functions. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative disorders represent a major risk to human health. In order to optimize structural and functional recovery, reconstructive methods integrate many approaches now, to address the complex and multivariate pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells, with their unique property of regeneration, offer new possibilities in regenerative and reconstructive medicine. Concurrently, there is an important role for natural products in controlling many health sufferings and they can delay or even prevent the onset of various diseases. In addition, due to their therapeutic properties, they have been used as neuroprotective agents to treat neurodegenerative disorders. After decades of intensive research, scientists made advances in treating these disorders so far, but current therapies are still not capable of preventing the illnesses from progressing. Therefore, in this review, we focused on a new perspective combining stem cells and natural products as an innovative therapy option in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Negin Mahmoudi
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kian Movaeni
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Q, Li J, Sun Y, Song S, Li X, Chen G. Neoagarohexaose Protects against Amyloid β-Induced Oxidative Stress and Aggregation. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Pak ME, Yang HJ, Li W, Kim JK, Go Y. Yuk-Gunja-Tang attenuates neuronal death and memory impairment via ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampi of experimental Alzheimer’s disease model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014840. [PMID: 36386241 PMCID: PMC9643579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuk-Gunja-Tang (YG) is the Korean traditional medicine in East Asia for gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study, we determined the protective effects of YG on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells and mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. In vitro assessments were performed using a cell viability assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, while in vivo assessments were performed in C57BL/6 mice administered with YG for 7 days and injected with scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for 7 days. We assessed the memory function using the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tests. Protein expression analyses and histological analyses were performed using hippocampal tissues. YG treatment significantly restored cell viability against glutamate-induced apoptosis. It significantly suppressed glutamate-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. It also increased Bcl-2 protein expression and decreased HO-1 protein expression. It activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element binding protein (ERK/CREB) signaling pathway and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) under excitotoxic conditions. In the scopolamine-injected mice, YG ameliorated memory impairment in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tests; restored dysfunction in the acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase expression levels; reduced neuronal damage in Nissl staining; and increased BDNF and phosphorylated ERK and CREB levels in Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Thus, YG exerted neuroprotective effects by activating ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampus, indicating its potential cognition-enhancing effects, especially in Alzheimer’s disease.
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25
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Neuroprotective Effect of Artichoke-Based Nanoformulation in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Amyloidogenic Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101202. [PMID: 36297313 PMCID: PMC9610800 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast socio-economic impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has prompted the search for new neuroprotective agents with good tolerability and safety profile. With its outstanding role as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, alongside its anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, the artichoke can be implemented in a multi-targeted approach in AD therapy. Moreover, artichoke agricultural wastes can represent according to the current United Nations Sustainable Development goals an opportunity to produce medicinally valuable phenolic-rich extracts. In this context, the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS phytochemical characterization of artichoke bracts extract revealed the presence of mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids and apigenin, luteolin, and kaempferol O-glycosides with remarkable total phenolics and flavonoids contents. A broad antioxidant spectrum was established in vitro. Artichoke-loaded, chitosan-coated, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared and characterized for their size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, release, and ex vivo permeation and showed suitable colloidal characteristics, a controlled release profile, and promising ex vivo permeation, indicating possibly better physicochemical and biopharmaceutical parameters than free artichoke extract. The anti-Alzheimer potential of the extract and prepared SLNs was assessed in vivo in streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer mice. A great improvement in cognitive functions and spatial memory recovery, in addition to a marked reduction of the inflammatory biomarker TNF-α, β-amyloid, and tau protein levels, were observed. Significant neuroprotective efficacy in dentate Gyrus sub-regions was achieved in mice treated with free artichoke extract and to a significantly higher extent with artichoke-loaded SLNs. The results clarify the strong potential of artichoke bracts extract as a botanical anti-AD drug and will contribute to altering the future medicinal outlook of artichoke bracts previously regarded as agro-industrial waste.
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26
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Gezici S, Sekeroglu N. Comparative biological analyses on kenger and kenger coffee as novel functional food products. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2328-2338. [PMID: 35602445 PMCID: PMC9114238 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The current research was conducted to investigate neuroprotective, anticancer, antiproliferative and apoptotic DNA fragmentation potentials of the extracts obtained from aerial-parts, raw-fruits, and coffee samples (prepared by roasting and boiled-roasting) of kenger (Gundelia tournefortii var. armata). Neuroprotection capacities of the samples were screened against enzymes that are linked to the progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Since the oxidative damage is closely related to the development of neurodegeneration and cancer, the extracts were also analyzed for their antioxidant activities. Anticancer and antiproliferative activities of the samples were evaluated towards A549, MCF-7, and HeLa cells, and they exhibited remarkable anticancer activities in dose-and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, the apoptotic activity regarding DNA fragmentation was also imaged. The extracts obtained from the aerial-parts and raw-fruits of kenger possessed the highest anticancer and antiproliferative activities on HeLa cells with the IC50 values varied from 290.71 ± 0.69 to 342.46 ± 0.42, whilst kenger coffee samples had the weakest activity on the cell death towards MCF-7. However, the tested extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activities, in which the best reducing antioxidant capacity was defined in the raw-fruits and aerial-parts of the extracts. The roasted-coffee samples had the best inhibition on tyrosinase (88.26 ± 0.15%, p < 0.05), while the raw fruit-EtOH extract showed the highest inhibition on AChE and BChE enzymes (39.10 ± 2.01%, p < 0.01 and 72.69 ± 0.16%, p < 0.016, respectively). Consequently, research outputs provide noteworthy data on the usage of kenger for the nutraceutical and the healthy food industries. Graphic abstract Enhanced light harvesting, higher donor density, appropriate band bending, lowest charge transfer radius of C-Ag-ZnO hybrid signifies that efficient charge transfer and restriction to charge recombination leading to the enhanced PEC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gezici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center (ATARC), Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
| | - Nazim Sekeroglu
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center (ATARC), Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
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Resveratrol and neuroprotection: an insight into prospective therapeutic approaches against Alzheimer's disease from bench to bedside. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4384-4404. [PMID: 35545730 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive impairment; yet, there is currently no treatment. A buildup of Aβ, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in AD is pathogenic. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in these neurocognitive areas is a significant characteristic of the disease. Therefore, inhibiting Aβ peptide aggregation has been proposed as the critical therapeutic approach for AD treatment. Resveratrol has been demonstrated in multiple studies to have a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristic and the ability to minimize Aβ peptides aggregation and toxicity in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients, stimulating neurogenesis and inhibiting hippocampal degeneration. Furthermore, resveratrol's antioxidant effect promotes neuronal development by activating the silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1), which can protect against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. Resveratrol-induced SIRT1 activation is becoming more crucial in developing novel therapeutic options for AD and other diseases that have neurodegenerative characteristics. This review highlighted a better knowledge of resveratrol's mechanism of action and its promising therapeutic efficacy in treating AD. We also highlighted the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an AD therapeutic agent, which is effective against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Toxins Produced by Marine Dinoflagellates: An Issue to Explore. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040253. [PMID: 35447926 PMCID: PMC9029327 DOI: 10.3390/md20040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examined the toxins naturally produced by marine dinoflagellates and their effects on increases in β-amyloid plaques along with tau protein hyperphosphorylation, both major drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This approach is in line with the demand for certain natural compounds, namely those produced by marine invertebrates that have the potential to be used in the treatment of AD. Current advances in AD treatment are discussed as well as the main factors that potentially affect the puzzling global AD pattern. This study focused on yessotoxins (YTXs), gymnodimine (GYM), spirolides (SPXs), and gambierol, all toxins that have been shown to reduce β-amyloid plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, thus preventing the neuronal or synaptic dysfunction that ultimately causes the cell death associated with AD (or other neurodegenerative diseases). Another group of toxins described, okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives, inhibit protein phosphatase activity, which facilitates the presence of phosphorylated tau proteins. A few studies have used OA to trigger AD in zebrafish, providing an opportunity to test in vivo the effectiveness of new drugs in treating or attenuating AD. Constraints on the production of marine toxins for use in these tests have been considered. Different lines of research are anticipated regarding the action of the two groups of toxins.
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Kamli MR, Sharaf AAM, Sabir JSM, Rather IA. Phytochemical Screening of Rosmarinus officinalis L. as a Potential Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant-Medicinal Plant for Cognitive Decline Disorders. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040514. [PMID: 35214846 PMCID: PMC8877369 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by cholinergic agents has been promoted as a potent strategy for treating and managing cognitive decline disorders. A wide range of natural products has long been used as potential sources or formulations of cholinergic inhibitors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate different Rosmarinus officinalis L. (R. officinalis) extracts for their AChE inhibitory activity using galanthamine as a standard AChE inhibitor. In this study, the ethyl-acetate extract (at a concentration of 250 µg/mL) exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect against AChE with significant inhibition of 75%, comparable to the inhibitor galanthamine with an inhibition of 88%. Kinetic analysis revealed that the extracts could induce a mixed type of inhibition, as observed in the case of galanthamine, with the highest increased Km and decreased Vmax values in the ethyl acetate extract. The antioxidant potential of the three extracts tested was found to be in the order of ethyl-acetate > ethanol > aqueous, with IC50 values of 272 µg/mL, 387 µg/mL, and 534 µg/mL, respectively. Ethyl-acetate was found to have the highest total phenolic content in all extracts. Further, in silico study showed structural binding characterization of rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid with human AChE enzyme. Rosmarinic acid showed strong binding and formed two hydrogen-bonding interactions with Ser-293 and Arg-296. In light of this, the ethyl-acetate extract of the plant may provide some novel potential pharmacological leads for treating and managing cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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The Study of Steaming Durations and Temperatures on the Chemical Characterization, Neuroprotective, and Antioxidant Activities of Panax notoginseng. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3698518. [PMID: 35035502 PMCID: PMC8758266 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines and has extensive pharmacological effects. Recent studies demonstrated that PN exhibited pharmacological effect related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether steaming process can boost its anti-AD activity is still unexplored. To fill this gap, effects of steaming durations and temperatures on the chemical characterization, neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of PN were systematically investigated in this study. HPLC fingerprint coupled with quantitative analysis demonstrated striking conversion of original saponins to less polar ones with the increase in the steaming time and temperature. In the viewpoint of anti-AD activity on neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, several steamed PN samples (110°C-6/8/10 h, 120°C ‐4/6 h samples) displayed a significant increase both in cell viability and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) values compared with the no steamed one (P < 0.01 or P < 0.005). Steaming temperature had the greater impact on the change of chemical composition and anti-AD activity of PN. Moreover, the spectrum-effect relationship analysis revealed that the transformed saponins were partially responsible for the increased neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steamed PN. Therefore, steamed PN could be used as a potential crude drug for prevention and treatment of AD.
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de Almeida RBM, de Almeida Luz RLS, Leite FHA, Botura MB. A Review on the in vitro Evaluation of the Anticholinesterase Activity Based on Ellman's Method. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1803-1813. [PMID: 34711159 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211027104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cholinesterases is a common strategy for the treatment of several disorders, especially Alzheimer´s disease. In vitro assays represent a critical step towards identifying molecules with potential anticholinesterase effect. This study aimed at providing a comprehensive review of the methodologies used in vitro for the anticholinesterase activity based on the spectrophotometry of Ellman's method. This work used two databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) to search for original articles and selected publications between 1961 and 2019, which reported in vitro spectrophotometry assays for anticholinesterase activity. After the search process and the selection of publications, the final sample consisted of 146 articles published in several journals submitted by researchers from different countries. Although the studies analyzed in this work are all within the same conception of in vitro tests based on Ellman's method, one can observe a wide divergence in the origin and concentration of enzyme, the choice and pH of the buffer, the concentration of the substrate, the sample diluent, incubation time, temperature, and time of the spectrophotometric reading interval. There is no consensus in the methodology of studies with in vitro tests for anticholinesterase assessment. The methodological variations related to kinetic parameters may interfere in the characterization of cholinesterase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franco Henrique Andrade Leite
- Laboratório de Quimioinformática e Avaliação Biológica, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Brazil
| | - Mariana Borges Botura
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Brazil
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Rezaee N, Fernando WB, Hone E, Sohrabi HR, Johnson SK, Gunzburg S, Martins RN. Potential of Sorghum Polyphenols to Prevent and Treat Alzheimer's Disease: A Review Article. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:729949. [PMID: 34690742 PMCID: PMC8527926 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.729949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and the build-up of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. This leads to neuronal damage, cell death and consequently results in memory and learning impairments leading to dementia. Although the exact cause of AD is not yet clear, numerous studies indicate that oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contribute to its onset and progression. There is no effective therapeutic approach to stop the progression of AD and its associated symptoms. Thus, early intervention, preferably, pre-clinically when the brain is not significantly affected, is a better option for effective treatment. Natural polyphenols (PP) target multiple AD-related pathways such as protecting the brain from Aβ and tau neurotoxicity, ameliorating oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Among natural products, the cereal crop sorghum has some unique features. It is one of the major global grain crops but in the developed world, it is primarily used as feed for farm animals. A broad range of PP, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins are present in sorghum grain including some classes such as proanthocyanidins that are rarely found in others plants. Pigmented varieties of sorghum have the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity which potentially makes their consumption beneficial for human health through different pathways such as oxidative stress reduction and thus the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the potential of sorghum PP to beneficially affect the neuropathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Rezaee
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - W.M.A.D. Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Future Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ingredients by Design Pty Ltd., Lesmurdie, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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de Oliveira J, Kucharska E, Garcez ML, Rodrigues MS, Quevedo J, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Budni J. Inflammatory Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Review of Experimental Findings. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102581. [PMID: 34685563 PMCID: PMC8533897 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Most AD patients develop the disease in late life, named late onset AD (LOAD). Currently, the most recognized explanation for AD pathology is the amyloid cascade hypothesis. It is assumed that amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition are critical pathogenic processes in AD, leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, as well as neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal cell death, synaptic degeneration, and dementia. In LOAD, the causes of Aβ accumulation and neuronal loss are not completely clear. Importantly, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption seems to present an essential role in the induction of neuroinflammation and consequent AD development. In addition, we propose that the systemic inflammation triggered by conditions like metabolic diseases or infections are causative factors of BBB disruption, coexistent inflammatory cascade and, ultimately, the neurodegeneration observed in AD. In this regard, the use of anti-inflammatory molecules could be an interesting strategy to treat, delay or even halt AD onset and progression. Herein, we review the inflammatory cascade and underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis and revise the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds as emerging therapeutic drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences, Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, The University of Texas Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Josiane Budni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-48431-2539
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Uliassi E, de Oliveira AS, de Camargo Nascente L, Romeiro LAS, Bolognesi ML. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) as a Source of Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:5441. [PMID: 34576912 PMCID: PMC8466601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with a multifaceted pathogenesis. This fact has long halted the development of effective anti-AD drugs. Recently, a therapeutic strategy based on the exploitation of Brazilian biodiversity was set with the aim of discovering new disease-modifying and safe drugs for AD. In this review, we will illustrate our efforts in developing new molecules derived from Brazilian cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a natural oil and a byproduct of cashew nut food processing, with a high content of phenolic lipids. The rational modification of their structures has emerged as a successful medicinal chemistry approach to the development of novel anti-AD lead candidates. The biological profile of the newly developed CNSL derivatives towards validated AD targets will be discussed together with the role of these molecular targets in the context of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andressa Souza de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (A.S.d.O.); (L.d.C.N.)
| | - Luciana de Camargo Nascente
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (A.S.d.O.); (L.d.C.N.)
| | - Luiz Antonio Soares Romeiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (A.S.d.O.); (L.d.C.N.)
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Baiseitova A, Shah AB, Kim JY, Ban YJ, Kim JH, Nafiah MA, Park KH. O-alkylated quercetins with selective acetylcholinesterase and β-secretase inhibitions from Melicope glabra leaves, and their flavonols profile by LC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081852. [PMID: 34440621 PMCID: PMC8393707 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging. Due to the age-related decline in different anti-AGE mechanisms, including detoxifying mechanisms and proteolytic capacities, glycated biomolecules are accumulated during normal aging in our body in a tissue-dependent manner. Viewed in this way, anti-AGE detoxifying systems are proposed as therapeutic targets to fight pathological dysfunction associated with AGE accumulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge related to the protective mechanisms against glycative stress, with a special emphasis on the glyoxalase system as the primary mechanism for detoxifying the reactive intermediates of glycation. This review focuses on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system, and the rate-limiting enzyme of this catalytic process. Although GLO1 is ubiquitously expressed, protein levels and activities are regulated in a tissue-dependent manner. We provide a comparative analysis of GLO1 protein in different tissues. Our findings indicate a role for the glyoxalase system in homeostasis in the eye retina, a highly oxygenated tissue with rapid protein turnover. We also describe modulation of the glyoxalase system as a therapeutic target to delay the development of age-related diseases and summarize the literature that describes the current knowledge about nutritional compounds with properties to modulate the glyoxalase system.
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GC-MS Metabolic Profile and α-Glucosidase-, α-Amylase-, Lipase-, and Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitory Activities of Eight Peach Varieties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144183. [PMID: 34299456 PMCID: PMC8306053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of certain digestive enzymes by target food matrices represents a new approach in the treatment of socially significant diseases. Proving the ability of fruits to inhibit such enzymes can support the inclusion of specific varieties in the daily diets of patients with diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, etc., providing them with much more than just valuable micro- and macromolecules. The current study aimed atidentifying and comparing the GC-MS metabolic profiles of eight peach varieties ("Filina", "Ufo 4, "Gergana", "Laskava", "July Lady", "Flat Queen", "Evmolpiya", and "Morsiani 90") grown in Bulgaria (local and introduced) and to evaluate the inhibitory potential of their extracts towards α-glucosidase, α-amylase, lipase, and acetylcholinesterase. In order to confirm samples' differences or similarities, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were also applied to the identified metabolites. The results provide important insights into the metabolomic profiles of the eight peach varieties and represent a first attempt to characterize the peels of the peach varieties with respect to α-glucosidase-, α-amylase-, lipase-, and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activities. All of the studied peach extracts displayed inhibitory activity towards α-glucosidase (IC50: 125-757 mg/mL) and acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 60-739 mg/mL), but none of them affected α-amylase activity. Five of the eight varieties showed inhibitory activity towards porcine pancreatic lipase (IC50: 24-167 mg/mL). The obtained results validate the usefulness of peaches and nectarines as valuable sources of natural agents beneficial for human health, although further detailed investigation should be performed in order to thoroughly identify the enzyme inhibitors responsible for each activity.
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Effects of Acupuncture on Oxidative Stress Amelioration via Nrf2/ARE-Related Pathways in Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6624976. [PMID: 33995547 PMCID: PMC8096560 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6624976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is responsible for the pathogeneses of various diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired DNA repair, and cellular damage followed by oxidative stress contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Acupuncture is a traditional therapy that has been practiced for >3000 years in Asia. Many studies have demonstrated that acupuncture has notable antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is crucial in regulating the redox equilibrium. Activated Nfr2 translocates into the nucleus, binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), and initiates antioxidative enzyme transcription. In this review, we demonstrated the effects of acupuncture on oxidative stress amelioration in AD and PD animal models through Nrf2/ARE pathway activation and Nrf2/ARE-related pathway regulation. Thus, acupuncture could be a therapeutic option for AD and PD.
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Sohn E, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Jeong SJ. Ficus erecta Thunb. Leaves Ameliorate Cognitive Deficit and Neuronal Damage in a Mouse Model of Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:607403. [PMID: 33935701 PMCID: PMC8082460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is linked to amyloid plaque accumulation, neuronal loss, and brain inflammation. Ficus erecta Thunb. is a food and medicinal plant used to treat inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of F. erecta Thunb. against cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in a mouse model of amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced AD. First, we confirmed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of F. erecta (EEFE) leaves on Aβ aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Next, behavioral tests (passive avoidance task and Morris water maze test) revealed EEFE markedly improved cognitive impairment in Aβ-injected mice. Furthermore, EEFE reduced neuronal loss and the expression of neuronal nuclei (NeuN), a neuronal marker, in brain tissues of Aβ-injected mice. EEFE significantly reversed Aβ-induced suppression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, indicating neuroprotection was mediated by the CREB/BDNF signaling. Moreover, EEFE significantly suppressed the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), a marker of microglial activation, in brain tissues of Aβ-injected mice, suggesting anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Taken together, EEFE protects against cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in AD-like mice via activation of the CREB/BDNF signaling and upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Sohn
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Saviano A, Casillo GM, Raucci F, Pernice A, Santarcangelo C, Piccolo M, Ferraro MG, Ciccone M, Sgherbini A, Pedretti N, Bonvicini D, Irace C, Daglia M, Mascolo N, Maione F. Supplementation with ribonucleotide-based ingredient (Ribodiet®) lessens oxidative stress, brain inflammation, and amyloid pathology in a murine model of Alzheimer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111579. [PMID: 33845375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia worldwide, characterized by the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Additionally, increasing evidence demonstrates that a neuroinflammatory state and oxidative stress, iron-dependent, play a crucial role in the onset and disease progression. Besides conventional therapies, the use of natural-based products represents a future medical option for AD treatment and/or prevention. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of a ribonucleotides-based ingredient (Ribodiet®) in a non-genetic mouse model of AD. To this aim, mice were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with Aβ1-42 peptide (3 µg/3 μl) and after with Ribodiet® (0.1-10 mg/mouse) orally (p.o.) 3 times weekly for 21 days following the induction of experimental AD. The mnemonic and cognitive decline was then evaluated, and, successively, we have assessed ex vivo the modulation of different cyto-chemokines on mice brain homogenates. Finally, the level of GFAP, S100β, and iron-related metabolic proteins were monitored as markers of reactive gliosis, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results indicate that Ribodiet® lessens oxidative stress, brain inflammation, and amyloid pathology via modulation of iron-related metabolic proteins paving the way for its rationale use for the treatment of AD and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Casillo
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Pernice
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Pedretti
- Prosol S.p.A., Via Carso, 99, 24040 Madone, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Potential of Caffeine in Alzheimer's Disease-A Review of Experimental Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020537. [PMID: 33562156 PMCID: PMC7915779 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Considering that pharmacological treatment options for AD are few and not satisfactory, increasing attention is being paid to dietary components that may affect the development of the disease. Such a dietary component may be caffeine contained in coffee, tea or energy drinks. Although epidemiological data suggest that caffeine intake may counteract the development of cognitive impairment, results of those studies are not conclusive. The aim of the present study is to review the existing experimental studies on the efficacy of caffeine against AD and AD-related cognitive impairment, focusing on the proposed protective mechanisms of action. In conclusion, the reports of studies on experimental AD models generally supported the notion that caffeine may exert some beneficial effects in AD. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of caffeine in the effects of its sources on cognition and possibly AD risk.
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Thingore C, Kshirsagar V, Juvekar A. Amelioration of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment using Rosmarinic acid in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:299-313. [PMID: 33068223 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal part in the manifestation of neuroinflammation, which further leads to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation resulting in memory impairment (MI) and cognitive decline. In this study, we evaluated whether prophylactic administration of Rosmarinic acid (RA), a naturally occurring compound, exerts a neuroprotective effect in LPS-induced MI and cognitive decline. Herein, Swiss albino mice were pre-treated with RA (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg i.p.) for 28 days and were intermittently exposed to LPS (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days. LPS caused poor memory retention and increased cognitive decline in Morris water maze (MWM) and Y maze paradigms respectively. Additionally, LPS increased oxidative stress which was denoted by a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and increased lipid peroxidation in the brain. Imbalance in the cholinergic system was analyzed by measuring the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Pre-treatment with RA improved memory and behavioral disturbances by alleviating oxidative stress and AChE activity. LPS augmented levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, caspase-3, and c-Jun. Pre-treatment with RA revitalized the elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic proteins. In conclusion, this study showcases the amelioration of MI by RA in LPS-challenged memory and cognitive decline, which could be credited to its anti-oxidant effect, inhibitory effect on both proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic regulators, and reduction in AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Thingore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viplav Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Jurcau A. The Role of Natural Antioxidants in the Prevention of Dementia-Where Do We Stand and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:282. [PMID: 33498262 PMCID: PMC7909256 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia, and especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), puts significant burden on global healthcare expenditure through its increasing prevalence. Research has convincingly demonstrated the implication of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dementia as well as of the conditions which increase the risk of developing dementia. However, drugs which target single pathways have so far failed in providing significant neuroprotection. Natural antioxidants, due to their effects in multiple pathways through which oxidative stress leads to neurodegeneration and triggers neuroinflammation, could prove valuable weapons in our fight against dementia. Although efficient in vitro and in animal models of AD, natural antioxidants in human trials have many drawbacks related to the limited bioavailability, unknown optimal dose, or proper timing of the treatment. Nonetheless, trials evaluating several of these natural compounds are ongoing, as are attempts to modify these compounds to achieve improved bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, nr 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Neurology Ward, Clinical Municipal Hospital “Dr. G. Curteanu”, nr 12 Corneliu Coposu Street, 410469 Oradea, Romania
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Alvariño R, Alonso E, Tabudravu JN, Pérez-Fuentes N, Alfonso A, Botana LM. Tavarua Deoxyriboside A and Jasplakinolide as Potential Neuroprotective Agents: Effects on Cellular Models of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:150-162. [PMID: 33353294 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The oceans harbor a great reservoir of molecules with unknown bioactivities, which could be useful for the treatment of illnesses that nowadays have no cure, such as neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we evaluated the neuroprotective potential of the marine Fijian compounds tavarua deoxyriboside A and jasplakinolide against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, crucial mechanisms in neurodegeneration. Both metabolites protected SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from H2O2 damage, improving mitochondrial function and activating the antioxidant systems of cells. These effects were mediated by their ability of inducing Nrf2 translocation. In BV2 microglial cells activated with lipopolysaccharide, Fijian metabolites also displayed promising results, decreasing the release of proinflammatory mediators (ROS, NO, cytokines) through the reduction of gp91 and NFkB-p65 expression. Finally, we performed a coculture among both cell lines, in which treatment with compounds protected SH-SY5Y cells from activated microglia, corroborating their neuroprotective effects. These results suggest that tavarua deoxyriboside A and jasplakinolide could be used as candidate molecules for further studies against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Jioji N. Tabudravu
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, U.K
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland, U.K
| | - Nadia Pérez-Fuentes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Verma RK, Chawla V, Bhattamisra SK, Gorain B, Raja MAG, Amjad MW. Nanoparticles Based Intranasal Delivery of Drug to Treat Alzheimer's Disease: A Recent Update. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:648-662. [PMID: 32819251 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999200819095620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer Association Report (2019) stated that the 6th primary cause of death in the USA is Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which leads to behaviour and cognitive impairment. Nearly 5.8 million peoples of all ages in the USA have suffered from this disease, including 5.6 million elderly populations. The statistics of the progression of this disease is similar to the global scenario. Still, the treatment of AD is limited to a few conventional oral drugs, which often fail to deliver an adequate amount of the drug in the brain. The reduction in the therapeutic efficacy of an anti-AD drug is due to poor solubility, existence to the blood-brain barrier and low permeability. In this context, nasal drug delivery emerges as a promising route for the delivery of large and small molecular drugs for the treatment of AD. This promising pathway delivers the drug directly into the brain via an olfactory route, which leads to the low systemic side effect, enhanced bioavailability, and higher therapeutic efficacy. However, few setbacks, such as mucociliary clearance and poor drug mucosal permeation, limit its translation from the laboratory to the clinic. The above stated limitation could be overcome by the adaption of nanoparticle as a drug delivery carrier, which may lead to prolong delivery of drugs with better permeability and high efficacy. This review highlights the latest work on the development of promising Nanoparticles (NPs) via the intranasal route for the treatment of AD. Additionally, the current update in this article will draw the attention of the researcher working on these fields and facing challenges in practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohit Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University- Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
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Self- assembled lactoferrin-conjugated linoleic acid micelles as an orally active targeted nanoplatform for Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:246-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Uddin MS, Al Mamun A, Kabir MT, Ashraf GM, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM. Multi-Target Drug Candidates for Multifactorial Alzheimer's Disease: AChE and NMDAR as Molecular Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:281-303. [PMID: 32935230 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia among elder people, which is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results from a chronic loss of cognitive activities. It has been observed that AD is multifactorial, hence diverse pharmacological targets that could be followed for the treatment of AD. The Food and Drug Administration has approved two types of medications for AD treatment such as cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonists. Rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine are the ChEIs that have been approved to treat AD. On the other hand, memantine is the only non-competitive NMDAR antagonist approved in AD treatment. As compared with placebo, it has been revealed through clinical studies that many single-target therapies are unsuccessful to treat multifactorial Alzheimer's symptoms or disease progression. Therefore, due to the complex nature of AD pathophysiology, diverse pharmacological targets can be hunted. In this article, based on the entwined link of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and NMDAR, we represent several multifunctional compounds in the rational design of new potential AD medications. This review focus on the significance of privileged scaffolds in the generation of the multi-target lead compound for treating AD, investigating the idea and challenges of multi-target drug design. Furthermore, the most auspicious elementary units for designing as well as synthesizing hybrid drugs are demonstrated as pharmacological probes in the rational design of new potential AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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48
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Dare LR, Garcia A, Soares CB, Lopes L, Neves BHS, Dias DV, Mello-Carpes PB. The Reversal of Memory Deficits in an Alzheimer's Disease Model Using Physical and Cognitive Exercise. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:152. [PMID: 32973471 PMCID: PMC7471627 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world, accounting for 50–75% of cases. Currently, there is limited treatment for AD. The current pharmacological therapy minimizes symptom progression but does not reverse brain damage. Studies focused on nonpharmacological treatment for AD have been developed to act on brain plasticity and minimize the neurotoxicity caused by the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide. Using a neurotoxicity model induced by Aβ in rats, the present study shows that physical (PE) and cognitive exercise (CE) reverse recognition memory deficits (with a prominent effect of long-term object recognition memory), decrease hippocampal lipid peroxidation, restore the acetylcholinesterase activity altered by Aβ neurotoxicity, and seems to reverse, at least partially, hippocampal tissue disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia R Dare
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Garcia
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Soares
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Luiza Lopes
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur S Neves
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Daniel V Dias
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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49
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Li X, He Z, Wang C, Liu Y, Shan Z, Zhang L, Shi Q, Yue C, Lin Y, Liu Y, Ni J, Du X. Effect of Herbal Medicinal Compounds on Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20948986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is complex as various mechanisms interact with each other and, therefore, intervention from a single target is often ineffective. Many studies have shown that herbal medicines, such as curcumin, fisetin, icariin, and ginsenosides, have significant intervention effects on AD with different treatment mechanisms. Therefore, we have designed this study to know whether the combination of these herbal medicines can have an intervention effect on AD through multiple targets. Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1) double transgenic AD mice were used to study the protective effects of a combination of curcumin, piperine, icariin, and ginsenosides, as well as a combination of fisetin, piperine, icariin, and ginsenosides, which were separately mixed into the feed. These herbal medicinal compounds (HMCs) lowered the serum lipid levels, reduced the Aβ oligomers, decreased the pS404-tau protein, as well as neurofibrillary tangles, and restored the reduction of synaptic protein levels and neuronal death of AD mice without causing toxicity to liver and kidneys. In this study, we found that HMCs have significant intervention against AD through multiple targets, providing a novel therapeutic idea for the prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhijun He
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhifu Shan
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Caiping Yue
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Yitong Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
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50
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Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide attenuates Aβ toxicity and cognitive defects in APP/PS1 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13422-13436. [PMID: 32652518 PMCID: PMC7377903 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharides (CPPs), a traditional Chinese medicine used for thousands of years, is a potential neuroprotective polysaccharide via a relatively poorly understood mechanism. We previously reported that CPPs attenuated tau pathology in hTau transfected mice and therefore in the current work investigated the effect of CPPs on Aβ toxicity and cognitive defects in APP/PS1 mice model. It was found that one-month intragastric administration of CPPs significantly ameliorated cognitive defects in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, CPPs treatment mitigated the loss of the synaptic plasticity and increased the synaptic proteins including synaptotagmin and PSD95. The expression of Aβ42 and Aβ40 was remarkably decreased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after CPPs treatment. We also found that CPPs coincubation significantly reduced the amount of APPβ and Aβ42 expression in cells. Intriguingly, the activity of BACE1 was decreased following CPPs treatment in both the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and in vitro experiments. Collectively, these results indicated that CPPs attenuated Aβ pathology in APP/PS1 mice, and down-regulating BACE1 might be the underlaying mechanism which could be a therapeutic target for alleviating cognitive defects in AD pathology.
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