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Li H, Peng L, Yin F, Fang J, Cai L, Zhang C, Xiang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Sheng H, Wang D, Zhang X, Liang Z. Research on Coix seed as a food and medicinal resource, it's chemical components and their pharmacological activities: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117309. [PMID: 37858750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Romanet du Caillaud) Stapf is a plant of the genus Coix in the Gramineae family. Coix seed is cultivated in various regions throughout China. In recent years, with the research on the medicinal value of Coix seed, it has received more and more widespread attention from people. Numerous pharmacological effects of Coix seed have been demonstrated through modern pharmacological studies, such as hypoglycemia, improving liver function, anti-tumor, regulating intestinal microbiota, improving spleen function, and anti-inflammatory effects. AIMS OF THE STUDY This article is a literature review. In recent years, despite the extensive research on Coix seed, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of its traditional usage, medicinal resources, chemical components, and pharmacological effects is still lacking. To fill this gap, the paper provides an overview of the latest research progress on Coix seed, aiming to offer guidance and references for its further development and comprehensive utilization. MATERIAL AND METHODS To gather information on the traditional usage, phytochemical ingredients, and pharmacological properties of Coix seed, we conducted a literature search using both Chinese and English languages in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Springer. RESULTS This article is a literature review. The chemical constituents of Coix seed include various fatty acids, esters, polysaccharides, sterols, alkaloids, triterpenes, tocopherols, lactams, lignans, phenols, flavonoids and other constituents. Modern pharmacological research has indeed shown that Coix seed has many pharmacological effects and is a natural anti-tumor drug. In addition to its anti-tumor effect, it also has pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemia, improving liver function, regulating intestinal microbiota, improving spleen function, and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a brief overview of the traditional uses, biotechnological applications, chemical components, and pharmacological effects of Coix seed. It highlights the importance of establishing quality standards, discovering new active ingredients, and exploring pharmacological mechanisms in Coix seed research. The article also emphasizes the significance of clinical trials, toxicology studies, pharmacokinetics data, and multidisciplinary collaboration for further advancements in this field. Overall, it aims to enhance understanding of Coix seed and its potential in pharmaceutical development and wellness products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lingxia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiahao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lietao Cai
- R&D Center of Kanglaite, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | | | - Zheng Xiang
- Medical School, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuifeng Zhang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., LTD, Hanghzou, 310018, China
| | - Huadong Sheng
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., LTD, Hanghzou, 310018, China
| | - Dekai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Singh S, Kumar P, Rathore SS, Singh Y, Garg N. Contemporary approaches in the management of uterine leiomyomas. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 287:195-210. [PMID: 37385088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leiomyomas (fibroids), the most common benign solid tumours in females, originate from the myometrium and are associated with poor quality of life for patients. The current management of uterine leiomyomas mainly includes surgical interventions such as hysterectomy and myomectomy, either by laparoscopy or laparotomy, which have several complications and are not ideal for preserving fertility. Therefore, there is a need to develop or repurpose medical treatments that do not require surgical intervention. OBJECTIVE Many drugs are used to treat the symptoms associated with uterine fibroids. The main objective of this systematic review is to give an up-to-date account of potential pharmacological agents (non-surgical methods) for the management of uterine leiomyomas. SEARCH STRATEGY PubMed was searched for scientific and clinical literature using the keyword 'uterine fibroids' along with the drug names described in each section. For example, 'uterine fibroids' and 'ulipristal acetate' were the keywords used to search for literature on ulipristal acetate (UPA). RESULTS Various preclinical and clinical studies have shown that some drugs and herbal formulations exhibit activity in the management of uterine leiomyomas. Recent studies found that drugs such as UPA, elagolix, EC313, asoprisnol, nutritional supplements and herbal preparations were helpful in treating the symptoms associated with uterine leiomyomas. CONCLUSION Many drugs show efficacy in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids. UPA is one of the most studied and prescribed medicines for uterine fibroids; however, its usage has been restricted due to a few recent incidences of hepatic toxicity. Herbal drugs and natural supplements have also shown promising effects on uterine fibroids. The synergistic effects of nutritional and herbal supplements have been reported in certain cases, and should be studied in detail. Further research is warranted to identify the mode of action of the drugs, and to determine the precise conditions that would explain the causes of toxicity in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Singh
- Department of Prasuti Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Singh Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Raghunathpur, Motihari, East Champaran, Bihar, India
| | - Yashasvi Singh
- Department of Urology, CSSB, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ali M, Ciebiera M, Vafaei S, Alkhrait S, Chen HY, Chiang YF, Huang KC, Feduniw S, Hsia SM, Al-Hendy A. Progesterone Signaling and Uterine Fibroid Pathogenesis; Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutics. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081117. [PMID: 37190026 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most important benign neoplastic threat to women's health worldwide, with a prevalence of up to 80% in premenopausal women, and can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and infertility. Progesterone signaling plays a crucial role in the development and growth of UFs. Progesterone promotes the proliferation of UF cells by activating several signaling pathways genetically and epigenetically. In this review article, we reviewed the literature covering progesterone signaling in UF pathogenesis and further discussed the therapeutic potential of compounds that modulate progesterone signaling against UFs, including selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) drugs and natural compounds. Further studies are needed to confirm the safety of SPRMs as well as their exact molecular mechanisms. The consumption of natural compounds as a potential anti-UFs treatment seems promising, since these compounds can be used on a long-term basis-especially for women pursuing concurrent pregnancy, unlike SPRMs. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Samar Alkhrait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chieh Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Stepan Feduniw
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Pan X, Shen Q, Zhang C, Zhang X, Li Y, Chang Z, Pang B. Coicis Semen for the treatment of malignant tumors of the female reproductive system: A review of traditional Chinese medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129874. [PMID: 36909176 PMCID: PMC9995914 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coicis Semen is an important food product and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived from the dried and mature seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen (Roman.) Stapf. An increasing number of studies have investigated its use, either alone or in combination with other botanical drugs, to treat female reproductive system malignancies, and its pharmacological effects have been confirmed clinically. This review aims to provide an overview of Coicis Semen's historical role in treating female reproductive system malignancies based on TCM theory, to summarize clinical trials results, and to analyze information pertaining to the main phytochemical components, pharmacokinetics, related anti-cancer pharmacological effects, and toxicology of Coicis Semen. Information on Coicis Semen was collected from internationally accepted scientific databases. Seventy-four clinical trials were identified that used Coicis Semen in combination with other Chinese medicine to treat female reproductive system malignancies, most of which demonstrated good anti-tumor efficacy and few adverse reactions. To date, more than 80 individual compounds have been isolated from this botanical drug. In terms of anti-tumor effects, Coix seed oil has been studied the most. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that the active ingredients in Coicis Semen are widely distributed after administration, and Coicis Semen and its active compounds play a beneficial role in treating female reproductive system malignancies. Mechanistically, the anti-cancer effects may be related to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, suppression of the chronic inflammatory microenvironment of tumors, modulation of immune function, and regulation of the female reproductive system. Most acute toxicity and genotoxicity studies have shown that Coicis Semen is non-toxic. However, the existing studies have many limitations, and the future research direction should emphasize 1) the relationship between drug concentration and pharmacological action as well as toxicity; 2) the structural modification or the synthesis of analogues led by the active ingredients of Coicis Semen to enhance pharmacological activities and bioavailability; 3) accurately revealing the anti-cancer pharmacological effects of Coicis Semen and its compounds through multi-omics technology. We hope that this review can determine future directions and inform novel drug development for treating female reproductive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pan
- Post-doctoral Mobile Station, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Shen
- International Medical Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhang
- International Medical Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- International Medical Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Chang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Pang
- International Medical Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Weng WF, Peng Y, Pan X, Yan J, Li XD, Liao ZY, Cheng JP, Gao AJ, Yao X, Ruan JJ, Zhou ML. Adlay, an ancient functional plant with nutritional quality, improves human health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1019375. [PMID: 36618703 PMCID: PMC9815450 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1019375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.), a crop closed related to maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), originated in tropical/subtropical regions of Asia and Africa; southwest China primary center of this plant's origin, evolution and migration. Adlay is a traditional high-value minor crop used for both medicinal and dietary purposes. Adlay has anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, blood sugar-lowering, and blood lipid-lowering effects. To clarify the main bioactive components and phytochemical compounds and to fully explore their utility, this review summarizes the research done on the main functional ingredients of adlay, including amino acids and proteins, oils, vitamins and minerals, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. This study also highlighted the application of genome sequencing to tailor nutrient-rich adlay cultivars and nutraceutical product development. Additionally, the acquisition of high-density genomic data combined with next-generation phenotypic analysis will undoubtedly improve our understanding of the potential genetic regulation of adlay nutraceutical traits. This review provides new insights and ideas for the research of adlay in comparison and evolutionary genomics, and a useful reference for molecular breeding and genetic improvement of this important minor crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen F. Weng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang D. Li
- Southwest Guizhou Institute of Karst Regional Development, Xingyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi Y. Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian P. Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - An J. Gao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing J. Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mei L. Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zeng Y, Yang J, Chen J, Pu X, Li X, Yang X, Yang L, Ding Y, Nong M, Zhang S, He J. Actional Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Functional Food Adlay for Human Health. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154808. [PMID: 35956759 PMCID: PMC9369982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal and food homologous adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) plays an important role in natural products promoting human health. We demonstrated the systematic actional mechanism of functional ingredients in adlay to promote human health, based on the PubMed, CNKI, Google, and ISI Web of Science databases from 1988 to 2022. Adlay and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients with more than 20 health effects based on human and animal or cell cultures: they are anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, liver protective, anti-virus, gastroprotective, cardiovascular protective, anti-hypertension, heart disease preventive, melanogenesis inhibiting, anti-allergy, endocrine regulating, anti-diabetes, anti-cachexia, osteoporosis preventive, analgesic, neuroprotecting, suitable for the treatment of gout arthritis, life extending, anti-fungi, and detoxifying effects. Function components with anti-oxidants are rich in adlay. These results support the notion that adlay seeds may be one of the best functional foods and further reveal the action mechanism of six major functional ingredients (oils, polysaccharides, phenols, phytosterols, coixol, and resistant starch) for combating diseases. This review paper not only reveals the action mechanisms of adding adlay to the diet to overcome 17 human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional foods and drugs for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: or (Y.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-871-65894145 (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China;
| | - Jia Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xia Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Li’e Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yumei Ding
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mingying Nong
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shibao Zhang
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jinbao He
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: or (Y.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-871-65894145 (Y.Z.)
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Adlay Seed (Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract Fractions and Subfractions Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Breast and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133984. [PMID: 35807238 PMCID: PMC9268182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effects of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf. (adlay seed) ethanolic extract have been increasingly shown. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of both the fractions and subfractions of adlay seed ethanolic extract on the human breast (MCF-7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines, as well as exploring their possible mechanisms of action. The ethanolic extracts were obtained from different parts of adlay seed, including AHE (adlay hull extract), ATE (adlay testa extract), ABE (adlay bran extract) and PAE (polished adlay extract). The results of a 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl- tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that AHE-Ea and ATE-Ea showed significant growth inhibitory effects in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed that the AHE-Ea-K, AHE-Ea-L, ATE-Ea-E and ATE-Ea-F subfractions inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and decreased CDK4/Cyclin D1 protein expression. Finally, the extract activated caspase-3 activity and PARP protein expression, which induced MCF-7 and HeLa cell apoptosis. We then used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to identify the potential active components., Quercetin showed an anticancer capacity. In conclusion, the AHE-Ea-K, AHE-Ea-L, ATE-Ea-E and ATE-Ea-F subfractions showed antitumor effects through the inhibition of MCF-7 and HeLa cell line viability, as well as inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Yamei L, Jie T, Hongshan L, Bohou X, Limei L, Duanfang L. Effects of Fuke Qianjin Formula on hormones and their receptors and metabonomics study in uterine fibroids model rats. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Ethanolic Extracts of Adlay Testa and Hull and Their Active Biomolecules Exert Relaxing Effect on Uterine Muscle Contraction through Blocking Extracellular Calcium Influx in Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060887. [PMID: 34203783 PMCID: PMC8232605 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent disorders in gynecology. Historically, adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) has been explored for its anti-tumor, pain relief, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adlay seeds on the inhibition of uterine contraction and thus dysmenorrhea relief, in vitro and in vivo. HPLC-MS and GC were used to elucidate the ethyl acetate fraction of adlay testa ethanolic extract (ATE-EA) and ethyl acetate fraction of adlay hull ethanolic extract (AHE-EA). Elucidation yielded flavonoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids. Uterine leiomyomas and normal adjacent myometrial tissue were evaluated by oxytocin- and PG-induced uterine contractility. ATE-EA and AHE-EA suppressed uterine contraction induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), oxytocin, carbachol, and high-KCl solution ex vivo. In addition, the external calcium (Ca2+) influx induced contraction, and increased Ca2+ concentration was inhibited by ATE-EA and AHE-EA on the uterine smooth muscle of rats. Furthermore, ATE-EA and AHE-EA effectively attenuated the contraction of normal human myometrium tissues more than adjacent uterine leiomyoma in response to PGF2α. 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Heptamethoxyflavone and chrysoeriol produced a remarkable inhibition with values of IC50 = 24.91 and 25.59 µM, respectively. The experimental results showed that treatment with ATE-EA at 30 mg/day effectively decreased the writhing frequency both on the oxytocin-induced writhing test and acetic acid writhing test of the ICR mouse.
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Adlay Testa ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071966. [PMID: 33807346 PMCID: PMC8037553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic neoplasms in Western society. In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased, and it has become the third most common female gynecological cancer (after ovarian and cervical cancer) in Taiwan. Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) has been demonstrated to have bioactive polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and essential nutrients for health benefits, including anticancer effects in humans. However, little is known about the effect of adlay seeds on endometrial cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the potential growth inhibitory effects of several adlay seed fractions, including ethyl acetate (ATE-EA) and its bioactive constituents, separately on endometrial cancer cells—HEC-1A (phosphatase and tensin homolog-positive) and RL95-2 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-negative)—and identify related active ingredients. In addition, the potential active fractions and the phytochemical compounds were elucidated. The results demonstrate superior activity of ATE-EA with significant in vitro cell proliferation inhibitory capacity, particularly its C.D.E.F-subfraction. Moreover, HPLC- and GC/FID-based quantification of ATE-EA subfractions showed that phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde), flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acid compounds exert anti-proliferative effects in the cell model. Finally, it was shown that cell growth and cell cycle arrest most significantly occurred in the in G1 or G2/M phase under ATE-EA treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate an antiproliferative effect of ATE-EA on endometrial cancer cells that suggest a positive health outcome for women from consumption of these compounds.
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Zhu R, Xu X, Shan Q, Wang K, Cao G, Wu X. Determination of Differentiating Markers in Coicis Semen From Multi-Sources Based on Structural Similarity Classification Coupled With UPCC-Xevo G2-XS QTOF. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:549181. [PMID: 33178013 PMCID: PMC7596418 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.549181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coicis semen, a medicinal food, is derived from the dried and mature seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf, a member of the Gramineae family. Lipids are its main constituents. Previous literature reported that coicis semen contains twenty triglycerides and twelve diglycerides. However, we identified thirty-five triglycerides, sixteen diglycerides, four monoglycerides, and two sterols under the preoptimized conditions of UPCC-Xevo G2-XS QTOF combined with a personalized TCM database. Furthermore, we successfully determined glycerol trioleate content to evaluate quality differences. Finally, we identified the fatty acid compositions of seven out of nine differential markers via Progenesis QI using principal component analysis, orthogonal projection to latent structures–discriminant analysis, and the LipidMaps database. In addition, we applied a software-based classification, a method that was previously developed by our team, to verify and predict structurally similar compounds. Our findings confirmed that UPCC-Xevo G2-XS QTOF combined with software-based group classification could be used as an efficient method for exploring the potential lipid markers of seed medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhu
- Research Center of TCM Processing Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- Research Center of TCM Processing Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- Research Center of TCM Processing Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- Research Center of TCM Processing Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Research Center of TCM Processing Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Research Center of TCM Processing Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Lin PH, Tung YT, Chen HY, Chiang YF, Hong HC, Huang KC, Hsu SP, Huang TC, Hsia SM. Melatonin activates cell death programs for the suppression of uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12620. [PMID: 31710386 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian nature of melatonin has a protective effect on the progression of female reproductive cancers, including breast and ovarian cancers. However, the effect of melatonin on the growth of uterine leiomyoma is still unclear. In this study, we found that the growth of uterine leiomyoma ELT3 cells was reduced by treatment with melatonin. Treatment with melatonin increased the distribution of sub-G1 phase and increased DNA condensation in ELT3 cells. Melatonin-induced apoptosis and autophagy cell death progression were observed in ELT3 cells. Melatonin exerts a highly selective effect on primary normal human uterine smooth muscle (UtSMC) cells. The UtSMC cell cycle was arrested by melatonin treatment through up-regulation of p21, p27, and PTEN protein expression, but melatonin did not further promote apoptosis program activation. Melatonin reduced cell proliferation in ELT3 cells underlying the activation of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors, which in turn down-regulated the Akt-ERK1/2-NFκB signaling pathway. Melatonin reduced ELT3 tumor growth in both xenograft and orthotopic uterine tumor mice models. The extracellular matrix of the tumor was also reduced by melatonin treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin potentially plays a role in suppression of uterine leiomyoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Hong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chieh Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Food and Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Lin PH, Chang CC, Wu KH, Shih CK, Chiang W, Chen HY, Shih YH, Wang KL, Hong YH, Shieh TM, Hsia SM. Dietary Glycotoxins, Advanced Glycation End Products, Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Progesterone Secretion in Ovarian Granulosa Cells and Mimic PCOS-like Symptoms. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080327. [PMID: 31370285 PMCID: PMC6723748 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been reported to have an elevated serum advanced glycation end product (AGE) level. However, the effect of AGEs on the pathophysiological ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS is still unclear. In this study, five indented BSA-derived AGE products were used to evaluate their effect on the function of human granulosa cells. We found that the proliferation of both primary human ovarian granulosa (hGC) cells and human granulosa-like tumor (KGN) cells were inhibited by treatment with these five AGE products. The progesterone secretion level was also reduced in both hGC and KGN cells by treatment with these AGE products through downregulation of LH receptor/cAMP regulatory activity. The granulosa cell layer and serum progesterone level were reduced in rats by treatment with MG-BSA; moreover, an increased number of follicle cysts and an irregular estrous cycle were observed. MG-BSA treatment had a similar effect on the phenotypes of the DHEA-induced PCOS model. Additionally, the insulin resistance and hepatic lesions seen in the DHEA-induced PCOS model were observed in the MG-BSA treatment group. Taken together, we found that AGEs exert a toxic effect on ovarian granulosa cells, ovarian morphology, and the estrous cycle that mimics the DHEA-induced PCOS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kei-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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