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Peer GDG, Priyadarshini A, Gupta A, Vibhuti A, Raj VS, Chang CM, Pandey RP. Exploration of Antileishmanial Compounds Derived from Natural Sources. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2024; 23:1-13. [PMID: 38279725 DOI: 10.2174/0118715230270724231214112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Leishmaniasis is a deadly tropical disease that is neglected in many countries. World Health Organization, along with a few other countries, has been working together to protect against these parasites. Many novel drugs from the past few years have been discovered and subjected against leishmaniasis, which have been effective but they are quite expensive for lower-class people. Some drugs showed no effect on the patients, and the longer use of these medicines has made resistance against these deadly parasites. Researchers have been working for better medication by using natural products from medicinal plants (oils, secondary metabolites, plant extracts) and other alternatives to find active compounds as an alternative to the current synthetic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS To find more potential natural products to treat Leishmania spp, a study has been conducted and reported many plant metabolites and other natural alternatives from plants and their extracts. Selected research papers with few term words such as natural products, plant metabolites, Leishmaniasis, in vivo, in vitro, and treatment against leishmaniasis; in the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases with selected research papers published between 2015 and 2021 have been chosen for further analysis has been included in this report which has examined either in vivo or in vitro analysis. RESULTS This paper reported more than 20 novel natural compounds in 20 research papers that have been identified which report a leishmanicidal activity and shows an action against promastigote, axenic, and intracellular amastigote forms. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants, along with a few plant parts and extracts, have been reported as a possible novel anti-leishmanial medication. These medicinal plants are considered nontoxic to Host cells. Leishmaniasis treatments will draw on the isolated compounds as a source further and these compounds compete with those already offered in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajala Deethamvali Ghouse Peer
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Anjali Priyadarshini
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Archana Gupta
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Vethakkani Samuel Raj
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist. Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
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Revealing the Protective Effect of Topically Applied Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil in Human Skin through A Contact Model. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparations of the Cymbopogon citratus leaves are used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory processes. The present study investigated the proposed anti-inflammatory properties of C. citratus essential oil (EOCC) in human skin in vivo using the methylnicotinate (MN) microinflammation skin model. Skin exposure to MN causes a disturbance that triggers the production of reactive oxygen species and evokes a short duration microinflammatory reaction that might be explored to meet this objective. Fourteen participants of both sexes were selected after providing informed consent. Three areas (3 cm × 3 cm) were drawn on both forearms. One randomly chosen area was treated for 14 days, twice a day, with a polyacrylic acid gel containing 5% EOCC. Remaining areas were used as controls. Results revealed a clear protective effect at the EOCC-treated site. The MN reaction showed significantly lower transepidermal water loss, blood perfusion, erythema, and edema when compared with the other areas. Furthermore, the methodology here proposed is an innovative approach to study the clinical impact of these substances on human skin, contributing to an evidence-based support regarding the interest of using these products in human health.
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Silva-Silva JV, Moreira RF, Watanabe LA, de Souza CDSF, Hardoim DDJ, Taniwaki NN, Bertho AL, Teixeira KF, Cenci AR, Doring TH, Júnior JWDC, de Oliveira AS, Marinho PSB, Calabrese KDS, Marinho AMDR, Almeida-Souza F. Monomethylsulochrin isolated from biomass extract of Aspergillus sp. against Leishmania amazonensis: In vitro biological evaluation and molecular docking. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:974910. [PMID: 36093206 PMCID: PMC9452909 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.974910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis represents a serious world health problem, with 1 billion people being exposed to infection and a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations with a potentially fatal outcome. Based on the limitations observed in the treatment of leishmaniasis, such as high cost, significant adverse effects, and the potential for drug resistance, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of the compounds pseurotin A and monomethylsulochrin isolated from the biomass extract of Aspergillus sp. The chromatographic profiles of the extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array UV-Vis detector (HPLC-DAD-UV), and the molecular identification of the pseurotin A and monomethylsulochrin were carried out by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Antileishmanial activity was assayed against promastigote and intracellular amastigote of Leishmania amazonensis. As a control, cytotoxicity assays were performed in non-infected BALB/c peritoneal macrophages. Ultrastructural alterations in parasites were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by flow cytometry. Only monomethylsulochrin inhibited the promastigote growth (IC50 18.04 ± 1.11 µM), with cytotoxicity to peritoneal macrophages (CC50 5.09 91.63 ± 1.28 µM). Activity against intracellular amastigote forms (IC50 5.09 ± 1.06 µM) revealed an increase in antileishmanial activity when compared with promastigotes. In addition to a statistically significant reduction in the evaluated infection parameters, monomethylsulochrin altered the ultrastructure of the promastigote forms with atypical vacuoles, electron-dense corpuscles in the cytoplasm, changes at the mitochondria outer membrane and abnormal disposition around the kinetoplast. It was showed that monomethylsulochrin leads to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (25.9%, p = 0.0286). Molecular modeling studies revealed that monomethylsulochrin can act as inhibitor of sterol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51), a therapeutic target for human trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. Assessed for its drug likeness, monomethylsulochrin follows the Lipinski Rule of five and Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge criteria. Furthermore, monomethylsulochrin can be used as a reference in the development of novel and therapeutically useful antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Silva-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daiana de Jesus Hardoim
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kerolain Faoro Teixeira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ribeiro Cenci
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Doring
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - José Wilmo da Cruz Júnior
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kátia da Silva Calabrese, ; Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho,
| | - Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho
- Post-graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kátia da Silva Calabrese, ; Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho,
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduate in Animal Sciences, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Pereira PS, Oliveira CVB, Maia AJ, Vega-Gomez MC, Rolón M, Coronel C, Duarte AE, Coutinho HDM, Siyadatpanah A, Norouzi R, Sadati SJA, Wilairatana P, Silva TG. Evaluation of the In Vitro Antiparasitic Effect of the Essential Oil of Cymbopogon winterianus and Its Chemical Composition Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092753. [PMID: 35566105 PMCID: PMC9099579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon winterianus, known as “citronella grass”, is an important aromatic and medicinal tropical herbaceous plant. The essential oil of C. winterianus (EOCw) is popularly used to play an important role in improving human health due to its potential as a bioactive component. The present study aimed to identify the components of the essential oil of C. winterianus and verify its leishmanicidal and trypanocidal potential, as well as the cytotoxicity in mammalian cells, in vitro. The EOCw had geraniol (42.13%), citronellal (17.31%), and citronellol (16.91%) as major constituents. The essential oil only exhibited significant cytotoxicity in mammalian fibroblasts at concentrations greater than 250 μg/mL, while regarding antipromastigote and antiepimastigote activities, they presented values considered clinically relevant, since both had LC50 < 62.5 μg/mL. It can be concluded that this is a pioneer study on the potential of the essential oil of C. winterianus and its use against the parasites T. cruzi and L. brasiliensis, and its importance is also based on this fact. Additionally, according to the results, C. winterianus was effective in presenting values of clinical relevance and low toxicity and, therefore, an indicator of popular use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silvino Pereira
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 54740-520, PE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (P.S.P.); (H.D.M.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Carlos Vinicius Barros Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (A.J.M.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Ana Josicleide Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (A.J.M.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Maria Celeste Vega-Gomez
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Manduvira 635, Asunción C.P. 1255, Paraguay; (M.C.V.-G.); (M.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Miriam Rolón
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Manduvira 635, Asunción C.P. 1255, Paraguay; (M.C.V.-G.); (M.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Cathia Coronel
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Manduvira 635, Asunción C.P. 1255, Paraguay; (M.C.V.-G.); (M.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Antônia Eliene Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (A.J.M.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.S.P.); (H.D.M.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 516661647, Iran;
| | - Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom 3736175513, Iran;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.S.P.); (H.D.M.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 54740-520, PE, Brazil;
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5
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Silva-Silva JV, Moragas-Tellis CJ, Chagas MSS, Souza PVR, Moreira DL, Hardoim DJ, Taniwaki NN, Costa VFA, Bertho AL, Brondani D, Zapp E, de Oliveira AS, Calabrese KS, Behrens MD, Almeida-Souza F. Carajurin Induces Apoptosis in Leishmania amazonensis Promastigotes through Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030331. [PMID: 35337130 PMCID: PMC8948652 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carajurin is the main constituent of Arrabidaea chica species with reported anti-Leishmania activity. However, its mechanism of action has not been described. This study investigated the mechanisms of action of carajurin against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Carajurin was effective against promastigotes with IC50 of 7.96 ± 1.23 μg.mL−1 (26.4 µM), and the cytotoxic concentration for peritoneal macrophages was 258.2 ± 1.20 μg.mL−1 (856.9 µM) after 24 h of treatment. Ultrastructural evaluation highlighted pronounced swelling of the kinetoplast with loss of electron-density in L. amazonensis promastigotes induced by carajurin treatment. It was observed that carajurin leads to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (p = 0.0286), an increase in reactive oxygen species production (p = 0.0286), and cell death by late apoptosis (p = 0.0095) in parasites. Pretreatment with the antioxidant NAC prevented ROS production and significantly reduced carajurin-induced cell death. The electrochemical and density functional theory (DFT) data contributed to support the molecular mechanism of action of carajurin associated with the ROS generation, for which it is possible to observe a correlation between the LUMO energy and the electroactivity of carajurin in the presence of molecular oxygen. All these results suggest that carajurin targets the mitochondria in L. amazonensis. In addition, when assessed for its drug-likeness, carajurin follows Lipinski’’s rule of five, and the Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Silva-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.V.S.-S.); (D.J.H.); (F.A.-S.)
| | - Carla J. Moragas-Tellis
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.J.M.-T.); (M.S.S.C.); (P.V.R.S.); (D.L.M.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Maria S. S. Chagas
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.J.M.-T.); (M.S.S.C.); (P.V.R.S.); (D.L.M.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Paulo Victor R. Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.J.M.-T.); (M.S.S.C.); (P.V.R.S.); (D.L.M.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Research in Drugs and Medicines, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Davyson L. Moreira
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.J.M.-T.); (M.S.S.C.); (P.V.R.S.); (D.L.M.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Daiana J. Hardoim
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.V.S.-S.); (D.J.H.); (F.A.-S.)
| | - Noemi N. Taniwaki
- Electron Microscopy Nucleus, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
| | - Vanessa F. A. Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (V.F.A.C.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Alvaro L. Bertho
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (V.F.A.C.); (A.L.B.)
- Flow Cytometry Technological Platform, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Brondani
- Research Group on Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (GPQMedBio), Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau 89036-002, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.Z.); (A.S.d.O.)
| | - Eduardo Zapp
- Research Group on Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (GPQMedBio), Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau 89036-002, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.Z.); (A.S.d.O.)
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Research Group on Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (GPQMedBio), Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau 89036-002, Brazil; (D.B.); (E.Z.); (A.S.d.O.)
| | - Kátia S. Calabrese
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.V.S.-S.); (D.J.H.); (F.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1879
| | - Maria D. Behrens
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.J.M.-T.); (M.S.S.C.); (P.V.R.S.); (D.L.M.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (J.V.S.-S.); (D.J.H.); (F.A.-S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, Sao Luis 65055-310, Brazil
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Amentoflavone isolated from Selaginella sellowii Hieron induces mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. Parasitol Int 2021; 86:102458. [PMID: 34509671 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis chemotherapy is a bottleneck in disease treatment. Although available, chemotherapy is limited, toxic, painful, and does not lead to parasite clearance, with parasite resistance also being reported. Therefore, new therapeutic options are being investigated, such as plant-derived anti-parasitic compounds. Amentoflavone is the most common biflavonoid in the Selaginella genus, and its antileishmanial activity has already been described on Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes but its direct action on the parasite is controversial. In this work we demonstrate that amentoflavone is active on L. amazonensis promastigotes (IC50 = 28.5 ± 2.0 μM) and amastigotes. Transmission electron microscopy of amentoflavone-treated promastigotes showed myelin-like figures, autophagosomes as well as enlarged mitochondria. Treated parasites also presented multiple lipid droplets and altered basal body organization. Similarly, intracellular amastigotes presented swollen mitochondria, membrane fragments in the lumen of the flagellar pocket as well as autophagic vacuoles. Flow cytometric analysis after TMRE staining showed that amentoflavone strongly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. In silico analysis shows that amentoflavone physic-chemical, drug-likeness and bioavailability characteristics suggest it might be suitable for oral administration. We concluded that amentoflavone presents a direct effect on L. amazonensis parasites, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and parasite killing. Therefore, all results point for the potential of amentoflavone as a promising candidate for conducting advanced studies for the development of drugs against leishmaniasis.
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Silva-Silva JV, Moragas-Tellis CJ, Chagas MDSDS, de Souza PVR, de Souza CDSF, Hardoim DDJ, Taniwaki NN, Moreira DDL, Dutra Behrens M, Calabrese KDS, Almeida-Souza F. Antileishmanial Activity of Flavones-Rich Fraction From Arrabidaea chica Verlot (Bignoniaceae). Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:703985. [PMID: 34354593 PMCID: PMC8329660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acknowledging the need of identifying new compounds for the treatment of leishmaniasis, this study aimed to evaluate, from in vitro trials, the activity of flavones from Arrabidaea chica against L. amazonensis. The chromatographic profiles of the hydroethanolic extract and a flavone-rich fraction (ACFF) from A. chica were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array UV-Vis detector (HPLC-DAD-UV) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-ESI-MS-MS). The flavones luteolin (1) and apigenin (2), isolated from chromatographic techniques and identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 1H and 13C, were also quantified in ACFF, showing 190.7 mg/g and apigenin 12.4 mg/g, respectively. The other flavones were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with those of the literature. The in vitro activity was assayed against promastigotes and intramacrophagic amastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Cytotoxicity tests were performed with peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. Nitrite quantification was performed with Griess reagent. Ultrastructural investigations were obtained by transmission electron microscopy. Anti-Leishmania assays indicated that the IC50 values for ACFF, apigenin, and luteolin were obtained at 40.42 ± 0.10 and 31.51 ± 1.13 μg/mL against promastigotes, respectively. ACFF and luteolin have concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. ACFF and luteolin also inhibited the intra-macrophagic parasite (IC50 3.575 ± 1.13 and 11.78 ± 1.24 μg/mL, respectively), with a selectivity index of 11.44 for ACFF. Promastigotes exposed to ACFF and luteolin exhibited ultrastructural changes, such as intense cytoplasm vacuolization and mitochondrial swelling. These findings data evidence the antileishmanial action of flavone-rich fractions of A. chica against L. amazonensis, encouraging further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Silva-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Junqueira Moragas-Tellis
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Techonology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro Dos Santos Chagas
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Techonology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Victor Ramos de Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Techonology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Student on Postgraduate Program in Translational Research in Drugs and Medicines, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daiana de Jesus Hardoim
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Davyson de Lima Moreira
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Techonology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Dutra Behrens
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Techonology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduate in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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8
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Silva-Silva JV, Moragas-Tellis CJ, Chagas MSS, Souza PVR, Moreira DL, de Souza CSF, Teixeira KF, Cenci AR, de Oliveira AS, Almeida-Souza F, Behrens MD, Calabrese KS. Carajurin: a anthocyanidin from Arrabidaea chica as a potential biological marker of antileishmanial activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111910. [PMID: 34323692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected tropical diseases whose treatment with antimonials bears limitations and has changed little in over 80 years. Medicinal plants have been evaluated as a therapeutic alternative for leishmaniasis. Arrabidaea chica is popularly used as a wound healing and antiparasitic agent, especially as leishmanicidal agent. This study examined the leishmanicidal activity of a crude extract (ACCE), an anthocyanidin-rich fraction (ACAF), and three isolated anthocyanidins from A. chica: carajurin, 3'-hydroxy-carajurone, and carajurone. We evaluated the antileishmanial activity against promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and determined cytotoxicity in BALB/c peritoneal macrophages, as well as nitrite quantification, using the Griess method. Molecular docking was carried out to evaluate interactions of carajurin at the nitric oxide synthase enzyme. All compounds were active against promastigotes after 72 h, with IC50 values of 101.5 ± 0.06 μg/mL for ACCE and 4.976 ± 1.09 μg/mL for ACAF. Anthocyanidins carajurin, 3'-hydroxy-carajurone, and carajurone had IC50 values of 3.66 ± 1.16, 22.70 ± 1.20, and 28.28 ± 0.07 μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay after 72 h showed results ranging from 9.640 to 66.74 µg/mL for anthocyanidins. ACAF and carajurin showed selectivity against intracellular amastigote forms (SI> 10), with low cytotoxicity within 24 h, a statistically significant reduction in all infection parameters, and induced nitrite production. Molecular docking studies were developed to understand a possible mechanism of activation of the nitric oxide synthase enzyme, which leads to an increase in the production of nitric oxide observed in the other experiments reported. These results encourage us to suggest carajurin as a biological marker of A. chica.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Silva-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Carla J Moragas-Tellis
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Maria S S Chagas
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Victor R Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Student on Postgraduate Program in Translational Research in Drugs and Medicines, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Davyson L Moreira
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Research Directorate of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil.
| | - Celeste S F de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Kerolain F Teixeira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
| | - Arthur R Cenci
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
| | - Aldo S de Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brazil.
| | - Maria D Behrens
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Public Health, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute - Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Kátia S Calabrese
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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9
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Abstract
The emerging literature has suggested essential oils (EOs) as new possible weapons to fight antimicrobial resistance due to their inherent antimicrobial properties. However, the potential pharmaceutical use of EOs is confronted by several limitations, including being non-specific in terms of drug targeting, possessing a high cytotoxicity as well as posing a high risk for causing skin irritation. Furthermore, some EOs have been demonstrated to adversely affect the cellular lipid profiles and permeability of the cell membrane, which may result in undesirable outcomes for the cells. Nevertheless, owing to their naturally complex compositions, EOs still hold undiscovered potential to mitigate antimicrobial resistance, as an alternative to existing antibiotics. To address the issue of overuse in antibiotics for crops which have led to the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance globally, EOs have also been proposed as potential biopesticides. Since the perceived advantages of antimicrobial attributes in EOs remain largely unexplored, this review aims to provide a discourse into its current practical usefulness in the agricultural setting. Finally, updated bioengineering techniques with emphasis of the biopesticide potential of EOs as a means to alleviate antimicrobial resistance will be included.
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10
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Mondêgo-Oliveira R, de Sá Sousa JC, Moragas-Tellis CJ, de Souza PVR, dos Santos Chagas MDS, Behrens MD, Jesús Hardoim DD, Taniwaki NN, Chometon TQ, Bertho AL, Calabrese KDS, Almeida-Souza F, Abreu-Silva AL. Vernonia brasiliana (L.) Druce induces ultrastructural changes and apoptosis-like death of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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11
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Aniba rosaeodora (Var. amazonica Ducke) Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Antitrypanosomal Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010024. [PMID: 33396612 PMCID: PMC7824638 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aniba rosaeodora is one of the most widely used plants in the perfumery industry, being used as medicinal plant in the Brazilian Amazon. This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of A. rosaeodora essential oil and its biological activities. A. rosaeodora essential oil presented linalool (93.60%) as its major compound. The A. rosaeodora essential oil and linalool showed activity against all the bacteria strains tested, standard strains and marine environment bacteria, with the lower minimum inhibitory concentration being observed for S. aureus. An efficient antioxidant activity of A. rosaeodora essential oil and linalool (EC50: 15.46 and 6.78 µg/mL, respectively) was evidenced by the inhibition of the 2,2-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical. The antitrypanosomal activity of A. rosaeodora essential oil and linalool was observed at high concentrations against epimatigote forms (inhibitory concentration for 50% of parasites (IC50): 150.5 ± 1.08 and 198.6 ± 1.12 µg/mL, respectively), and even higher against intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi (IC50: 911.6 ± 1.15 and 249.6 ± 1.18 µg/mL, respectively). Both A. rosaeodora essential oil and linalool did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect in BALB/c peritoneal macrophages, and both reduced nitrite levels in unstimulated cells revealing a potential effect in NO production. These data revealed the pharmacological potential of A. rosaeodora essential oil and linalool, encouraging further studies.
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12
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Wani AR, Yadav K, Khursheed A, Rather MA. An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104620. [PMID: 33212200 PMCID: PMC9159739 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils and their chemical constituents have been reported with well documented antimicrobial effects against a range of bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. By definition, essential oils are a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds which are synthesized naturally in different parts of the plant as part of plants secondary metabolism. The chemical composition of the essential oils is dominated by the presence of a range of compounds including phenolics, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, epoxides and many others inferring that essential oils must be effective against a wide range of pathogens. This review article mainly focuses on the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents especially against influenza and coronaviruses. Essential oils have been screened against several pathogenic viruses, including influenza and other respiratory viral infections. The essential oils of cinnamon, bergamot, lemongrass, thyme, lavender have been reported to exert potent antiviral effects against influenza type A virus. The essential oil of Citrus reshni leaves has been shown to be effective against H5N1 virus. The essential oil of Lippia species at a concentration of 11.1 μg/mL has been shown to induce 100% inhibition of yellow fever virus in Vero cells. Essential oils and oleoresins have been shown through in vitro and in vivo experiments to induce antiviral effects against Coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. A study reported 221 phytochemical compounds and essential oils to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using a cell-based assay measuring SARS-CoV-induced cytopathogenic effect on Vero E6 cells. The main mechanism of antiviral effects of essential oils has been found to cause capsid disintegration and viral expansion which prevents the virus to infect host cells by adsorption via the capsid. Essential oils also inhibit hemagglutinin (an important membrane protein of various viruses) of certain viruses; this membrane protein allows the virus to enter the host cell. Many essential oils and their components could inhibit the late stages of viral life cycle by targeting the redox signalling pathway. Essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, cymbopogon citratus and Rosmarinus officinalis have been found to destabilize the Tat/TAR-RNA complex of HIV-1 virus, this complex being essential for HIV-1 replication. Being lipophilic in nature, essential oils can penetrate viral membranes easily leading to membrane disintegration. The current comprehensive review will facilitate researchers to find chemical entities from plant sources as possible inhibitory agents against various viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rouf Wani
- Department of Botany, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Department of Botany, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India.
| | - Aadil Khursheed
- Department of Chemistry, Madhyanchal Professional University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, 192122, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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13
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Souza RAC, Ferreira BA, Moura FBRD, Costa Silva TD, Cavalcanti F, Franca EDF, Sousa RMFD, Febronio JDL, Lago JHG, Araújo FDA, de Oliveira A. Dehydrodieugenol B and hexane extract from Endlicheria paniculata regulate inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition induced by a murine sponge model. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104767. [PMID: 33122131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the evaluation of hexane extract from Endlicheria paniculata and its main metabolite dehydrodieugenol B in the inflammatory response induced by a murine implant sponge model. As a result, a reduction in the inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase) and number of mast cells were observed in comparison to the control group. All doses were also able to reduce angiogenic parameters evaluated in fibrovascular tissue. In implants treated with dehydrodieugenol B a reduction in total collagen deposition and types I and III collagen fibers were observed, while an increased in total collagen deposition and types I and III collagen fibers were observed in the treatment with hexane extract. Docking studies into cyclooxygenase-2 active site revealed that the dehydrodieugenol B had binding modes and energies comparable with celecoxib, diclofenac and ibuprofen. Therefore, dehydrodieugenol B was able to alter key components of chronic inflammation, resulting in a reduced inflammatory response and also presenting antifibrogenic and antiangiogenic effects. However, treatment with hexane extract resulted in a reduced inflammatory response with antiangiogenic effects, but caused fibrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Tiara da Costa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cavalcanti
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jenifer de Lima Febronio
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09210-180 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
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14
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Mancianti F, Ebani VV. Biological Activity of Essential Oils. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030678. [PMID: 32033336 PMCID: PMC7037813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2 I 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 I 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2 I 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 I 56124 Pisa, Italy
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