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Heck KL, Si L, Jung DJ, Calderón AI. Application of eco-friendly natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) in HPLC for separation of complex natural products: Current limitations and future directions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 244:116102. [PMID: 38547649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been used in chromatography as extraction media and HPLC mobile phase additives, but only once have they been used as HPLC major mobile phase component. This review illustrates current knowledge and major limitations on use of NADES in HPLC mobile phase as well as to propose possible NADES may be ready for use as HPLC mobile phases and the detectors they can be used with. High viscosity is one of the major roadblocks encountered when using NADES as a mobile phase component in HPLC regardless of detectors employed. A comprehensive review of published literature was conducted to identify articles that focused on using NADES as extraction solvents for natural products, particularly polyphenols or reported NADES viscosities to establish a database of NADES which could be used as HPLC mobile phases under various conditions. Other identified challenges that limit NADES application in HPLC mobile phase include low volatility, NADES wavelength cutoff (UV and Fluorescent detectors) and impurities. Methods for overcoming these limitations are discussed so that NADES may be more integrated into HPLC systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabre Lynne Heck
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Lin Si
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States
| | - Da Jin Jung
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Angela Isabel Calderón
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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Nayak N, Bhujle RR, Nanje-Gowda N, Chakraborty S, Siliveru K, Subbiah J, Brennan C. Advances in the novel and green-assisted techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from millets: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30921. [PMID: 38784533 PMCID: PMC11112340 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Millets are rich in nutritional and bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, and have the potential to combat malnutrition and various diseases. However, extracting these bioactive compounds can be challenging, as conventional methods are energy-intensive and can lead to thermal degradation. Green-assisted techniques have emerged as promising methods for sustainable and efficient extraction. This review explores recent trends in employing green-assisted techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from millets, and potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective is to evaluate and comprehend the parameters involved in different extraction methods, including energy efficiency, extraction yield, and the preservation of compound quality. The potential synergies achieved by integrating multiple extraction methods, and optimizing extraction efficiency for millet applications are also discussed. Among several, Ultrasound and Microwave-assisted extraction stand out for their rapidity, although there is a need for further research in the context of minor millets. Enzyme-assisted extraction, with its low energy input and ability to handle complex matrices, holds significant potential. Pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, despite being a non-thermal approach, requires further optimization for millet-specific applications, are few highlights. The review emphasizes the importance of considering specific compound characteristics, extraction efficiency, purity requirements, and operational costs when selecting an ideal technique. Ongoing research aims to optimize novel extraction processes for millets and their byproducts, offering promising applications in the development of millet-based nutraceutical food products. Therefore, the current study benefits researchers and industries to advance extraction research and develop efficient, sustainable, and scalable techniques to extract bioactive compounds from millets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nayak
- Department of Food Technology, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohan Rajendraji Bhujle
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - N.A. Nanje-Gowda
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, AR, USA
| | - Snehasis Chakraborty
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Kaliramesh Siliveru
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jeyamkondan Subbiah
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, AR, USA
| | - Charles Brennan
- STEM College, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Pusty K, Kumar Dash K, Giri S, Raj GVSB, Tiwari A, Shaikh AM, Béla K. Ultrasound assisted phytochemical extraction of red cabbage by using deep eutectic solvent: Modelling using ANFIS and optimization by genetic algorithms. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 102:106762. [PMID: 38211496 PMCID: PMC10825368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation studied the effect of process parameters on the extraction of phytochemicals from red cabbage by the application of ultrasonication and temperature. The solvent selected for the study was deep eutectic solvent (DES) prepared by choline chloride and citric acid. The ultrasound assisted extraction process was modeled using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm and integrated with the genetic algorithm for optimization purposes. The independent variables that influenced the responses (total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin activity, and total flavonoid content) were ultrasonication power, temperature, molar ratio of DES, and water content of DES. Each ANFIS model was formed by the training of three Gaussian-type membership functions (MF) for each input, trained by a hybrid algorithm with 500 epochs and linear type MF for output MF. The ANFIS model predicted each response close to the experimental data which is evident by the statistical parameters (R2>0.953 and RMSE <1.165). The integrated hybrid ANFIS-GA algorithm predicted the optimized condition for the process parameters of ultrasound assisted extraction of phytochemicals from red cabbage was found to be 252.114 W for ultrasonication power, 52.715 °C of temperature, 2.0677:1 of molar ratio of DES and 25.947 % of water content in DES solvent with maximum extraction content of responses, with fitness value 3.352. The relative deviation between the experimental and ANFIS predicted values for total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin activity, and total flavonoid content was found to be 1.849 %, 3.495 %, 2.801 %, and 4.661 % respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Pusty
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India.
| | - Souvik Giri
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - G V S Bhagya Raj
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajita Tiwari
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Kovács Béla
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
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Giri S, Kshirod Kumar Dash, Bhagya Raj G, Kovács B, Ayaz Mukarram S. Ultrasound assisted phytochemical extraction of persimmon fruit peel: Integrating ANN modeling and genetic algorithm optimization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 102:106759. [PMID: 38211494 PMCID: PMC10825330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of phytochemicals from persimmon fruit peel (PFP) was modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN) and optimized by integrating with genetic algorithm (GA). The range of process parameters selected for conducting the experiments was ultrasonication power (XU) 150---350 W, extraction temperatures (XT) 30---70 °C, solid to solvent ratio (XS) 1:15---1:35 g/ml, and ethanol concentration (XC) 40---80 %. The range of responses total phenolic content (YP), antioxidant activity (YA), total beta carotenoid (YB) and total flavonoid content (YF) at various independent variables combinations were found to be 7.72---24.62 mg GAE/g d.w., 51.44---85.58 %DPPH inhibition, 24.78---56.56 µg/g d.w. and 0.29---1.97 mg QE/g d.w. respectively. The modelling utilised an ANN architecture with a configuration of 4-12-4. The training process employed the Levenberg-Marquardt method, whereas the activation function chosen for the layers was the log sigmoid. The optimum condition predicted by the hybrid ANN-GA model for the independent variables, XU, XT, XS and XC was found to be 230.18 W, 50.66 °C, 28.27 g/ml, and 62.75 % respectively. The extraction process was carried out for 25 min, with 5-minute intervals, at various temperatures between 30 and 60 °C, to investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the process, under the optimal conditions of XU, XS and XC. The UAE of phytochemicals from persimmon peel followed pseudo second order kinetic model and the extraction process was endothermic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Giri
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India.
| | - Gvs Bhagya Raj
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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Zainal-Abidin MH, Kristianto S, Esnin SN, Matmin J, Abdul Wahab R, Wan Mahmood WMA, Widodo WT. Green extraction of phenolics using deep eutectic solvents: a promising neoteric method. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38012848 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2285872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing emphasis on developing extraction methods that are not only efficient but also environmentally friendly and sustainable. One promising avenue is the exploration of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as neoteric extraction media. This study aims to investigate the potential of DESs as neoteric extraction media for phenolics-rich flower clove extracts. Two DESs were synthesised by mixing choline chloride with glycerol and lactic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2. The thermal profiles of the mixture were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry, and the viscosity and density were measured at different temperatures. The phenolic compounds were quantitatively characterised for all of the extractants using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined. The results showed that DESs significantly improved the extraction of antioxidant compounds from clove, especially for the case of phenolic compounds, and also considerably enhanced the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The use of DESs offers a green, efficient method for extracting value-added products from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonny Kristianto
- Master in Forensic Sciences, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, 4-6 Airlangga Rd, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nuresyanah Esnin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Juan Matmin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan M Asyraf Wan Mahmood
- Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wimbuh Tri Widodo
- Master in Forensic Sciences, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, 4-6 Airlangga Rd, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Vo TP, Pham TV, Weina K, Tran TNH, Vo LTV, Nguyen PT, Bui TLH, Phan TH, Nguyen DQ. Green extraction of phenolics and flavonoids from black mulberry fruit using natural deep eutectic solvents: optimization and surface morphology. BMC Chem 2023; 17:119. [PMID: 37735704 PMCID: PMC10512608 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study deployed ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), combined with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), to extract phenolics and flavonoids from the black mulberry fruit, and the antioxidant activity was examined. The extraction yields of NADES-based UAE were assessed based on the yields of phenolics and flavonoids extracted from the black mulberry fruit. This study selected the molar ratios of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors HBD at 1:2 from previous studies. Choline chloride-lactic acid showed the highest solubility with phenolics and flavonoids among NADES systems. One-factor experiments evaluated the effect of UAE conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR), water content in NADES, temperature, and time) on TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. The suitable NADES-based UAE conditions for extracting phenolics and flavonoids from the black mulberry fruit were 60 ml/g of LSR, 40% water content, 70 °C, and 15 min. Response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design model optimized the NADES-based UAE process based on response (TPC, TFC, ABTS, OH, and DPPH). The optimal conditions for the NADES-based UAE process were 70 ml/g of LSR, 38.9% water content in NADES, 67.9 °C, and 24.2 min of extraction time. The predicted values of the Box-Behnken design were compatible with the experimental results. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to survey the surface of black mulberry fruit with and without sonication. SEM can assist in demonstrating the destructive effect of NADES and ultrasonic waves on material surfaces. SEM findings indicated the high surface destruction capacity of NADES, which partially contributed to a superior extraction yield of NADES than conventional organic solvents. The study proposes an efficient and green method for extracting bioactive compounds from black mulberry fruits. The black mulberry fruit extracts can be applied to meat preservation and beverages with high antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Vo
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Vy Pham
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kasia Weina
- Evergreen Labs, My Khue Ward, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Huyen Tran
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Thao Vy Vo
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Thanh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Linh Ha Bui
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Han Phan
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Quan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Rashid MT, Liu K, Wei DZ, Jatoi MA, Li Q, Sarpong F. Drying kinetics and quality dynamics of ultrasound-assisted dried selenium-enriched germinated black rice. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106468. [PMID: 37327688 PMCID: PMC10422111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Black rice is a functional food due to its higher protein, fiber, iron, antioxidant compounds, and other health benefits than traditional rice. The ultrasonic (US) pretreatments (10, 20, and 50 min) followed by hot-air drying (50, 60, and 70 °C) were applied to study the drying kinetics, mathematical modeling, thermodynamics, microstructure, bioactive profile, volatile compounds and to lock the nutritional composition of selenium-enriched germinated black rice (SeGBR). Ultrasonic-treated samples exhibited a 20.5% reduced drying time than control ones. The Hii model accurately describes the drying kinetics of SeGBR with the highest R2 (>0.997 to 1.00) among the fifteen studied models. The activation energy values in US-SeGBR varied from 3.97 to 13.90 kJ/mol, while the specific energy consumption ranged from 6.45 to 12.32 kWh/kg, which was lower than untreated. The obtained thermodynamic attributes of dried black rice revealed that the process was endothermic and non-spontaneous. Gallic acid, kaempferol, and cyanidin 3-glucoside were present in high concentrations in phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, respectively. The HS-SPME-GC-MS investigation detected and quantified 55 volatile compounds. The US-treated SeGBR had more volatile compounds, which may stimulate the release of more flavorful substances. The scanning electronic micrograph shows that the US-treated samples absorbed high water through several micro-cavities. Selenium concentration was significantly higher in US-treated samples at 50 °C than in control samples. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted hot-air drying accelerated drying and improved SeGBR quality, which is crucial for the food industry and global promotion of this healthiest rice variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Rashid
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Deng-Zhong Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | | | - Qingyun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Frederick Sarpong
- Value Addition Division, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Box 74, Kade, Ghana
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Vo TP, Pham ND, Pham TV, Nguyen HY, Vo LTV, Tran TNH, Tran TN, Nguyen DQ. Green extraction of total phenolic and flavonoid contents from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) rind using natural deep eutectic solvents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14884. [PMID: 37095977 PMCID: PMC10121615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This research combined ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) to recover phenolic and flavonoid components from mangosteen rind. The antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH, ABTS+, and hydroxyl assays. NADES prepared from lactic and 1,2-propanediol had the highest extraction efficiency based on the total flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic contents (TPC). Single-factor experiments were employed to assess the influence of UAE conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature, water content in NADES, and time) on TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activities. NADES-based UAE conditions were optimized using response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design model on five dependent responses (TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, and OH). The optimal conditions for the lactic-1,2-Propanediol-based UAE process were 76.7 ml liquid/g solid with 30.3% of water content at 57.5 °C for 9.1 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to examine the surface morphology of mangosteen rind before and after sonication. This study proposes an efficient, green, and practical approach for recovering phenolics and flavonoids from mangosteen rinds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Vo
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Duyen Pham
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Vy Pham
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Yen Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Thao Vy Vo
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Huyen Tran
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tri Nguyen Tran
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Quan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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From Foxtail Millet Husk (Waste) to Bioactive Phenolic Extracts Using Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Acetylcholinesterase, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061144. [PMID: 36981072 PMCID: PMC10048580 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet husk (FMH) is generally removed and discarded during the first step of millet processing. This study aimed to optimize a method using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) combined with ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract phenols from FMH and to identify the phenolic compositions and evaluate the biological activities. The optimized DES comprised L-lactic acid and glycol with a 1:2 molar ratio by taking the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) as targets. The extraction parameters were optimized to maximize TFC and TPC, using the following settings: liquid-to-solid ratio of 25 mL/g, DES with water content of 15%, extraction time of 41 min and temperature of 51 °C, and ultrasonic power at 304 W. The optimized UAE-DES, which produced significantly higher TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities compared to conventional solvent extraction. Through UPLC–MS, 12 phenolic compounds were identified, with 1-O-p-coumaroylglycerol, apigenin-C-pentosyl-C-hexoside, and 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol being the main phenolic components. 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol and 3,7-dimethylquercetin were identified first in foxtail millet. Our results indicated that FMH could be exploited by UAE-DES extraction as a useful source of naturally derived antioxidants, along with acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
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Liu Z, Deng M, Qu Y, Liang N, Zhao L. An efficient extraction method for ergosterol from Lentinus edodes stem by ultrasonic-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Efficient Extraction of Flavonoids from Lotus Leaves by Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Its Evaluation on Antioxidant Activities. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a green extraction solvent for natural plants could promote related research. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used as green solvents coupled with an ultrasound-assisted extraction method (UAE) to extract flavonoids from lotus leaves. Thirty-four different DES were performed and choline chloride/urea with 40% water was chosen as the most promising one, and the related parameters in the procedures were optimized, resulting in the highest extraction amount of flavonoids in lotus leaves. D-101 was selected from four macroporous resins to separate the flavonoids from DES. Moreover, DES could be recycled and efficiently reused four times with satisfactory performances. In addition, the lotus leaf flavonoids from the DES extract exhibited antioxidant activities in five kinds of assays including DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+ reducing, FRAP, and Fe2+ chelating. It also showed antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations at 1666 μg/mL and 208 μg/mL, respectively. In the HPLC analysis, the three main components in the DES extract were identified as astragalin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin. In conclusion, the developed UAE-DES followed by macroporous resin treatment could become an efficient and environmentally friendly extraction and enrichment method for flavonoids from lotus leaves and other natural products.
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Rashid R, Mohd Wani S, Manzoor S, Masoodi F, Masarat Dar M. Green extraction of bioactive compounds from apple pomace by ultrasound assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction: Optimisation, comparison and bioactivity. Food Chem 2023; 398:133871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhang H, Su J, Wang Q, Yuan M, Li C. Structure, gelatinization, and digestion characteristics of starch from Chinese wild rice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2147943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- College of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JP, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JP, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Su
- College of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JP, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- College of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JP, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JP, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JP, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JP, P. R. China
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Hashemi B, Shiri F, Švec F, Nováková L. Green solvents and approaches recently applied for extraction of natural bioactive compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Estivi L, Brandolini A, Condezo-Hoyos L, Hidalgo A. Impact of low-frequency ultrasound technology on physical, chemical and technological properties of cereals and pseudocereals. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 86:106044. [PMID: 35605345 PMCID: PMC9126843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cereals (CE) and pseudocereals (PSCE) play a pivotal role in nourishing the human population. Low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) modifies the structure of CE and PSCE macromolecules such as starch and proteins, often improving their technological, functional and bioactive properties. Hence, it is employed for enhancing the traditional processes utilized for the preparation of CE- and PSCE-based foods as well as for the upcycling of their by-products. We report recent advances in LFUS treatments for hydration, germination, extraction of bioactive compounds from by-products, and fortification of CEs and PSCE, including kinetic modelling and underlying action mechanisms. Meta-analyses of LFUS influence on compounds extraction and starch gelatinization are also presented. LFUS enhances hydration rate and time lag phase of CE and PSCE, essential for germination, extraction, fermentation and cooking. The germination is improved by increasing hydration, releasing promoters and eliminating inhibitors. Furthermore, LFUS boosts the extraction of phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and other food components; modifies starch structure, affecting pasting properties; causes partial denaturation of proteins, improving their interfacial properties and their peptides availability. Overall, LFUS has an outstanding potential to improve transformation processes and functionalities of CE and PSCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Estivi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Brandolini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Unità di Ricerca per la Zootecnia e l'Acquacoltura (CREA-ZA), via Piacenza 29, Lodi 26900, Italy.
| | - Luis Condezo-Hoyos
- Innovative Technology, Food and Health Research Group, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Investigación de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru
| | - Alyssa Hidalgo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
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Zheng B, Yuan Y, Xiang J, Jin W, Johnson JB, Li Z, Wang C, Luo D. Green extraction of phenolic compounds from foxtail millet bran by ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction: Optimization, comparison and bioactivities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Lanjekar KJ, Rathod VK. Application of Ultrasound and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Extraction of Glycyrrhizic Acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra: Optimization and Kinetic Evaluation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita J. Lanjekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virendra K. Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
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Rente D, Paiva A, Duarte AR. The Role of Hydrogen Bond Donor on the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Natural Matrices Using Deep Eutectic Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082336. [PMID: 33920554 PMCID: PMC8073569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, deep eutectic systems (DESs) as extraction techniques for bioactive compounds have surfaced as a greener alternative to common organic solvents. In order to study the effect of these systems on the extraction of phenolic compounds from different natural sources, a comprehensive review of the state of the art was carried out. In a first approach, the addition of water to these systems and its effect on DES physicochemical properties such as polarity, viscosity, and acidity was investigated. This review studied the effect of the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) on the nature of the extracted phenolics. The effects of the nature of the HBD, namely carbon chain length as well as the number of hydroxyl, methyl, and carbonyl groups, have shown to play a critical role in the extraction of different phenolic compounds. This review highlights the differences between DES systems and systematizes the results published in the literature, so that a more comprehensive evaluation of the systems can be carried out before any experimental trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Rente
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.P.)
- Des Solutio, Avenida Tenente Valadim, nº 17, 2ºF, 2560-275 Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Duarte
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.P.)
- Des Solutio, Avenida Tenente Valadim, nº 17, 2ºF, 2560-275 Torres Vedras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Patil SS, Pathak A, Rathod VK. Optimization and kinetic study of ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent based extraction: A greener route for extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105267. [PMID: 32920301 PMCID: PMC7786552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new extraction medium is a step towards the development of green and sustainable technology. In the present study, nine DESs based on choline chloride acids, alcohols, and sugar were screened to study the extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. Choline chloride and lactic acid DES at 1:1 M ratio gave the maximum extent of extraction. Further, DES based extraction was intensified using ultrasound. The impact of various process parameters such as % (v/v) water in DES, % (w/v) solid loading, particle size, ultrasound power intensity, and pulse mode operation of ultrasound was studied. The maximum curcuminoids yield of 77.13 mg/g was achieved using ultrasound assisted DES (UA-DES) based extraction in 20% water content DES at 5% solid loading and 0.355 mm particle size with 70.8 W/cm2 power intensity and 60% (6 sec ON and 4 sec OFF) duty cycle at 30 ± 2 °C in 20 min of irradiation time. Kinetics of UA-DES extraction was explained using Peleg's model and concluded that it is compatible with the experimental data. Additionally, anti-solvent (water) precipitation technique was applied, which resulted in 41.97% recovery of curcuminoids with 82.22% purity from UA-DES extract in 8 h of incubation at 0 °C. The comparison was made between conventional Soxhlet, batch, DES and UA-DES based processes on the basis of yield, time, solvent requirement, temperature, energy consumption, and process cost. The developed UA-DES based extraction can be an efficient, cost effective, and green alternative to conventional solvent extraction for curcuminoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata S Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ajay Pathak
- Konark Herbals and Health Care, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400013, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Comparison of the contents of phenolic compounds including flavonoids and antioxidant activity of rice (Oryza sativa) and Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia). Food Chem 2020; 344:128600. [PMID: 33221101 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The contents of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of rice (Oryza sativa, Os) and Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia, Zl) harvested in China were compared. Zl possessed significantly higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins and exhibited higher antioxidant activity than in the Os Xian group, the Os Geng group, and red rice. The flavonoid contents of Os and Zl were compared using a UHPLC-QqQ-MS-based metabolomics approach. A total of 159 flavonoids were identified, among which 78 showed differential expression (72 up-regulated and six down-regulated in the Zl group). The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes annotation and classification indicated that the differentially expressed flavonoids were mainly related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, candidate genes for flavonoid biosynthesis in Os and Zl were identified in this study. Compared with non-pigmented and red rice, Zl may be more nutritious and is thus considered a better source of natural antioxidants.
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Yu X, Chu M, Chu C, Du Y, Shi J, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yan N. Wild rice (Zizania spp.): A review of its nutritional constituents, phytochemicals, antioxidant activities, and health-promoting effects. Food Chem 2020; 331:127293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Xu H, Peng J, Kong Y, Liu Y, Su Z, Li B, Song X, Liu S, Tian W. Key process parameters for deep eutectic solvents pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass materials: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123416. [PMID: 32334906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been considered as a novel green solvent for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. The efficiency of DES pretreatment is affected by the synergy of various process parameters. The study of effect of DES physicochemical properties and pretreatment reaction conditions on the mechanism of lignocellulose biomass fractionation was of great significance for the development of biomass conversion. Form the view of process control, this review summarized recent advances in DES pretreatment, analyzed the challenges, and prospected the future development of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yaoze Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhenning Su
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Wende Tian
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266042, PR China
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Chu C, Du Y, Yu X, Shi J, Yuan X, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yan N. Dynamics of antioxidant activities, metabolites, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic biosynthetic genes in germinating Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia). Food Chem 2020; 318:126483. [PMID: 32126468 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant activity of germinating Chinese wild rice was found to decline initially, after which it increased. The largest difference in antioxidant activity was observed between the 36-h (G36) and the 120-h germination (G120) stage. We further assessed the dynamic changes in metabolites, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic biosynthetic genes in germinating Chinese wild rice. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry revealed that 315 metabolites were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated between G36 and G120. Levels of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and epigallocatechin increased significantly during germination. Gene expression of four phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, one 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, one cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, two cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases, one chalcone synthase, and one chalcone isomerase was significantly higher at G120 than at G36 and promoted phenolics accumulation. This study elucidated the biochemical mechanisms involved in antioxidant activity and phenolic profile changes during Chinese wild rice germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiuting Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Tan JN, Dou Y. Deep eutectic solvents for biocatalytic transformations: focused lipase-catalyzed organic reactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1481-1496. [PMID: 31907576 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is a green and sustainable technology for which the ideal solvent should be nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and sustainable, in addition to supporting high enzyme activity and stability. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a novel class of green solvents, have recently emerged as excellent alternatives for use in various biocatalytic reactions and, in particular, in lipase-catalyzed reactions with enzymes. This review discusses the achievements that have been made so far in the use of DESs as reaction media for lipase-catalyzed reactions. In addition, the application of DESs in esterification, transesterification, and amidation reactions with isolated or immobilized biocatalysts, toward enabling the synthesis of biodiesels, sugar esters, phenolipids, and fatty acyl ethanolamides, is summarized, while advances in lipase-catalyzed chemoenzymatic epoxidation reactions, C-C bond-forming Aldol reactions, and hydrolysis reactions in DESs are also discussed. This review also summarize some remaining questions concerning the use of DESs, including the intriguing role of water as a cosolvent in biocatalytic reactions carried out in DESs, and the relationship between the nature of the DESs and their influence on the enzyme stability and activity at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Neng Tan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Yuqing Dou
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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