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Sayed K, Wan-Mohtar WHM, Mohd Hanafiah Z, Bithi AS, Md Isa N, Abd Manan TSB. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant through wastewater irrigation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104475. [PMID: 38777114 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation focuses on the identification of popular PhACs in roots, leaves and rice grains, which are cultivated in soil irrigated with waters and wastewater. The present study reveals the presence of PhACs in rice grains from different brands which are available in the current market, which has thus motivated these experiments. The rice plants were cultivated in garden containers and irrigated with three different water sources. All PhAC compounds were recovered within an 89-111 % range using the extraction technique, reproducibility, and sensitivity (LOQ <25 µg/g). Further, PhAC compounds were identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QqTOF-MS). Interestingly, several PhAC compounds were detected in rice grains, aligning with hypotheses and findings from published literature. A total of ten (10) PhACs were found in the root, leaf, and rice grain of the 20 popular PhACs that were targeted. The annual exposure and medical dose equivalent for individual PhACs was negligible. According to our knowledge, this study is the first to show the accumulation of several categories (cocktail) of PhACs in rice grains and show the approximate human health risk assessment by its consumption. The study's results provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and agricultural practitioners working on sustainable agriculture and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sayed
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan-Mohtar
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia; Environmental Management Centre, Institute of Climate Change, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Aziza Sultana Bithi
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhikma Md Isa
- Faculty of Science & Technology, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia
| | - Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman 21030, Malaysia
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2
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Kim MJ, Choi HS, Shin H, Lee JH, Kim NS, Kim H. Simultaneous Detection Method of 11 Respiratory Drug Substances Including Theobromine, Oxymetazoline, etc. in Adulterated Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae044. [PMID: 38935431 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the demand for respiratory disease-related products has surged due to the influence of coronavirus disease 2019, prompting warnings about illegal dietary supplements containing unauthorized substances. Additionally, adulterated dietary supplements are continuously detected in open markets, posing significant public health safety problem. In this study, we developed and validated an analytical method for 11 respiratory drug substances using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and proposed optimal conditions for LC-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (LC-QTOF-MS) to determine the fragmentation patterns of each substance. This method underwent thorough validation considering specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, stability, etc. All results met international guidelines. These validated methods were applied to 52 dietary supplements advertised for treating respiratory diseases and enhancing respiratory function, among which one sample was found to contain 313.7 mg/g of theobromine. This determination was made by comparing the product ion ratios with the standards and subsequent quantification. To re-confirm the detected substances, their fragmentation patterns were compared with those of the standards using LC-QTOF-MS. In conclusion, the mass-based information, coupled with the LC-ESI-MS/MS method development, can be successfully applied to rapidly identify 11 respiratory drug substances in illegal dietary supplements used for respiratory disease treatment. The developed simultaneous detection method contributes to public health and safety improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Kim
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Seong Choi
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Shin
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kim
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungil Kim
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
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3
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Guerrero-Flores GN, Pacheco FJ, Boskovic DS, Pacheco SOS, Zhang G, Fraser GE, Miles FL. Sialic acids Neu5Ac and KDN in adipose tissue samples from individuals following habitual vegetarian or non-vegetarian dietary patterns. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12593. [PMID: 37537165 PMCID: PMC10400564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are a class of sugar molecules with a parent nine-carbon neuraminic acid, generally present at the ends of carbohydrate chains, either attached to cellular surfaces or as secreted glycoconjugates. Given their position and structural diversity, Sias modulate a wide variety of biological processes. However, little is known about the role of Sias in human adipose tissue, or their implications for health and disease, particularly among individuals following different dietary patterns. The goal of this study was to measure N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN) concentrations in adipose tissue samples from participants in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) and to compare the abundance of these Sias in individuals following habitual, long-term vegetarian or non-vegetarian dietary patterns. A method was successfully developed for the extraction and detection of Sias in adipose tissue. Sias levels were quantified in 52 vegans, 56 lacto-vegetarians, and 48 non-vegetarians using LC-MS/MS with Neu5Ac-D-1,2,3-13C3 as an internal standard. Dietary groups were compared using linear regression. Vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians had significantly higher concentrations of Neu5Ac relative to non-vegetarians. While KDN levels tended to be higher in vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians, these differences were not statistically significant. However, KDN levels were significantly inversely associated with body mass index. In contrast, Neu5Gc was not detected in human adipose samples. It is plausible that different Neu5Ac concentrations in adipose tissues of vegetarians, compared to those of non-vegetarians, reflect a difference in the baseline inflammatory status between the two groups. Epidemiologic studies examining levels of Sias in human adipose tissue and other biospecimens will help to further explore their roles in development and progression of inflammatory conditions and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo N Guerrero-Flores
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fabio J Pacheco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Sandaly O S Pacheco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Fayth L Miles
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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4
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Visconti G, Boccard J, Feinberg M, Rudaz S. From fundamentals in calibration to modern methodologies: A tutorial for small molecules quantification in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry bioanalysis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1240:340711. [PMID: 36641149 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, liquid chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry (LC‒MS) has become the gold standard to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of small molecules. When quantitative analysis is developed, an analyst usually refers to international guidelines for analytical method validation. In this context, the design of calibration curves plays a key role in providing accurate results. During recent years and along with instrumental advances, strategies to build calibration curves have dramatically evolved, introducing innovative approaches to improve quantitative precision and throughput. For example, when a labeled standard is available to be spiked directly into the study sample, the concentration of the unlabeled analog can be easily determined using the isotopic pattern deconvolution or the internal calibration approach, eliminating the need for multipoint calibration curves. This tutorial aims to synthetize the advances in LC‒MS quantitative analysis for small molecules in complex matrices, going from fundamental aspects in calibration to modern methodologies and applications. Different work schemes for calibration depending on the sample characteristics (analyte and matrix nature) are distinguished and discussed. Finally, this tutorial outlines the importance of having international guidelines for analytical method validation that agree with the advances in calibration strategies and analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Visconti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Coelho M, Patarrão RS, Sousa-Lima I, Ribeiro RT, Meneses MJ, Andrade R, Mendes VM, Manadas B, Raposo JF, Macedo MP, Jones JG. Increased Intake of Both Caffeine and Non-Caffeine Coffee Components Is Associated with Reduced NAFLD Severity in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010004. [PMID: 36615664 PMCID: PMC9824649 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee may protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the roles of the caffeine and non-caffeine components are unclear. Coffee intake by 156 overweight subjects (87% with Type-2-Diabetes, T2D) was assessed via a questionnaire, with 98 subjects (all T2D) also providing a 24 h urine sample for quantification of coffee metabolites by LC-MS/MS. NAFLD was characterized by the fatty liver index (FLI) and by Fibroscan® assessment of fibrosis. No associations were found between self-reported coffee intake and NAFLD parameters; however, total urine caffeine metabolites, defined as Σcaffeine (caffeine + paraxanthine + theophylline), and adjusted for fat-free body mass, were significantly higher for subjects with no liver fibrosis than for those with fibrosis. Total non-caffeine metabolites, defined as Σncm (trigonelline + caffeic acid + p-coumaric acid), showed a significant negative association with the FLI. Multiple regression analyses for overweight/obese T2D subjects (n = 89) showed that both Σcaffeine and Σncm were negatively associated with the FLI, after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, ethanol intake and glomerular filtration rate. The theophylline fraction of Σcaffeine was significantly increased with both fibrosis and the FLI, possibly reflecting elevated CYP2E1 activity-a hallmark of NAFLD worsening. Thus, for overweight/obese T2D patients, higher intake of both caffeine and non-caffeine coffee components is associated with less severe NAFLD. Caffeine metabolites represent novel markers of NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Coelho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- III Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita S. Patarrão
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Sousa-Lima
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rogério T. Ribeiro
- APDP-Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center, 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Meneses
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Andrade
- APDP-Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center, 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera M. Mendes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- III Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- III Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Raposo
- APDP-Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center, 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Paula Macedo
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS-FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- APDP-Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center, 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - John G. Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- III Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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6
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Burgos-Edwards A, Rojas de Arias A, López-Torres C, Palominos C, Fuentes-Retamal S, Herrera Y, Dubois-Camacho K, Urra FA. A paraguayan toad Rhinella schneideri preparation based on Mbya tradition increases mitochondrial bioenergetics with migrastatic effects dependent on AMPK in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115344. [PMID: 35526731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Paraguay, healers from the Mbya culture treat cancer with a recipe prepared with the native toad Rhinella schneideri. However, the chemical composition and biological effects of the recipe remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim is to determine the composition of the traditional preparation made using the toad R. schneideri and to evaluate its effect on human breast cancer (BC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolites contained in the preparation were concentrated using XAD-7 resin, and the concentrate was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The effect of the preparation was assessed in normal (MCF10F) and BC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7). The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cell cycle progression were determined by flow cytometry. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured by Clark electrode, and fibronectin-dependent migration in normoxia and hypoxia-like conditions were evaluated by transwell assay. RESULTS From the Amberlite-retained extract from the preparation, 24 compounds were identified, including alkaloids, amino acids, bufadienolides, and flavonoids, among others. The crude extract (CE) did not affect cell cycle progression and viability of BC cell lines. Moreover, it did not make cancer cells more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapeutics doxorubicin and teniposide. On the other hand, the CE reduced the menadione-induced ROS production and increased NADH, Δψm, and the OCR. Respiratory complexes I and III as well as ATP synthase levels were increased in an AMPK-dependent manner. Moreover, the CE inhibited the migration of BC cells in normoxia and a hypoxia-like condition using CoCl2 as a HIF1α-stabilizing agent. This latter effect involved an AMPK-dependent reduction of HIF1α levels. CONCLUSIONS The Paraguayan toad recipe contains metabolites from the toad ingredient, including alkaloids and bufadienolide derivatives. The CE lacks cytotoxic effects alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics. However, it increases mitochondrial bioenergetics and inhibits the cancer cell migration in an AMPK-dependent manner in BC cells. This is the first report of the in vitro anticancer effect of a traditional Rhinella sp. toad preparation based on Mbya tradition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, 3460000, Chile.
| | - Alberto Burgos-Edwards
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, 3460000, Chile; Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus San Lorenzo, P.O. Box 1055, Paraguay
| | - Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvira 635 entre 15 de Agosto y O' Leary, Barrio La Encarnación, Asunción, Código Postal 1255, Paraguay
| | - Camila López-Torres
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Charlotte Palominos
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Fuentes-Retamal
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yarela Herrera
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Dubois-Camacho
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Long JY, Hu YH, Xia Y, Du FF, Dai HR, Tian M, Xu J, Cheng R, Ding XS, Guo HL, Chen F. Therapeutic drug monitoring of caffeine and its primary metabolites in plasma using LC-ESI-MS/MS for apnea of prematurity treatment: Evaluation of ultrapure water as a surrogate matrix. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5462. [PMID: 35881540 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The growing evidence has endorsed the view that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of caffeine for apnea of prematurity is helpful for dose tailoring when the therapeutic response is lacking or toxicity is suspected. However, the plasma without caffeine is difficult to obtain. Therefore, a method was developed and validated to measure caffeine and its three primary metabolites (paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline) using LC-ESI-MS/MS in human plasma and several surrogate matrices. The chromatographic separation of analytes was finally achieved on a Waters Symmetry C18 (4.6 × 75 mm, 3.5 μm) column. Several strategies were successfully applied to overcome the matrix effects: 1) appropriate dilution for sample cleanup; 2) a starting lower proportion of organic phase; 3) multiple individual stable-labeled isotopic internal standards. The parallelism between the authentic matrix and surrogate matrices was convincing. The recovery of the analytes in both human plasma and rat plasma was acceptable over the linear range (0.500 to 50.0 μg/mL for caffeine, and 0.0100 to 1.00 μg/mL for three metabolites). The method was successfully applied in 118 samples from 74 preterm infants with apnea of prematurity. The rat plasma or ultrapure water as surrogate matrix is worthy of being recommended for routine TDM of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Long
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Ran Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Tian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Göktaş EF, Kabil E, Yatanaslan L, Güneş E, Dirikolu L. Simultaneous Quantification of Caffeine and Its Main Metabolites by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in Horse Urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5445. [PMID: 35797186 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the naturally occurring alkaloids and it is metabolized to paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine. The analyses of caffeine and its metabolites are challenging since the metabolites theophylline and paraxanthine generate similar product and precursor ions. In this study, a new method was developed for simultaneous analysis of caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline in horse urine using Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Urine samples were treated using solid phase extraction followed by the elution with dichloromethane/isopropanol (90/10) after pH was adjusted to 6, and then derivatization with MSTFA-1%TMCS before analysis by GC-MS. Sample preparation and derivatization steps were optimized and the method permitted elution all of these analytes within 13 min. The method was fully validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC guidelines. The calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient of >0.99. Precision and accuracy were well within the 15% acceptance range and the method was robust. The validation results demonstrated that the method is highly reproducible, easily applicable and selective. The method was applied to urine samples collected from racehorses to demonstrate its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylem Funda Göktaş
- Doping Control Laboratory, Istanbul Pendik Veterinary Control Institude, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Kabil
- Doping Control Laboratory, Istanbul Pendik Veterinary Control Institude, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Yatanaslan
- Doping Control Laboratory, Istanbul Pendik Veterinary Control Institude, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Güneş
- Doping Control Laboratory, Istanbul Pendik Veterinary Control Institude, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Dirikolu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Tougeron K, Hance T. Cascading effects of caffeine intake by primary consumers to the upper trophic level. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:197-203. [PMID: 34474702 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are central to understanding the evolution of plant-animal interactions. Direct effects on phytophagous animals are well-known, but how secondary consumers adjust their behavioural and physiological responses to the herbivore's diet remains more scarcely explored for some metabolites. Caffeine is a neuroactive compound that affects both the behaviour and physiology of several animal species, from humans to insects. It is an alkaloid present in nectar, leaves and even sap of numerous species of plants where it plays a role in chemical defences against herbivores and pathogens. Caffeine effects have been overlooked in generalist herbivores that are not specialized in coffee or tea plants. Using a host-parasitoid system, we show that caffeine intake at a relatively low dose affects longevity and fecundity of the primary consumer, but also indirectly of the secondary one, suggesting that this alkaloid and/or its effects can be transmitted through trophic levels and persist in the food chain. Parasitism success was lowered by ≈16% on hosts fed with caffeine, and parasitoids of the next generation that have developed in hosts fed on caffeine showed a reduced longevity, but no differences in mass and size were found. This study helps at better understanding how plant secondary metabolites, such as caffeine involved in plant-animal interactions, could affect primary consumers, could have knock-on effects on upper trophic levels over generations, and could modify interspecific interactions in multitrophic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tougeron
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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10
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Ezzat SM, Abdel Rahman MF, Salama MM, Mahrous EA, El Bariary A. Non-polar metabolites of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) potentiate the antidiabetic activity of mesenchymal stem cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14083. [PMID: 35034354 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are consumed as pods or mature seeds (common beans). The pods were extracted with 95% ethanol and processed to prepare non-polar and polar fractions. Comparing the antihyperglycemic activity of both fractions, non-polar fraction (NPF, 200 mg kg-1 day-1 ) lowered blood glucose in streptozotocin diabetic rats by 65% compared to 57% for the polar fraction at the same dose. When NPF treatment was combined with injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) a 4.4-fold increase in serum insulin and a 73.6% reduction in blood glucose were observed compared to untreated control. Additionally, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (76.2%), nitric oxide (68.2%), cholesterol (76.1%), and triglycerides (69.5%) and a 1.75-fold increase in HDL concentrations were observed in the group treated with this combination compared to diabetic animals. Interestingly, NPF increased homing of MSC in pancreas potentiating their antidiabetic activity. Finally, 26 compounds were identified in NPF using LC/MS analysis and four were isolated in pure form. The isolated compounds namely calotroproceryl acetate, fridelin, calotroproceryl A, and stigmasterol showed good inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with IC50 at 1.93, 1.07, 1.34 and 1.44-1 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, these compounds inhibited α-amylase, albeit at higher concentration, with IC50 at 248, 212, 254, and 155 μg/ml for calotroproceryl acetate, fridelin, calotroproceryl A, and stigmasterol, respectively. Our results suggest that green beans extract can potentiate effect of MSC in diabetes directly due to its own antidiabetic effect and indirectly by increasing MSC homing in pancreatic tissues. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It has been suggested in this study that green beans can improve hyperglycemia, oxidative balance in diabetes, so green beans can be promoted as a healthy nutrient for diabetic patients. Green beans also can enhance homing and differentiation of mesnchymal stem cells in the pancreas for future stem cell therapy of type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abdel Rahman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany El Bariary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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11
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Plicosepalus acacia Extract and Its Major Constituents, Methyl Gallate and Quercetin, Potentiate Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Diabetic Hind Limb Ischemia: HPTLC Quantification and LC-MS/MS Metabolic Profiling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111701. [PMID: 34829572 PMCID: PMC8614836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plicosepalus acacia (Fam. Loranthaceae) has been reported to possess hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed the presence of a high content of polyphenolic compounds that are attributed to the therapeutic effects of the crude extract. In addition, methyl gallate and quercetin were detected as major phytomedicinal agents at concentrations of 1.7% and 0.062 g%, respectively, using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The present study investigated the effect of the P. acacia extract and its isolated compounds, methyl gallate and quercetin, on hind limb ischemia induced in type 1 diabetic rats. Histopathological examination revealed that treatment with P. acacia extract, methyl gallate, and quercetin decreased degenerative changes and inflammation in the ischemic muscle. Further biochemical assessment of the hind limb tissue showed decreased oxidative stress, increased levels of nitric oxide and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and enhancement of the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the groups treated with methyl gallate and quercetin. Expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), VEGF, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and miR-146a were upregulated in the muscle tissue of methyl gallate- and quercetin-treated groups along with downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In conclusion, P. acacia extract and its isolated compounds, methyl gallate and quercetin, mediated therapeutic angiogenesis in diabetic hind limb ischemia.
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12
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Nwabufo CK, Aigbogun OP, Allen KJH, Owens MN, Lee JS, Phenix CP, Krol ES. Employing in vitro metabolism to guide design of F-labelled PET probes of novel α-synuclein binding bifunctional compounds. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:885-900. [PMID: 34187286 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1943566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A challenge in the development of novel 18F-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes is identification of metabolically stable sites to incorporate the 18F radioisotope. Metabolic loss of 18F from PET probes in vivo can lead to misleading biodistribution data as displaced 18F can accumulate in various tissues.In this study we report on in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism of novel caffeine containing bifunctional compounds (C8-6-I, C8-6-N, C8-6-C8) that can prevent in vitro aggregation of α-synuclein, which is associated with the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. The metabolic profile obtained guided us to synthesize stable isotope 19F-labelled analogues in which the fluorine was introduced at the metabolically stable N7 of the caffeine moiety.An in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism study of the 19F-labelled analogues resulted in similar metabolites to the unlabelled compounds and demonstrated that the fluorine was metabolically stable, suggesting that these analogues are appropriate PET imaging probes. This straightforward in vitro strategy is valuable for avoiding costly stability failures when designing radiolabelled compounds for PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso K Nwabufo
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Kevin J H Allen
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Madeline N Owens
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jeremy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Ed S Krol
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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13
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Hanazawa T, Kamijo Y, Yoshizawa T, Usui K. Rapid measurement of serum caffeine concentrations in acuteclinical settings. TOXICOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24734306.2021.1928366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Hanazawa
- Emergency Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fujimi Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kamijo
- Emergency Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshizawa
- Emergency Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Usui
- Emergency Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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14
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Im JE, Kim HY, Lee JD, Park JJ, Kang KS, Kim KB. Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050641. [PMID: 33946395 PMCID: PMC8147129 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal absorption of chemicals is a key factor in risk assessment. This study investigated the effects of different amounts of application on dermal absorption and suggested an appropriate application dose for proper dermal absorption. Caffeine and testosterone were chosen as test compounds. An in vitro dermal absorption test was performed using a Franz diffusion cell. Different amounts (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg (or µL)/cm2) of semisolid (cream) and liquid (solution) formulations containing 1% caffeine and 0.1% testosterone were applied to rat and minipig (Micropig®) skins. After 24 h, the concentrations of both compounds remaining on the skin surface and in the stratum corneum, dermis and epidermis, and receptor fluid were determined using LC-MS / MS or HPLC. Dermal absorption of both compounds decreased with increasing amounts of application in both skin types (rat and minipig) and formulations (cream and solution). Especially, dermal absorptions (%) of both compounds at 50 mg (or µL)/cm2 was significantly lower compared to 5 or 10 mg (or µL)/cm2 in both rat and minipig skins. Therefore, a low dose (5 or 10 mg (or µL)/cm2) of the formulation should be applied to obtain conservative dermal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueng-Eun Im
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-E.I.); (H.Y.K.); (J.D.L.); (J.-J.P.)
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hyang Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-E.I.); (H.Y.K.); (J.D.L.); (J.-J.P.)
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-E.I.); (H.Y.K.); (J.D.L.); (J.-J.P.)
| | - Jin-Ju Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-E.I.); (H.Y.K.); (J.D.L.); (J.-J.P.)
| | - Kyung-Soo Kang
- APURES Co., Ltd., Pyeongtae 13174, Korea;
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shingu College, Gwangmyeong-ro 377, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13174, Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.-E.I.); (H.Y.K.); (J.D.L.); (J.-J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-1443; Fax: +82-41-559-7899
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