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Tzoupis H, Papavasileiou KD, Papatzelos S, Mavrogiorgis A, Zacharia LC, Melagraki G, Afantitis A. Systematic Review of Naturally Derived Substances That Act as Inhibitors of the Nicotine Metabolizing Enzyme Cytochrome P450 2A6. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8031. [PMID: 39125600 PMCID: PMC11312336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been highlighted as a major health challenge in modern societies. Despite not causing death directly, smoking has been associated with several health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and several cancer types. Moreover, exposure to nicotine during pregnancy has been associated with adverse neurological disorders in babies. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is the most common strategy employed for smoking cessation, but despite its widespread use, NRT presents with low success and adherence rates. This is attributed partially to the rate of nicotine metabolism by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) in each individual. Nicotine addiction is correlated with the high rate of its metabolism, and thus, novel strategies need to be implemented in NRT protocols. Naturally derived products are a cost-efficient and rich source for potential inhibitors, with the main advantages being their abundance and ease of isolation. This systematic review aims to summarize the natural products that have been identified as CYP2A6 inhibitors, validated through in vitro and/or in vivo assays, and could be implemented as nicotine metabolism inhibitors. The scope is to present the different compounds and highlight their possible implementation in NRT strategies. Additionally, this information would provide valuable insight regarding CYP2A6 inhibitors, that can be utilized in drug development via the use of in silico methodologies and machine-learning models to identify new potential lead compounds for optimization and implementation in NRT regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haralampos Tzoupis
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Konstantinos D. Papavasileiou
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics MIKE, 18545 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Stavros Papatzelos
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelos Mavrogiorgis
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Lefteris C. Zacharia
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences and Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, 16672 Vari, Greece;
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus; (H.T.); (K.D.P.); (S.P.); (A.M.)
- Department of ChemInformatics, NovaMechanics MIKE, 18545 Piraeus, Greece
- Division of Data Driven Innovation, Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
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Khawaja G, El-Orfali Y, Shoujaa A, Abou Najem S. Galangin: A Promising Flavonoid for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:963. [PMID: 39065811 PMCID: PMC11279697 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation and damage. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the onset and progression of RA, significantly contributing to the disease's symptoms. The complex nature of RA and the role of oxidative stress make it particularly challenging to treat effectively. This article presents a comprehensive review of RA's development, progression, and the emergence of novel treatments, introducing Galangin (GAL), a natural flavonoid compound sourced from various plants, as a promising candidate. The bioactive properties of GAL, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, are discussed in detail. The review elucidates GAL's mechanisms of action, focusing on its interactions with key targets such as inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), enzymes (e.g., SOD, MMPs), and signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, MAPK), which impact inflammatory responses, immune cell activation, and joint damage. The review also addresses the lack of comprehensive understanding of potential treatment options for RA, particularly in relation to the role of GAL as a therapeutic candidate. It highlights the need for further research and clinical studies to ascertain the effectiveness of GAL in RA treatment and to elucidate its mechanisms of action. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of GAL as a therapeutic option for RA, shedding light on its multifaceted pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action, while suggesting avenues for future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Youmna El-Orfali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Aya Shoujaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Sonia Abou Najem
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25026, United Arab Emirates;
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3
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Yamazoe Y, Yamamura Y, Yoshinari K. Construction of a fused grid-based CYP2C8-Template system and the application. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 55:100492. [PMID: 38609777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A ligand-accessible space in the CYP2C8 active site was reconstituted as a fused grid-based Template∗ with the use of structural data of the ligands. An evaluation system of CYP2C8-mediated metabolism has been developed on Template with the introduction of the idea of Trigger-residue initiated ligand-movement and fastening. Reciprocal comparison of the data of simulation on Template with experimental results suggested a unified way of the interaction of CYP2C8 and its ligands through the simultaneous plural-contact with Rear-wall of Template. CYP2C8 was expected to have a room for ligands between vertically standing parallel walls termed Facial-wall and Rear-wall. Both the walls were separated by a distance corresponding to 1.5-Ring (grid) diameter size, which was termed Width-gauge. The ligand sittings were stabilized through contacts with Facial-wall and the left-side borders of Template including specific Position 29, left-side border of Rings I/J, or Left-end, after Trigger-residue initiated ligand-movement. Trigger-residue movement is suggested to force ligands to stay firmly in the active site and then to initiate CYP2C8 reactions. Simulation experiments for over 350 reactions of CYP2C8 ligands supported the system established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yamazoe
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Yamamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Non-Clinical Regulatory Science, Applied Research & Operations, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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4
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Jan KC, Gavahian M. Hydroxylated Tetramethoxyflavone Affects Intestinal Cell Permeability and Inhibits Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Molecules 2024; 29:322. [PMID: 38257234 PMCID: PMC10820070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetramethoxyflavones (TMFs) found in the Citrus genus have garnered considerable interest from food scientists and the health food industry because of their promising biological properties. Nonetheless, there are currently limited data available regarding the effectiveness and bioavailability of "hydroxylated TMFs", which are flavones known for their potential in disease prevention through dietary means. This study aims to provide insights into the chemical and biological properties of hydroxylated TMF and evaluates its effects on intestinal cell permeability and cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and microsomes analyze the TMFs and hydroxylated TMFs, elucidating cell penetration and metabolic inhibition potential. 3H7-TMF shows the fastest (1-h) transport efficiency in intestinal cells. The Caco-2 cell model exhibits significant transport and absorption efficiency. Dissolved hydroxyl-TMF with hydrophilicity possibly permeates the gut. 3H7-TMF has higher transport efficiency (46%) 3H6-TMF (39%). IC50 values of TMFs (78-TMF, 57-TMF, 3H7-TMF, 3H6-TMF) against CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4) range from 0.15 to 108 μM, indicating potent inhibition. Hydroxyl groups enhance TMF hydrophilicity and membrane permeability. TMFs display varied inhibitory effects due to hydroxyl and methoxy hindrance. This study underscores the strong CYP inhibitory capabilities in these TMFs, implying potential food-drug interactions if used in medicines or supplements. These findings can also help with food nutrition improvement and pharma food developments through innovative approaches for Citrus waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Xuefu Rd, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
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Dai Z, Wu Y, Xiong Y, Wu J, Wang M, Sun X, Ding X, Yang L, Sun X, Ge G. CYP1A inhibitors: Recent progress, current challenges, and future perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:169-234. [PMID: 37337403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) are key phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that play a distinctive role in metabolic activation or metabolic clearance of a variety of procarcinogens, drugs, and endogenous substances. Human CYP1A subfamily contains two members (hCYP1A1 and hCYP1A2), which are known to catalyze the oxidative activation of some environmental procarcinogens into carcinogenic species. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that CYP1A inhibitor therapies are promising strategies for cancer chemoprevention or overcoming CYP1A-associated drug toxicity and resistance. Herein, we reviewed recent advances in the discovery and characterization of hCYP1A inhibitors, from the discovery approaches to structural features and biomedical applications of hCYP1A inhibitors. The inhibition potentials, inhibition modes, and inhibition constants of all reported hCYP1A inhibitors are comprehensively summarized. Meanwhile, the structural features and structure-activity relationships of different classes of hCYP1A1 and hCYP1A2 inhibitors are analyzed and discussed in depth. Furthermore, the major challenges and future directions for this field are presented and highlighted. Collectively, the information and knowledge presented here will strongly facilitate the researchers to discover and develop more efficacious CYP1A inhibitors for specific purposes, such as chemo-preventive agents or as tool molecules in hCYP1A-related fundamental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Dai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, America
| | - Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang F, Yan Y, Zhang LM, Li DX, Li L, Lian WW, Xia CY, He J, Xu JK, Zhang WK. Pharmacological activities and therapeutic potential of galangin, a promising natural flavone, in age-related diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155061. [PMID: 37689035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extension of average life expectancy and the aggravation of population aging have become the inevitable trend of human development. In an aging society, various problems related to medical care for the elderly have become increasingly prominent. However, most of the age-related diseases have the characteristics of multiple diseases at the same time, prone to complications, and atypical clinical manifestations, which bring great difficulties to its treatment. Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a natural active compound extracted from the root of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae). Recently, many studies have shown that galangin has potential advantages in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which are common in the elderly. In addition, it also showed that galangin had prospective activities in the treatment of tumor, diabetes, liver injury, asthma and arthritis. PURPOSE This review aims to systematically summarize and discuss the effects and the underlying mechanism of galangin in the treatment of age-related diseases. METHODS We searched PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science and CNKI literature database resources, combined with the keywords "galangin", "neurodegenerative disease", "tumor", "diabetes", "pharmacological activity", "drug combination", "pharmacokinetics", "drug delivery system" and "safety", and comprehensively reviewed the pharmacological activities and mechanism of galangin in treating age-related diseases. RESULTS According to the previous studies on galangin, the anti-neurodegenerative activity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective activity, anti-tumor activity, anti-diabetes activity, anti-arthritis activity, hepatoprotective activity and antiasthmatic activity of galangin were discussed, and the related mechanisms were classified and summarized in detail. In addition, the drug combination, pharmacokinetics, drug delivery system and safety of galangin were furtherly discussed. CONCLUSIONS This review will provide reference for galangin in the treatment of age-related diseases. Meanwhile, further experimental research and long-term clinical trials are needed to determine the therapeutic safety and efficacy of galangin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin-Mei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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Ai D, Cai H, Wei J, Zhao D, Chen Y, Wang L. DEEPCYPs: A deep learning platform for enhanced cytochrome P450 activity prediction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1099093. [PMID: 37101544 PMCID: PMC10123292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1099093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a superfamily of heme-containing oxidizing enzymes involved in the metabolism of a wide range of medicines, xenobiotics, and endogenous compounds. Five of the CYPs (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4) are responsible for metabolizing the vast majority of approved drugs. Adverse drug-drug interactions, many of which are mediated by CYPs, are one of the important causes for the premature termination of drug development and drug withdrawal from the market. In this work, we reported in silicon classification models to predict the inhibitory activity of molecules against these five CYP isoforms using our recently developed FP-GNN deep learning method. The evaluation results showed that, to the best of our knowledge, the multi-task FP-GNN model achieved the best predictive performance with the highest average AUC (0.905), F1 (0.779), BA (0.819), and MCC (0.647) values for the test sets, even compared to advanced machine learning, deep learning, and existing models. Y-scrambling testing confirmed that the results of the multi-task FP-GNN model were not attributed to chance correlation. Furthermore, the interpretability of the multi-task FP-GNN model enables the discovery of critical structural fragments associated with CYPs inhibition. Finally, an online webserver called DEEPCYPs and its local version software were created based on the optimal multi-task FP-GNN model to detect whether compounds bear potential inhibitory activity against CYPs, thereby promoting the prediction of drug-drug interactions in clinical practice and could be used to rule out inappropriate compounds in the early stages of drug discovery and/or identify new CYPs inhibitors.
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8
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Mitrasinovic PM. On the inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by structurally diversified flavonoids. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9713-9723. [PMID: 34060409 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1932603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is the most versatile enzyme involved in drug metabolism. The time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 by acacetin, apigenin, chrysin, and pinocembrin was experimentally detected, but not entirely elaborated so far. Thus, a two-level QM/MM (Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics) model is developed to yield insights into the receptor-flavonoid recognition at the molecular scale. Active site residues and the flavonoid are modelled using SCC-DFTB-D (QM level), while the rest of the complex is treated using AMBER force field (MM level). QM/MM binding free energies are well correlated with experimental data, indicating the largest inhibitory effect of chrysin on enzyme activity at a submicromolar concentration. Consequently, quercetin (QUE) and flavopiridol (FLP) are observed as representative examples of structurally different flavonoids. The inhibition parameters for QUE and FLP are evaluated using the well-calibrated QM/MM strategy, thereby aiding to quantitatively conceive the functional behavior of the whole family of flavonoids. A kinetic threshold for further assessment of the drug-drug interactions underlying the time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 by flavonoids is explored.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar M Mitrasinovic
- Center for Biophysical and Chemical Research, Belgrade Institute of Science and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Bhatt S, Dhiman S, Kumar V, Gour A, Manhas D, Sharma K, Ojha PK, Nandi U. Assessment of the CYP1A2 Inhibition-Mediated Drug Interaction Potential for Pinocembrin Using In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20321-20331. [PMID: 35721953 PMCID: PMC9202019 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembrin, a bioflavonoid, is extensively used in complementary/alternative medicine. It turns out as a promising candidate against neurodegenerative diseases because of its multifaceted pharmacological action toward neuroprotection. However, literature evidence is still lacking for its inhibitory action on CYP1A2, which is responsible for xenobiotic metabolism leading to the generation of toxic metabolites and bioactivation of procarcinogens. In the present study, our aim was to evaluate the CYP1A2 inhibitory potential of pinocembrin via in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations. From the results of in vitro studies, pinocembrin is found to be a potent and competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation results indicate the potential of pinocembrin to interact with CYP1A2 substrate drugs clinically. Molecular docking-based in silico studies demonstrate the strong interaction of pinocembrin with human CYP1A2. In in vivo investigations using a rat model, pinocembrin displayed a marked alteration in the plasma exposure of CYP1A2 substrate drugs, namely, caffeine and tacrine. In conclusion, pinocembrin has a potent CYP1A2 inhibitory action to cause drug interactions, and further confirmatory study is warranted at the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Bhatt
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumit Dhiman
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics
and Chemoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Gour
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Diksha Manhas
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuhu Sharma
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics
and Chemoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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10
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Hou Q, Liu Y, Xing X, Li S, Li J, Qian W, Yang C, Li H. Effects of the total flavonoid extracts and the monomers of Daphne genkwa on CYP2C8 activity. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:353-359. [PMID: 35621148 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2083531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. This study aimed to assess the effects of total flavonoid extracts (TFDG) and the monomers of Daphne genkwa on the CYP2C8 activity in vitro and in vivo.2. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were used to determine the inhibitory effect of TFDG and its four monomers for the CYP2C8 activity by recombinant human CYP2C8 (RHCYP2C8) yeast microsome system in vitro, and the volume per dose index (VDI) was predicted the potential inhibition in vivo. The effects of multiple-dose administration of TFDG on the pharmacokinetic parameters of rosiglitazone in rats were evaluated.3. The IC50 values of apigenin, luteolin, hydroxy-genkwanin, genkwanin, and TFDG were 7.27μmol/L, 11.9μmol/L, 28.1μmol/L, 127μmol/L, and 13.4μg/mL, respectively. The VDI values of apigenin and TFDG were 2.15L and 6.60L. In vivo study, compared with the control group, the elimination phase half-life and mean residence time in the TFDG treatment group were significantly increased by 96.9% and 106.8% (p < 0.05), respectively.4. Apigenin showed a moderate inhibitory effect on the CYP2C8 activity in vitro, while the other three monomers were weak inhibitors. TFDG had a strong inhibitory effect on CYP2C8 in vitro and in vivo, and also inhibited the metabolism of rosiglitazone in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Hou
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Xing
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Qian
- Nanjing BRT-Biomed Company, Limited, Jiangning District, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanhan Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wu Y, Li M, Guo Y, Liu T, Zhong L, Huang C, Ye C, Liu Q, Ren Z, Wang Y. The Effects of AT-533 and AT-533 gel on Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:345-352. [PMID: 35137361 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES AT-533 is a novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, which exhibits various biological activities in vitro and in vivo. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver are involved in the biotransformation of drugs and considered to be essential indicators of liver toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of AT-533, either as active pharmaceutical ingredient or in gel form, on liver CYP enzymes. METHODS The effect of AT-533 or AT-533 gel on rat liver cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS AT-533 and AT-533 gel did not significantly increase or reduce the enzymatic activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 at any treatment dose. CONCLUSIONS AT-533 and AT-533 gel did not have any effect on CYP activity and may be considered safe for external use in gel form, as an alternative to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghe Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishan Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Whampoa Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cell Biology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cell Biology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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12
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The Reduction of the Combined Effects of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A in Piglet Livers and Kidneys by Dietary Antioxidants. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090648. [PMID: 34564652 PMCID: PMC8472784 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A on protein expression and catalytic activities of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A29 and GSTA1 and the preventive effect of dietary byproduct antioxidants administration against these mycotoxin damage. Three experimental groups (E1, E2, E3) and one control group (C) of piglets after weaning (TOPIGS-40 hybrid) were fed with experimental diets for 30 days. A basal diet containing normal compound feed for starter piglets was used as a control treatment and free of mycotoxin. The experimental groups were fed as follows: E1—basal diet plus a mixture (1:1) of two byproducts (grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal), E2—the basal diet experimentally contaminated with mycotoxins (479 ppb OTA and 62ppb AFB1) and E3—basal diet containing 5% of the mixture (1:1) of grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal and contaminated with the mix of OTA and AFB1. After 4 weeks, the animals were slaughtered, and tissue samples were taken from liver and kidney in order to perform microsomal fraction isolation, followed by protein expression and enzymatic analyses. The protein expressions of CYP2E1 and CYP3A29 were up-regulated in an insignificant manner in liver, whereas in kidney, those of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A29 were down-regulated. The enzymatic activities of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A29 decreased in liver, in a significant manner, whereas in kidney, these increased significantly. The co-presence of the two mycotoxins and the mixture of grape seed and sea buckthorn meal generated a tendency to return to the control values, which suggest that grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal waste represent a promising source in counteracting the harmful effect of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B.
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13
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Suroowan S, Abdallah HH, Mahomoodally MF. Herb-drug interactions and toxicity: Underscoring potential mechanisms and forecasting clinically relevant interactions induced by common phytoconstituents via data mining and computational approaches. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112432. [PMID: 34293424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herbals in the form of medicine are employed extensively around the world. Herbal and conventional medicine combination is a potentially dangerous practice mainly in comorbid, hepato insufficient and frail patients leading to perilous herb-drug interactions (HDI) and toxicity. This study features potential HDI of 15 globally famous plant species through data mining and computational methods. Several plant species were found to mimic warfarin. Phytochemicals from M. charantia induced hypoglycemica. M. chamomila and G. biloba possessed anticoagulant activities. S. hispanica reduces postprandial glycemia. R. officinalis has been reported to inhibit the efflux of anticancer substrates while A. sativum can boost the clearance of anticancer agents. P. ginseng can alter blood coagulation. A cross link of the biological and in silico data revealed that a plethora of herbal metabolites such as ursolic and rosmarinic acid among others are possible/probable inhibitors of specific CYP450 enzymes. Consequently, plant species/metabolites with a given pharmacological property/metabolizing enzyme should not be mixed with drugs having the same pharmacological property/metabolizing enzyme. Even if combined with drugs, herbal medicines must be used at low doses for a short period of time and under the supervision of a healthcare professional to avoid potential adverse and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanoo Suroowan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Hassan Hadi Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbīl, Iraq
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
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14
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Chrysin: Perspectives on Contemporary Status and Future Possibilities as Pro-Health Agent. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062038. [PMID: 34198618 PMCID: PMC8232110 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin belongs to the group of natural polyphenols. It can be found, among others, in honey, propolis and fruits and has a wide range of biological activities, including the prevention of oxidative stress, inflammation, neurodegeneration and carcinogenesis. Being a part of the human diet, chrysin is considered to be a promising compound to be used in the prevention of many diseases, including cancers, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Nevertheless, due to the low solubility of chrysin in water and under physiological conditions, its bioavailability is low. For this reason, attempts at its functionalization have been undertaken, aiming to increase its absorption and thus augment its in vivo therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent research on chrysin, including its sources, metabolism, pro-health effects and the effects of its functionalization on biological activity and pharmacological efficacy, evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.
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15
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Vazhappilly CG, Amararathna M, Cyril AC, Linger R, Matar R, Merheb M, Ramadan WS, Radhakrishnan R, Rupasinghe HPV. Current methodologies to refine bioavailability, delivery, and therapeutic efficacy of plant flavonoids in cancer treatment. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108623. [PMID: 33705948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, several advancements have been made to improve the therapeutic efficacy of plant flavonoids, especially in cancer treatment. Factors such as low bioavailability, poor flavonoid stability and solubility, ineffective targeted delivery, and chemo-resistance hinder the application of flavonoids in anti-cancer therapy. Many anti-cancer compounds failed in the clinical trials because of unexpected altered clearance of flavonoids, poor absorption after administration, low efficacy, and/or adverse effects. Hence, the current research strategies are focused on improving the therapeutic efficacy of plant flavonoids, especially by enhancing their bioavailability through combination therapy, engineering gut microbiota, regulating flavonoids interaction with adenosine triphosphate binding cassette efflux transporters, and efficient delivery using nanocrystal and encapsulation technologies. This review aims to discuss different methodologies with examples from reported dietary flavonoids that showed an enhanced anti-cancer efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models. Further, the review discusses the recent progress in biochemical modifications of flavonoids to improve bioavailability, solubility, and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madumani Amararathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Asha Caroline Cyril
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Rebecca Linger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Charleston, Charleston, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Matar
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Maxime Merheb
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rajan Radhakrishnan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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16
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Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. The Callus of Phaseolus coccineus and Glycine max Biotransform Flavanones into the Corresponding Flavones. Molecules 2020; 25:E5767. [PMID: 33297500 PMCID: PMC7730475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro plant cultures are gaining in industrial importance, especially as biocatalysts and as sources of secondary metabolites used in pharmacy. The idea that guided us in our research was to evaluate the biocatalytic potential of newly obtained callus tissue towards flavonoid compounds. In this publication, we describe new ways of using callus cultures in the biotransformations. In the first method, the callus cultures grown on a solid medium are transferred to the water, the reaction medium into which the substrate is introduced. In the second method, biotransformation is carried out on a solid medium by growing callus cultures. In the course of the research, we have shown that the callus obtained from Phaseolus coccineus and Glycine max is capable of converting flavanone, 5-methoxyflavanone and 6-methoxyflavanone into the corresponding flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dymarska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (T.J.); (E.K.-S.)
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17
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Wang M, Jiang W, Zhou J, Xue X, Yin C. Anemarsaponin BII inhibits the activity of CYP3A4, 2D6, and 2E1 with human liver microsomes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1064-1069. [PMID: 33103940 PMCID: PMC7592892 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1835996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anemarsaponin BII is one of the most active saponins isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Asparagaceae), a commonly used Chinese traditional paediatric medicine. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of anemarsaponin BII on the activity of CYP450s to provide more guidance for the clinical use of anemarsaponin BII. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using various diagnostic substrates, the effects of a fixed concentration of anemarsaponin BII (100 μM) on the activity of eight main isoforms of CYP450s (CYP1A2, 2A6, 3A4, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1) was first studied with pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). Then, dose-dependent (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM anemarsaponin BII) and time-dependent (0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min) experiments were performed to obtain corresponding kinetic parameters. RESULTS Anemarsaponin BII showed significant inhibitory effects on the activity of CYP3A4, 2D6 and 2E1 with the IC50 values of 13.67, 16.26 and 19.72 μM. Anemarsaponin BII acted as a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 with the KI value of 6.72 μM and competitive inhibitors of CYP2D6 and 2E1 with the KI values of 8.26 and 9.82 μM, respectively. Additionally, the inhibition of CYP3A4 was revealed to be time-dependent with the KI value of 4.88 μM and the Kinact value of 0.053/min. CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effect of anemarsaponin BII on the activity of CYP3A4, 2D6 and 2E1 indicated the potential drug-drug interaction between anemarsaponin BII and drugs metabolized by these CYP450s. Further in vivo experiments are needed to validate the potential drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
- CONTACT Mingwei Wang Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang262500, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Xiujuan Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Changlong Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
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18
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Fliszár-Nyúl E, Mohos V, Csepregi R, Mladěnka P, Poór M. Inhibitory effects of polyphenols and their colonic metabolites on CYP2D6 enzyme using two different substrates. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110732. [PMID: 32942157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (including flavonoids, chalcones, phenolic acids, and furanocoumarins) represent a common part of our diet, but are also the active ingredients of several dietary supplements and/or medications. These compounds undergo extensive metabolism by human biotransformation enzymes and the microbial flora of the colon. CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes approximately 25% of the drugs, some of which has narrow therapeutic window. Therefore, its inhibition can lead to the development of pharmacokinetic interactions and the disruption of drug therapy. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 17 plant-derived compounds and 19 colonic flavonoid metabolites on CYP2D6 were examined, employing two assays with different test substrates. The O-demethylation of dextromethorphan was tested employing CypExpress 2D6 kit coupled to HPLC analysis; while the O-demethylation of another CYP2D6 specific substrate (AMMC) was investigated in a plate reader assay with BioVision Fluorometric CYP2D6 kit. Interestingly, some compounds (e.g., bergamottin) inhibited both dextromethorphan and AMMC demethylation; however, certain substances proved to be inhibitors only in one of the assays applied. Our results demonstrate that some polyphenols and colonic metabolites are inhibitors of CYP2D6-catalyzed reactions. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effects showed strong substrate dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Rita Csepregi
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
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19
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Amararathna M, Hoskin DW, Rupasinghe HPV. Cyanidin-3- O-Glucoside-Rich Haskap Berry Administration Suppresses Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis in A/JCr Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:E3823. [PMID: 32842605 PMCID: PMC7503524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we demonstrated that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)-rich haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) berry extracts can attenuate the carcinogen-induced DNA damage in normal lung epithelial cells in vitro. Here, the efficacy of lyophilized powder of whole haskap berry (C3G-HB) in lowering tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/JCr mice was investigated. Three weeks after daily oral administration of C3G-HB (6 mg of C3G in 0.2 g of C3G-HB/mouse/day), lung tumors were initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of NNK. Dietary C3G-HB supplementation was continued, and 22 weeks later, mice were euthanized. Lung tumors were visualized through positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 19 weeks after NNK injection. Dietary supplementation of C3G-HB significantly reduced the NNK-induced lung tumor multiplicity and tumor area but did not affect tumor incidence. Immunohistochemical analysis showed reduced expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in lung tissues. Therefore, C3G-HB has the potential to reduce the lung tumorigenesis, and to be used as a source for developing dietary supplements or nutraceuticals for reducing the risk of lung cancer among high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madumani Amararathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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20
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Inhibitory Effects of Quercetin and Its Main Methyl, Sulfate, and Glucuronic Acid Conjugates on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, and on OATP, BCRP and MRP2 Transporters. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082306. [PMID: 32751996 PMCID: PMC7468908 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid, its glycosides and aglycone are found in significant amounts in several plants and dietary supplements. Because of the high presystemic biotransformation of quercetin, mainly its conjugates appear in circulation. As has been reported in previous studies, quercetin can interact with several proteins of pharmacokinetic importance. However, the interactions of its metabolites with biotransformation enzymes and drug transporters have barely been examined. In this study, the inhibitory effects of quercetin and its most relevant methyl, sulfate, and glucuronide metabolites were tested on cytochrome P450 (CYP) (2C19, 3A4, and 2D6) enzymes as well as on organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) (OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Binding Cassette (ABC) (BCRP and MRP2) transporters. Quercetin and its metabolites (quercetin-3'-sulfate, quercetin-3-glucuronide, isorhamnetin, and isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide) showed weak inhibitory effects on CYP2C19 and 3A4, while they did not affect CYP2D6 activity. Some of the flavonoids caused weak inhibition of OATP1A2 and MRP2. However, most of the compounds tested proved to be strong inhibitors of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and BCRP. Our data demonstrate that not only quercetin but some of its conjugates, can also interact with CYP enzymes and drug transporters. Therefore, high intake of quercetin may interfere with the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
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21
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Mohos V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Ungvári O, Bakos É, Kuffa K, Bencsik T, Zsidó BZ, Hetényi C, Telbisz Á, Özvegy-Laczka C, Poór M. Effects of Chrysin and Its Major Conjugated Metabolites Chrysin-7-Sulfate and Chrysin-7-Glucuronide on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and on OATP, P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2 Transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1064-1073. [PMID: 32661014 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is an abundant flavonoid in nature, and it is also contained by several dietary supplements. Chrysin is highly biotransformed in the body, during which conjugated metabolites chrysin-7-sulfate and chrysin-7-glucuronide are formed. These conjugates appear at considerably higher concentrations in the circulation than the parent compound. Based on previous studies, chrysin can interact with biotransformation enzymes and transporters; however, the interactions of its metabolites have been barely examined. In this in vitro study, the effects of chrysin, chrysin-7-sulfate, and chrysin-7-glucuronide on cytochrome P450 enzymes (2C9, 2C19, 3A4, and 2D6) as well as on organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs; 1A2, 1B1, 1B3, and 2B1) and ATP binding cassette [P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] transporters were investigated. Our observations revealed that chrysin conjugates are strong inhibitors of certain biotransformation enzymes (e.g., CYP2C9) and transporters (e.g., OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and BCRP) examined. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of chrysin-containing dietary supplements with medications needs to be carefully considered due to the possible development of pharmacokinetic interactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Chrysin-7-sulfate and chrysin-7-glucuronide are the major metabolites of flavonoid chrysin. In this study, we examined the effects of chrysin and its conjugates on cytochrome P450 enzymes and on organic anion-transporting polypeptides and ATP binding cassette transporters (P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2). Our results demonstrate that chrysin and/or its conjugates can significantly inhibit some of these proteins. Since chrysin is also contained by dietary supplements, high intake of chrysin may interrupt the transport and/or the biotransformation of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kuffa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Telbisz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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