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Imamura K, Yokogawa D, Sato H. Recent developments and applications of reference interaction site model self-consistent field with constrained spatial electron density (RISM-SCF-cSED): A hybrid model of quantum chemistry and integral equation theory of molecular liquids. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:050901. [PMID: 38341702 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The significance of solvent effects in electronic structure calculations has long been noted, and various methods have been developed to consider this effect. The reference interaction site model self-consistent field with constrained spatial electron density (RISM-SCF-cSED) is a hybrid model that combines the integral equation theory of molecular liquids with quantum chemistry. This method can consider the statistically convergent solvent distribution at a significantly lower cost than molecular dynamics simulations. Because the RISM theory explicitly considers the solvent structure, it performs well for systems where hydrogen bonds are formed between the solute and solvent molecules, which is a challenge for continuum solvent models. Taking advantage of being founded on the variational principle, theoretical developments have been made in calculating various properties and incorporating electron correlation effects. In this review, we organize the theoretical aspects of RISM-SCF-cSED and its distinctions from other hybrid methods involving integral equation theories. Furthermore, we carefully present its progress in terms of theoretical developments and recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Imamura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Arimitsu S. Syntheses and Synthetic Applications of Functionalized Propargylic and Allylic Fluorides. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300021. [PMID: 36912721 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
This account presents the synthesis and application of propargylic and allylic fluorides containing hydroxy or carbonyl functional groups. In particular, the Barbier-type reaction of difluoropropargyl bromides with aldehydes or chloroformates provides versatile propargylic fluorides, and the organocatalytic fluorination of dienamine intermediates has been demonstrated as an effective method to obtain allylic fluorides stereoselectively. Additionally, mechanistic insights into such reactions are discussed with the aid of density functional theory calculations. The report also describes the preparation of fluorinated 1,7-diyne or 1,7-enyne derivatives of these compounds. These propargylic and allylic fluorides can be used as building blocks for fluorinated heterocycles, such as fluorinated furans, tetrahydrofurans, and lactams. Additionally, fluorinated bi- or tri-heterocyclic compounds can be synthesized via transition-metal-catalyzed reactions with fluorinated 1,7-diyne or 1,7-enyne derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Arimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nagagami, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Vera S, Landa A, Mielgo A, Ganboa I, Oiarbide M, Soloshonok V. Catalytic Asymmetric α-Functionalization of α-Branched Aldehydes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062694. [PMID: 36985666 PMCID: PMC10056299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes constitute a main class of organic compounds widely applied in synthesis. As such, catalyst-controlled enantioselective α-functionalization of aldehydes has attracted great interest over the years. In this context, α-branched aldehydes are especially challenging substrates because of reactivity and selectivity issues. Firstly, the transient trisubstituted enamines and enolates resulting upon treatment with an aminocatalyst or a base, respectively, would exhibit attenuated reactivity; secondly, mixtures of E- and Z-configured enamines/enolates may be formed; and third, effective face-discrimination on such trisubstituted sp2 carbon intermediates by the incoming electrophilic reagent is not trivial. Despite these issues, in the last 15 years, several catalytic approaches for the α-functionalization of prostereogenic α-branched aldehydes that proceed in useful yields and diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been uncovered. Developments include both organocatalytic and metal-catalyzed approaches as well as dual catalysis strategies for forging new carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom (C-O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, …) bond formation at Cα of the starting aldehyde. In this review, some key early contributions to the field are presented, but focus is on the most recent methods, mainly covering the literature from year 2014 onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vera
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Landa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antonia Mielgo
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Iñaki Ganboa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Oiarbide
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Vadim Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Molecular Structure Modulated Trap Distribution and Carrier Migration in Fluorinated Epoxy Resin. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133071. [PMID: 32640527 PMCID: PMC7412268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface charge accumulation on epoxy insulators is one of the most serious problems threatening the operation safety of the direct current gas-insulated transmission line (GIL), and can be efficiently inhibited by the surface modification technology. This paper investigated the mechanisms of fluorination modulated surface charge behaviors of epoxy resin through quantum chemical calculation (QCC) analysis of the molecular structure. The results show that after fluorination, the surface charge dissipation process of the epoxy sample is accelerated by the introduced shallow trap sites, which is further clarified by the carrier mobility model. The electron distribution probability of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) under positive charging and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) under negative charging shows distinctive patterns. It is illustrated that electrons are likely to aggregate locally around benzenes for the positively charged molecular structure, while electrons tend to distribute all along the epoxy chain under negatively charging. The calculated results verify that fluorination can modulate surface charge behaviors of epoxy resin through redesigning its molecular structure, trap distribution and charging patterns.
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Improvement of primary-amine-catalyzed asymmetric α-benzoyloxylation of α-branched enals by a synergistic effect of water and sulfonic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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