1
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Bradley SA, Hansson FG, Lehka BJ, Rago D, Pinho P, Peng H, Adhikari KB, Haidar AK, Hansen LG, Volkova D, Holtz M, Muyo Abad S, Ma X, Koudounas K, Besseau S, Gautron N, Mélin C, Marc J, Birer Williams C, Courdavault V, Jensen ED, Keasling JD, Zhang J, Jensen MK. Yeast Platforms for Production and Screening of Bioactive Derivatives of Rauwolscine. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1498-1512. [PMID: 38635307 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) make up a highly bioactive class of metabolites produced by a range of tropical and subtropical plants. The corynanthe-type MIAs are a stereochemically complex subclass with therapeutic potential against a large number of indications including cancer, psychotic disorders, and erectile dysfunction. Here, we report yeast-based cell factories capable of de novo production of corynanthe-type MIAs rauwolscine, yohimbine, tetrahydroalstonine, and corynanthine. From this, we demonstrate regioselective biosynthesis of 4 fluorinated derivatives of these compounds and de novo biosynthesis of 7-chlororauwolscine by coexpression of a halogenase with the biosynthetic pathway. Finally, we capitalize on the ability of these cell factories to produce derivatives of these bioactive scaffolds to establish a proof-of-principle drug discovery pipeline in which the corynanthe-type MIAs are screened for bioactivity on human drug targets, expressed in yeast. In doing so, we identify antagonistic and agonistic behavior against the human adrenergic G protein-coupled receptors ADRA2A and ADRA2B, and the serotonergic receptor 5HT4b, respectively. This study thus demonstrates a proto-drug discovery pipeline for bioactive plant-inspired small molecules based on one-pot biocatalysis of natural and new-to-nature corynanthe-type MIAs in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Bradley
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik G Hansson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beata J Lehka
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniela Rago
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huadong Peng
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ahmad K Haidar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lea G Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomia ApS, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daria Volkova
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maxence Holtz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sergi Muyo Abad
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xin Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Gautron
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Céline Mélin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Jillian Marc
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Caroline Birer Williams
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Emil D Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608,United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomia ApS, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael K Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomia ApS, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Shen C, Wang Y. Recent Progress on Peroxidase Modification and Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04835-w. [PMID: 38180646 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Peroxdiase is one of the member of oxireductase super family, which has a broad substrate range and a variety of reaction types, including hydroxylation, epoxidation or halogenation of unactivated C-H bonds, and aromatic group or biophenol compounds. Here, we summarized the recently discovered enzymes with peroxidation activity, and focused on the special structures, sites, and corresponding strategies that can change the peroxidase catalytic activity, stability, and substrate range. The comparison of the structural differences between these natural enzymes and the mimic enzymes of binding nanomaterials and polymer materials is helpful to expand the application of peroxidase in industry. In addition, we also reviewed the catalytic application of peroxidase in the synthesis of important organic molecules and the degradation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Yongfa Wang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
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Bradley SA, Lehka BJ, Hansson FG, Adhikari KB, Rago D, Rubaszka P, Haidar AK, Chen L, Hansen LG, Gudich O, Giannakou K, Lengger B, Gill RT, Nakamura Y, de Bernonville TD, Koudounas K, Romero-Suarez D, Ding L, Qiao Y, Frimurer TM, Petersen AA, Besseau S, Kumar S, Gautron N, Melin C, Marc J, Jeanneau R, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V, Keasling JD, Zhang J, Jensen MK. Biosynthesis of natural and halogenated plant monoterpene indole alkaloids in yeast. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1551-1560. [PMID: 37932529 PMCID: PMC10667104 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) represent a large class of plant natural products with marketed pharmaceutical activities against a wide range of indications, including cancer, malaria and hypertension. Halogenated MIAs have shown improved pharmaceutical properties; however, synthesis of new-to-nature halogenated MIAs remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a platform for de novo biosynthesis of two MIAs, serpentine and alstonine, in baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and deploy it to systematically explore the biocatalytic potential of refactored MIA pathways for the production of halogenated MIAs. From this, we demonstrate conversion of individual haloindole derivatives to a total of 19 different new-to-nature haloserpentine and haloalstonine analogs. Furthermore, by process optimization and heterologous expression of a modified halogenase in the microbial MIA platform, we document de novo halogenation and biosynthesis of chloroalstonine. Together, this study highlights a microbial platform for enzymatic exploration and production of complex natural and new-to-nature MIAs with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Bradley
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beata J Lehka
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik G Hansson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniela Rago
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paulina Rubaszka
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ahmad K Haidar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ling Chen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lea G Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olga Gudich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Konstantina Giannakou
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bettina Lengger
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ryan T Gill
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - David Romero-Suarez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yijun Qiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja A Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Gautron
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Celine Melin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jillian Marc
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Michael K Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Magwaza NM, More GK, Gildenhuys S, Mphahlele MJ. In Vitro α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition, Cytotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenging Profiling of the 6-Halogeno and Mixed 6,8-Dihalogenated 2-Aryl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinazoline 3-Oxides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1971. [PMID: 38001824 PMCID: PMC10669220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Series of the 6-bromo/iodo substituted 2-aryl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinazoline-3-oxides and their mixed 6,8-dihalogenated (Br/I and I/Br) derivatives were evaluated for inhibitory properties against α-glucosidase and/or α-amylase activities and for cytotoxicity against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines. The 6-bromo-2-phenyl substituted 3a and its corresponding 6-bromo-8-iodo-2-phenyl-substituted derivative 3i exhibited dual activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.08 ± 0.02 μM and 1.01 ± 0.05 μM, respectively) and α-amylase (IC50 = 5.33 ± 0.01 μM and 1.18 ± 0.06 μM, respectively) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 4.40 ± 0.05 μM and 2.92 ± 0.02 μM, respectively). The 6-iodo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-substituted derivative 3f, on the other hand, exhibited strong activity against α-amylase and significant inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.64 ± 0.01 μM and 9.27 ± 0.02 μM, respectively. Compounds 3c, 3l and 3p exhibited the highest activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 1.04 ± 0.03, 0.92 ± 0.01 and 0.78 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. Moderate cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and A549 cell lines was observed for these compounds compared to the anticancer drugs doxorubicin (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.05 μM and 0.36 ± 0.07 μM, respectively) and gefitinib (IC50 = 0.19 ± 0.04 μM and 0.25 ± 0.03 μM, respectively), and their IC50 values are in the range of 10.38 ± 0.08-25.48 ± 0.08 μM and 11.39 ± 0.12-20.00 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. The test compounds generally exhibited moderate to strong antioxidant capabilities, as demonstrated via robust free radical scavenging activity assays, viz., DPPH and NO. The potential of selected derivatives to inhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also investigated via enzymatic assay in vitro. Molecular docking revealed the N-O moiety as essential to facilitate electrostatic interactions of the test compounds with the protein residues in the active site of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The presence of bromine and/or iodine atoms resulted in increased hydrophobic (alkyl and/or π-alkyl) interactions and therefore increased inhibitory effect against both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontokozo M. Magwaza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Garland K. More
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Samantha Gildenhuys
- Department of Life & Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Malose J. Mphahlele
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
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5
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Nanjo T, Matsumoto A, Oshita T, Takemoto Y. Synthesis of Chlorinated Oligopeptides via γ- and δ-Selective Hydrogen Atom Transfer Enabled by the N-Chloropeptide Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19067-19075. [PMID: 37594470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of a chlorine atom could potentially endow peptide derivatives with notable bioactivity and applicability. However, despite considerable recent progress in C(sp3)-H functionalization chemistry, a general method for the site-selective chlorination of inert aliphatic C-H bonds in peptides still remains elusive. Herein, we report a site-selective C(sp3)-H chlorination of oligopeptides based on an N-chloropeptide strategy. N-chloropeptides, which are easily prepared from the corresponding native oligopeptides, are smoothly degraded in the presence of an appropriate copper catalyst, and a subsequent 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer affords γ- or δ-chlorinated peptides in excellent yield. A wide variety of amino acid residues can thus be site-selectively chlorinated in a predictable manner. This method hence enables the efficient synthesis of otherwise less accessible, chlorine-containing peptide fragments of natural peptides. We moreover demonstrate here the successful estimation of the stereochemistry of the chlorinated carbon atom in aquimarin A. Furthermore, we reveal that side-chain-chlorinated peptides can serve as highly useful substructures with a fine balance between stability and reactivity, which renders them promising targets for synthetic and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuma Oshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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6
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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7
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Li EHY, Sana B, Ho T, Ke D, Ghadessy FJ, Duong HA, Seayad J. Indole and azaindole halogenation catalyzed by the RebH enzyme variant 3-LSR utilizing co-purified E. coli reductase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1032707. [PMID: 36588932 PMCID: PMC9801302 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1032707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic C-H halogenation is becoming increasingly attractive due to excellent catalyst-controlled selectivity and environmentally benign reaction conditions. Significant efforts have been made on enzymatic halogenation of industrial arenes in a cost-effective manner. Here we report an unprecedented enzymatic halogenation of a panel of industrially important indole, azaindole and anthranilamide derivatives using a thermostable RebH variant without addition of any external flavin reductase enzyme. The reactions were catalyzed by the RebH variant 3-LSR enzyme with the help of a co-purified E. coli reductase identified as alkyl hydroperoxide reductase F (AhpF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Hui Yen Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barindra Sana
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Ho
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ding Ke
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farid J. Ghadessy
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Farid J. Ghadessy, ; Hung A. Duong, ; Jayasree Seayad,
| | - Hung A. Duong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Farid J. Ghadessy, ; Hung A. Duong, ; Jayasree Seayad,
| | - Jayasree Seayad
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Farid J. Ghadessy, ; Hung A. Duong, ; Jayasree Seayad,
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8
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Synthesis, Anticancer Potential and Comprehensive Toxicity Studies of Novel Brominated Derivatives of Bacterial Biopigment Prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123729. [PMID: 35744855 PMCID: PMC9227013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosins (prodiginines) are a class of bacterial secondary metabolites with remarkable biological activities and color. In this study, optimized production, purification, and characterization of prodigiosin (PG) from easily accessible Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 strain has been achieved to levels of 14 mg/L of culture within 24 h. Furthermore, environmentally friendly bromination of produced PG was used to afford both novel mono- and dibrominated derivatives of PG. PG and its Br derivatives showed anticancer potential with IC50 values range 0.62–17.00 µg/mL for all tested cancer cell lines and induction of apoptosis but low selectivity against healthy cell lines. All compounds did not affect Caenorhabditiselegans at concentrations up to 50 µg/mL. However, an improved toxicity profile of Br derivatives in comparison to parent PG was observed in vivo using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system, when 10 µg/mL applied at 6 h post fertilization caused death rate of 100%, 30% and 0% by PG, PG-Br, and PG-Br2, respectively, which is a significant finding for further structural optimizations of bacterial prodigiosins. The drug-likeness of PG and its Br derivatives was examined, and the novel Br derivatives obey the Lipinski’s “rule of five”, with an exemption of being more lipophilic than PG, which still makes them good targets for further structural optimization.
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9
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Kittilä T, Calero P, Fredslund F, Lowe PT, Tezé D, Nieto-Domínguez M, O'Hagan D, Nikel PI, Welner DH. Oligomerization engineering of the fluorinase enzyme leads to an active trimer that supports synthesis of fluorometabolites in vitro. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1622-1632. [PMID: 35084776 PMCID: PMC9049626 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorinase enzyme represents the only biological mechanism capable of forming stable C–F bonds characterized in nature thus far, offering a biotechnological route to the biosynthesis of value‐added organofluorines. The fluorinase is known to operate in a hexameric form, but the consequence(s) of the oligomerization status on the enzyme activity and its catalytic properties remain largely unknown. In this work, this aspect was explored by rationally engineering trimeric fluorinase variants that retained the same catalytic rate as the wild‐type enzyme. These results ruled out hexamerization as a requisite for the fluorination activity. The Michaelis constant (KM) for S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine, one of the substrates of the fluorinase, increased by two orders of magnitude upon hexamer disruption. Such a shift in S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine affinity points to a long‐range effect of hexamerization on substrate binding – likely decreasing substrate dissociation and release from the active site. A practical application of trimeric fluorinase is illustrated by establishing in vitro fluorometabolite synthesis in a bacterial cell‐free system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kittilä
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Patricia Calero
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Phillip T Lowe
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David Tezé
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Ditte H Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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10
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Wackett LP. Nothing lasts forever: understanding microbial biodegradation of polyfluorinated compounds and perfluorinated alkyl substances. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:773-792. [PMID: 34570953 PMCID: PMC8913905 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly‐ and perfluorinated chemicals, including perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), are pervasive in today’s society, with a negative impact on human and ecosystem health continually emerging. These chemicals are now subject to strict government regulations, leading to costly environmental remediation efforts. Commercial polyfluorinated compounds have been called ‘forever chemicals’ due to their strong resistance to biological and chemical degradation. Environmental cleanup by bioremediation is not considered practical currently. Implementation of bioremediation will require uncovering and understanding the rare microbial successes in degrading these compounds. This review discusses the underlying reasons why microbial degradation of heavily fluorinated compounds is rare. Fluorinated and chlorinated compounds are very different with respect to chemistry and microbial physiology. Moreover, the end product of biodegradation, fluoride, is much more toxic than chloride. It is imperative to understand these limitations, and elucidate physiological mechanisms of defluorination, in order to better discover, study, and engineer bacteria that can efficiently degrade polyfluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Wackett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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11
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Hall M. Enzymatic strategies for asymmetric synthesis. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:958-989. [PMID: 34458820 PMCID: PMC8341948 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes, at the turn of the 21st century, are gaining a momentum. Especially in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, a broad variety of biocatalysts are being applied in an increasing number of processes running at up to industrial scale. In addition to the advantages of employing enzymes under environmentally friendly reaction conditions, synthetic chemists are recognizing the value of enzymes connected to the exquisite selectivity of these natural (or engineered) catalysts. The use of hydrolases in enantioselective protocols paved the way to the application of enzymes in asymmetric synthesis, in particular in the context of biocatalytic (dynamic) kinetic resolutions. After two decades of impressive development, the field is now mature to propose a panel of catalytically diverse enzymes for (i) stereoselective reactions with prochiral compounds, such as double bond reduction and bond forming reactions, (ii) formal enantioselective replacement of one of two enantiotopic groups of prochiral substrates, as well as (iii) atroposelective reactions with noncentrally chiral compounds. In this review, the major enzymatic strategies broadly applicable in the asymmetric synthesis of optically pure chiral compounds are presented, with a focus on the reactions developed within the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Hall
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz Austria
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12
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Moriyama K, Kuramochi M, Tsuzuki S, Fujii K, Morita T. Nitroxyl Catalysts for Six-Membered Ring Bromolactonization and Intermolecular Bromoesterification of Alkenes with Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:268-273. [PMID: 33300800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a nitroxyl-catalyzed bromoesterification of alkenes with bromo reagents, which includes a six-membered ring bromolactonization of alkenyl carboxylic acids catalyzed by AZADO as the nitroxyl radical catalyst, and an intermolecular bromoesterification of alkenes with carboxylic acids using NMO as the N-oxide catalyst. We also accomplished a remote diastereoselective bromohydroxylation via an AZADO-catalyzed six-membered ring bromolactonization and a subsequent ring cleavage reaction with alkylamines to furnish ε-bromo-δ-hydroxy amides with high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Soft Molecular Activation Research Center, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masako Kuramochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Soft Molecular Activation Research Center, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Research Initiative of Computational Sciences (RICS), Nanosystem Research Institute (NRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Soft Molecular Activation Research Center, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Soft Molecular Activation Research Center, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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13
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Han J, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Li S. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce plant benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:264-275. [PMID: 34377581 PMCID: PMC8286646 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a diverse family of plant natural products with extensive pharmacological properties, but the yield of BIAs from plant is limited. The understanding of BIA biosynthetic mechanism in plant and the development of synthetic biology enable the possibility to produce BIAs through microbial fermentation, as an alternative to agriculture-based supply chains. In this review, we discussed the engineering strategies to synthesize BIAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and improve BIA production level, including heterologous pathway reconstruction, enzyme engineering, expression regulation, host engineering and fermentation engineering. We also highlight recent metabolic engineering advances in the production of BIAs in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Han
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 230A Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Yinan Wu
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 230A Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Yilun Zhou
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 230A Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Sijin Li
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 230A Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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14
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Kannan N, Patil AR, Sinha A. Direct C-H bond halogenation and pseudohalogenation of hydrocarbons mediated by high-valent 3d metal-oxo species. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14344-14360. [PMID: 33057538 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Late-stage direct functionalization of the C-H bond is synthetically desirable. Metalloenzymes having metal-oxo active sites are well known to selectively catalyze hydroxylation and halogenation reactions with high efficiency. This review highlights the recent developments in the field of direct C-H halogenation and pseudohalogenation reactions catalyzed by the functional models of metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neppoliyan Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Akshay R Patil
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arup Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Bradley SA, Zhang J, Jensen MK. Deploying Microbial Synthesis for Halogenating and Diversifying Medicinal Alkaloid Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:594126. [PMID: 33195162 PMCID: PMC7644825 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.594126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce some of the most potent therapeutics and have been used for thousands of years to treat human diseases. Today, many medicinal natural products are still extracted from source plants at scale as their complexity precludes total synthesis from bulk chemicals. However, extraction from plants can be an unreliable and low-yielding source for human therapeutics, making the supply chain for some of these life-saving medicines expensive and unstable. There has therefore been significant interest in refactoring these plant pathways in genetically tractable microbes, which grow more reliably and where the plant pathways can be more easily engineered to improve the titer, rate and yield of medicinal natural products. In addition, refactoring plant biosynthetic pathways in microbes also offers the possibility to explore new-to-nature chemistry more systematically, and thereby help expand the chemical space that can be probed for drugs as well as enable the study of pharmacological properties of such new-to-nature chemistry. This perspective will review the recent progress toward heterologous production of plant medicinal alkaloids in microbial systems. In particular, we focus on the refactoring of halogenated alkaloids in yeast, which has created an unprecedented opportunity for biosynthesis of previously inaccessible new-to-nature variants of the natural alkaloid scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Bradley
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael K Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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Calero P, Volke DC, Lowe PT, Gotfredsen CH, O'Hagan D, Nikel PI. A fluoride-responsive genetic circuit enables in vivo biofluorination in engineered Pseudomonas putida. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5045. [PMID: 33028813 PMCID: PMC7541441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine is a key element in the synthesis of molecules broadly used in medicine, agriculture and materials. Addition of fluorine to organic structures represents a unique strategy for tuning molecular properties, yet this atom is rarely found in Nature and approaches to integrate fluorometabolites into the biochemistry of living cells are scarce. In this work, synthetic gene circuits for organofluorine biosynthesis are implemented in the platform bacterium Pseudomonas putida. By harnessing fluoride-responsive riboswitches and the orthogonal T7 RNA polymerase, biochemical reactions needed for in vivo biofluorination are wired to the presence of fluoride (i.e. circumventing the need of feeding expensive additives). Biosynthesis of fluoronucleotides and fluorosugars in engineered P. putida is demonstrated with mineral fluoride both as only fluorine source (i.e. substrate of the pathway) and as inducer of the synthetic circuit. This approach expands the chemical landscape of cell factories by providing alternative biosynthetic strategies towards fluorinated building-blocks. Addition of fluorine to organic structures is a unique strategy for tuning molecular properties, but approaches to integrate fluorometabolites into the biochemistry of living cells are scarce. Here, the authors develop a fluoride-responsive genetic circuit to enable in vivo biofluorination in engineered Pseudomonas putida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Calero
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel C Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Phillip T Lowe
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9ST St, Andrews, UK
| | | | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9ST St, Andrews, UK
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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17
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Guirimand G, Kulagina N, Papon N, Hasunuma T, Courdavault V. Innovative Tools and Strategies for Optimizing Yeast Cell Factories. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:488-504. [PMID: 33008642 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering (ME) aims to develop efficient microbial cell factories that can produce a wide variety of valuable compounds, ideally at the highest yield and from various feedstocks. We summarize recent developments in ME methods for tailoring different yeast cell factories (YCFs). In particular, we highlight the most timely and cutting-edge molecular tools and strategies for biosynthetic pathway optimization (including genome-editing tools), combinatorial transcriptional and post-transcriptional engineering (cis/trans regulators), dynamic control of metabolic fluxes (e.g., rewiring of primary metabolism), and spatial reconfiguration of metabolic pathways. Finally, we discuss challenges and perspectives for adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) of yeast to advance ME of microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Guirimand
- Graduate School of Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), Équipe d'Accueil (EA) 2106, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), Équipe d'Accueil (EA) 2106, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), EA 3142, Université Angers and Université Brest, Structure Féderative de Recherche (SFR) 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Angers, France
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), Équipe d'Accueil (EA) 2106, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
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18
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Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Halogenase XanH and Engineering of Multifunctional Fusion Halogenases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01225-20. [PMID: 32651204 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01225-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xantholipin (compound 1), a polycyclic xanthone antibiotic, exhibited strong antibacterial activities and showed potent cytotoxicity. The biosynthetic gene cluster of compound 1 has been identified in our previous work, and the construction of xanthone nucleus has been well demonstrated. However, limited information of the halogenation involved in compound 1 biosynthesis is available. In this study, based on the genetic manipulation and biochemical assay, we characterized XanH as an indispensable flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent halogenase (FDH) for the biosynthesis of compound 1. XanH was found to be a bifunctional protein capable of flavin reduction and chlorination and exclusively used the NADH. However, the reduced flavin could not be fully and effectively utilized, and the presence of an extra flavin reductase (FDR) and chemical-reducing agent could promote the halogenation. XanH accepted its natural free-standing substrate with angular fused polycyclic aromatic systems. Meanwhile, it exhibited moderate halogenation activity and possessed high substrate specificity. The requirement of extra FDR for higher halogenation activity is tedious for future engineering. To facilitate efforts in engineering XanH derivative proteins, we constructed the self-sufficient FDR-XanH fusion proteins. The fusion protein E1 with comparable activities to that of XanH could be used as a good alternative for future protein engineering. Taken together, these findings reported here not only improve the understanding of polycyclic xanthones biosynthesis but also expand the substrate scope of FDH and pave the way for future engineering of biocatalysts for new active substance synthesis.IMPORTANCE Halogenation is important in medicinal chemistry and plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of active secondary metabolites. Halogenases have evolved to catalyze reactions with high efficiency and selectivity, and engineering efforts have been made to engage the selective reactivity in natural product biosynthesis. The enzymatic halogenations are an environmentally friendly approach with high regio- and stereoselectivity, which make it a potential complement to organic synthesis. FDHs constitute one of the most extensively elucidated class of halogenases; however, the inventory awaits to be expanded for biotechnology applications and for the generation of halogenated natural product analogues. In this study, XanH was found to reduce flavin and halogenated the freely diffusing natural substrate with an angular fused hexacyclic scaffold, findings which were different from those for the exclusively studied FDHs. Moreover, the FDR-XanH fusion protein E1 with comparable reactivity to that of XanH serves as a successful example of genetic fusions and sets an important stage for future protein engineering.
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19
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Wang H, Sun X, Hu M, Zhang X, Xie L, Gu S. Bromination of
α
‐Diazo Phenylacetate Derivatives Using Cobalt(II) Bromide. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering & PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Hu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Xie
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering & PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
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20
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Santos R, Pinto D, Magalhães C, Silva A. Halogenated Flavones and Isoflavones: A State-of-Art on their Synthesis. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:415-425. [PMID: 32473000 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200530213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid is a family of compounds present in the everyday consumption plants and fruits, contributing to a balanced diet and beneficial health effects. Being a scaffold for new drugs and presenting a wide range of applicability in the treatment of illnesses give them also an impact in medicine. Among the several types of flavonoids, flavone and isoflavone derivatives can be highlighted due to their prevalence in nature and biological activities already established. The standard synthetic route to obtain both halogenated flavones and isoflavones is through the use of already halogenated starting materials. Halogenation of the flavone and isoflavone core is less common because it is more complicated and involves some selectivity issues. OBJECTIVE Considering the importance of these flavonoids, we aim to present the main and more recent synthetic approaches towards their halogenation. METHODS The most prominent methodologies for the synthesis of halogenated flavones and isoflavones were reviewed. A careful survey of the reported data, using mainly the Scopus database and halogenation, flavones and isoflavones as keywords, was conducted. RESULTS Herein, a review is provided on the latest and more efficient halogenation protocols of flavones and isoflavones. Selective halogenation and the greener methodologies, including enzymatic and microbial halogenations, were reported. Nevertheless, some interesting protocols that allowed the synthesis of halogenated flavone and isoflavone derivatives in specific positions using halogenated reagents are also summarized. CONCLUSION Halogenated flavones and isoflavones have risen as noticeable structures; however, most of the time, the synthetic procedures involve toxic reagents and harsh reaction conditions. Therefore, the development of new synthetic routes with low environmental impact is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Clara Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Nieto-Domínguez M, Nikel PI. Intersecting Xenobiology and Neometabolism To Bring Novel Chemistries to Life. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2551-2571. [PMID: 32274875 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of life relies on a handful of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus) as part of essential building blocks; some other atoms are needed to a lesser extent, but most of the remaining elements are excluded from biology. This circumstance limits the scope of biochemical reactions in extant metabolism - yet it offers a phenomenal playground for synthetic biology. Xenobiology aims to bring novel bricks to life that could be exploited for (xeno)metabolite synthesis. In particular, the assembly of novel pathways engineered to handle nonbiological elements (neometabolism) will broaden chemical space beyond the reach of natural evolution. In this review, xeno-elements that could be blended into nature's biosynthetic portfolio are discussed together with their physicochemical properties and tools and strategies to incorporate them into biochemistry. We argue that current bioproduction methods can be revolutionized by bridging xenobiology and neometabolism for the synthesis of new-to-nature molecules, such as organohalides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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