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Li Z, Cao Q, Chen H, Yang J, Wang Z, Qu X, Yao Y, Zhou Z, Zhang W. Dual Phytochemical/Activity-Guided Optimal Preparation and Bioactive Material Basis of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth. (Shen Tea) against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18561-18572. [PMID: 39121367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (OSB) is a popular plant used for making "Shen tea" or "Java tea". It has been demonstrated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. However, its potential beneficial effects and bioactive material basis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been convincingly studied. In the present work, we conducted dual phytochemical/activity-guided extraction optimization and component fractionation of OSB, and evaluated its beneficial effects on NAFLD. Flavonoids and polyphenols (caffeic acid/protocatechuic acid derivatives) were determined as the dominant phytochemicals in OSB. The extraction process for these phytochemicals was optimized by using response surface methodology. Noticeably, flavonoids showed a stronger correlation with the antioxidant activities of OSB than polyphenols. Likewise, the flavonoid-rich fraction of OSB exerted antioxidant activities stronger than those of other fractions. As expected, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the flavonoid-rich fraction effectively attenuated weight increase, improved lipid metabolism, alleviated hepatic steatosis, and reversed hepatic inflammation. Importantly, this fraction showed equivalent beneficial effects to the total extract of OSB, suggesting that flavonoids were the main bioactive constituents of OSB. The action mechanism was indicated as direct antioxidant effect through chemical interaction with free radicals and indirect mitochondria-mediated antioxidant defense. Our research offers bioactive substances for further exploitation and expands the potential application of OSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qiongyue Cao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xiangquan Qu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Zhengkun Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P. R. China
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Guo P, Chen H, Ma J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Wei T, Gao D, Li J. Enzyme-assisted extraction, characterization, and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Potentilla anserina L. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216572. [PMID: 37528998 PMCID: PMC10388540 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Potentilla anserina (Potentilla anserina L.), also known as ginseng fruit, is a plant that can be used as both medicine and food. Potentilla anserina L. has high medical value in Chinese medicine, such as strengthening the spleen and stomach, replenishing qi and blood, and astringing hemostasis. Methods In this study, polysaccharides of Potentilla anserina L. were extracted from the root using an enzyme-assisted extraction method. According to the principle of Box-Behnken design, response surface methodology was designed to optimize the extraction conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and appearance of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides. The monosaccharide composition of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activities were also studied. Results Under the optimal extraction conditions (the ratio of solid to liquid, 1:15; ratio of cellulase to pectinase, 1:2; extraction pH, 8.0; enzyme reaction temperature, 60°C), the extraction yield of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was 19.80 ± 0.01%, equal to the model prediction value 19.84%. The data of Fourier transform infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharide was a kind of α-pyran polysaccharide, mainly consisting of galactose, glucose, rhamnose, and arabinose. The antioxidant results showed that Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides had a strong hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 0.367 mg/mL), superoxide anion scavenging ability (IC50 = 45.017 mg/mL), and a certain degree of total reducing ability. Discussion Enzyme-assisted extraction is an efficient method to extract Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides. The Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides could have potential use in functional foods as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinpu Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongfu Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ti Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Nephropathy Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Ponphaiboon J, Krongrawa W, Aung WW, Chinatangkul N, Limmatvapirat S, Limmatvapirat C. Advances in Natural Product Extraction Techniques, Electrospun Fiber Fabrication, and the Integration of Experimental Design: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5163. [PMID: 37446825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review explores the growing interest in the techniques employed for extracting natural products. It emphasizes the limitations of conventional extraction methods and introduces superior non-conventional alternatives, particularly ultrasound-assisted extraction. Characterization and quantification of bioactive constituents through chromatography coupled with spectroscopy are recommended, while the importance of method development and validation for biomarker quantification is underscored. At present, electrospun fibers provide a versatile platform for incorporating bioactive extracts and have extensive potential in diverse fields due to their unique structural and functional characteristics. Thus, the review also highlights the fabrication of electrospun fibers containing bioactive extracts. The preparation of biologically active extracts under optimal conditions, including the selection of safe solvents and cost-effective equipment, holds promising potential in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Integration of experimental design into extraction procedures and formulation development is essential for the efficient production of health products. The review explores potential applications of encapsulating natural product extracts in electrospun fibers, such as wound healing, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant properties, while acknowledging the need for further exploration and optimization in this field. The findings discussed in this review are anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for the processing industry, enabling the utilization of affordable and environmentally friendly, natural, and raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthaporn Ponphaiboon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wantanwa Krongrawa
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wah Wah Aung
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Nawinda Chinatangkul
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, Bangkok 10160, Thailand
| | - Sontaya Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Advances in Molecular Regulation of Prostate Cancer Cells by Top Natural Products of Malaysia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1536-1567. [PMID: 36826044 PMCID: PMC9954984 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains both a global health burden and a scientific challenge. We present a review of the molecular targets driving current drug discovery to fight this disease. Moreover, the preventable nature of most PCa cases represents an opportunity for phytochemicals as chemopreventive when adequately integrated into nutritional interventions. With a renovated interest in natural remedies as a commodity and their essential role in cancer drug discovery, Malaysia is looking towards capitalizing on its mega biodiversity, which includes the oldest rainforest in the world and an estimated 1200 medicinal plants. We here explore whether the list of top Malay plants prioritized by the Malaysian government may fulfill the potential of becoming newer, sustainable sources of prostate cancer chemotherapy. These include Andrographis paniculate, Centella asiatica, Clinacanthus nutans, Eurycoma longifolia, Ficus deltoidea, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Marantodes pumilum (syn. Labisia pumila), Morinda citrifolia, Orthosiphon aristatus, and Phyllanthus niruri. Our review highlights the importance of resistance factors such as Smac/DIABLO in cancer progression, the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in cancer metastasis, and the regulation of PCa cells by some promising terpenes (andrographolide, Asiatic acid, rosmarinic acid), flavonoids (isovitexin, gossypin, sinensetin), and alkylresorcinols (labisiaquinones) among others.
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Idris MKH, Hasham R, Ismail HF. Bioassay-Guided extraction of andrographis paniculata for intervention of in-vitro prostate cancer progression in metabolic syndrome environment. Daru 2022; 30:253-272. [PMID: 35922691 PMCID: PMC9715910 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Thus, this life-threatening disease demands a proactive treatment strategy. Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a promising candidate with various medicinal properties. However, the bioactivity of AP is influenced by its processing conditions especially the extraction solvent. OBJECTIVE In the present study, bioassay-guided screening technique was employed to identify the best AP extract in the management of MetS, PCa, and MetS-PCa co-disease in vitro. METHODS Five AP extracts by different solvent systems; APE1 (aqueous), APE2 (absolute methanol), APE3 (absolute ethanol), APE4 (40% methanol), and APE5 (60% ethanol) were screened through their phytochemical profile, in-vitro anti-cancer, anti-obese, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. The best extract was further tested for its potential in MetS-induced PCa progression. RESULTS APE2 contained the highest andrographolide (1.34 ± 0.05 mg/mL) and total phenolic content (8.85 ± 0.63 GAE/gDW). However, APE3 has the highest flavonoid content (11.52 ± 0.80 RE/gDW). APE2 was also a good scavenger of DPPH radicals (EC50 = 397.0 µg/mL). In cell-based assays, among all extracts, APE2 exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 57.5 ± 11.8 µg/mL) on DU145 cancer cell line as well as on its migration activity. In in-vitro anti-obese study, all extracts significantly reduced lipid formation in 3T3-L1 cells. The highest insulin-sensitizing and -mimicking actions were exerted by both APE2 and APE3. Taken together, APE2 showed collectively good activity in the inhibition of PCa progression and MetS manifestation in vitro, compared to other extracts. Therefore, APE2 was further investigated for its potential to intervene DU145 progression induced with leptin (10-100 ng/mL) and adipocyte conditioned media (CM) (10% v/v). Interestingly, APE2 significantly diminished the progression of the cancer cell that has been pre-treated with leptin and CM through cell cycle arrest at S phase and induction of cell death. CONCLUSION In conclusion, AP extracts rich with andrographolide has the potential to be used as an alternative to ameliorate PCa progression induced by factors highly expressed in MetS.
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Azhar ANH, Amran NA, Yusup S, Mohd Yusoff MH. Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. Using Ethanol as Solvent. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154906. [PMID: 35956856 PMCID: PMC9370269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is the compound that gives out the typical aroma and flavour of pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.). This research incorporates ultrasonic extraction to extract the aromatic compound in pandan leaves. The parameters varied in this study are the extraction time, sonicator amplitude, concentration of solvent and the mass of pandan leaves. The experiment was conducted using a central composite design (CCD) model generated by the response surface methodology (RSM). From the extraction process, it can be deduced that the effect of leaves’ mass is comparably higher than other parameters, while sonicator amplitude gives the most negligible impact on the process. The obtained p-value was 0.0014, which was less than 0.05. The high R-squared 0.9603 and adjusted R-squared 0.8809 indicate the model is well agreed with the actual data. The optimal control variables of ultrasonic extraction of 2AP are at an extraction time of 20 min, 60% of solvent concentration, amplitude of 25% and 12.5 g of pandan leaves, which produced 60.51% of yield of the extract and 1.43 ppm of 2AP. It is found that the mass of pandan leaves and the concentration of solvent have a significant impact on the extraction process of 2AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisyah Nur Hanis Azhar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (A.N.H.A.); (S.Y.); (M.H.M.Y.)
| | - Nurul Aini Amran
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (A.N.H.A.); (S.Y.); (M.H.M.Y.)
- HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-53687563; Fax: +60-53656176
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (A.N.H.A.); (S.Y.); (M.H.M.Y.)
- HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (A.N.H.A.); (S.Y.); (M.H.M.Y.)
- HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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Chongsrimsirisakhol O, Pirak T. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of cold brew coffee extracts as affected by ultrasound treatment and their application in low fat pork sausage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2056197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tantawan Pirak
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Oktaviyanti ND, Setiawan F, Kartini K, Azminah A, Avanti C, Hayun H, Mun'im A. Development of a Simple and Rapid HPLC-UV Method for Ultrasound-assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction optimization of Ferulic Acid and Antioxidant Activity from Ixora javanica Flowers. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Joshi BC, Juyal V, Sah AN, Verma P, Mukhija M. Review On Documented Medicinal Plants Used For The Treatment Of Cancer. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211011125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a frightful disease and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Naturally derived compounds are gaining interest of research workers as they have less toxic side effects as compared to currently used treatments such as chemotherapy. Plants are the pool of chemical compounds which provides a promising future for research on cancer.
Objective:
This review paper provides updated information gathered on medicinal plants and isolated phytoconstituents used as anticancer agents and summarises the plant extracts and their isolated chemical constituents exhibiting anticancer potential on clinical trials.
Methods:
An extensive bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing worldwide established scientific databases like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar etc. In next few decades, herbal medicine may become a new epoch of medical system.
Results:
Many researches are going on medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer but it is a time to increase further experimental studies on plant extracts and their chemical constituents to find out their mechanism of action at molecular level.
Conclusion:
The article may help many researchers to start off further experimentation that might lead to the drugs for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Vijay Juyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Piyush Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical science and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun-248001, India
| | - Minky Mukhija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
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Abdul Aziz AH, Putra NR, Zaini AS, Idham Z, Ahmad MZ, Che Yunus MA. Solubility of sinensetin and isosinensetin from Cat’s Whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) leaves in ethanol-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: experimental and modeling. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gam DH, Hong JW, Kim JH, Kim JW. Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Peanut Shell Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051231. [PMID: 33669031 PMCID: PMC7956768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for simultaneous optimization of dependent variables, including DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI), and collagenase activity inhibition (CAI) of peanut shell extracts. The effects of the main variables including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min, X1), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C, X2), and ethanol concentration (0.0%~99.5%, X3) were optimized. Based on experimental values from each condition, quadratic regression models were derived for the prediction of optimum conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variable was in the range of 0.89~0.96, which demonstrates that the regression model is suitable for the prediction. In predicting optimal UAE conditions based on the superimposing method, extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 36.6 °C, and ethanol concentration of 93.2% were identified. Under these conditions, RSA of 74.9%, TAI of 50.6%, and CAI of 86.8% were predicted, showing good agreement with the experimental values. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that peanut shell extract decreased mRNA levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genes in B16-F0 cell. Therefore, we identified the skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects of peanut shell extracts at protein as well as gene expression levels, and the results show that peanut shell is an effective cosmetic material for skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. Based on this study, peanut shell, which was considered a byproduct, can be used for the development of healthy foods, medicines, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Gam
- Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea; (D.H.G.); (J.W.H.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ji Woo Hong
- Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea; (D.H.G.); (J.W.H.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jun Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea; (D.H.G.); (J.W.H.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea; (D.H.G.); (J.W.H.); (J.H.K.)
- FlexPro Biotechnology, Natural Science 128, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea
- Center for Next-Generation Semiconductor Technology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-2226
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Genotype selection for phytochemical content and pharmacological activities in ethanol extracts of fifteen types of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. leaves using chemometric analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20945. [PMID: 33262368 PMCID: PMC7708627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. of the Lamiaceae family, called as kumis kucing in Indonesia, is a valuable medicinal plant for their pharmacological properties. The present study comprised of fifteen genotypes of O. aristatus was undertaken to evaluate the genotypes based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of leaves ethanol extract. Chemometric analysis (correlation and principal component analysis) was also used to investigate the genetic variability based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of O. aristatus genotypes. Results of phytochemical characterization showed that total phenolic ranged from 1.48 to 36.08 (maximum in A15) mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoid ranged from 0.10 to 3.07 (maximum in A15) mg QE/g DW, sinensetin ranged from 0.36 to 4.02 (maximum in A11) mg/g DW, and rosmarinic acid ranged 0.06 to 7.25 (maximum in A7) mg/g DW. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and FRAP assay. Antioxidant results showed that DPPH ranged from 1.68 to 15.55 (maximum in A15) μmol TE/g DW and FRAP ranged from 0.07 to 1.60 (maximum in A1 and A7) μmol TE/g DW. The genotype A8 showed the highest cytotoxic activities against HeLa (66.25%) and MCF-7 (61.79%) cell lines. Maximum α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was recorded in genotype A2 with the value of 62.84%. The genotypes A1, A2, A7, A11, and A15 were identified as superior based on their phytochemicals content and pharmacological activities coupled with chemometric analysis. This finding is important for breeding studies and also the pharmaceutical perspective of O. aristatus.
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Oktaviyanti ND, Kartini K, Hadiyat MA, Rachmawati E, Wijaya AC, Hayun H, Mun'im A. A green extraction design for enhancing flavonoid compounds from Ixora javanica flowers using a deep eutectic solvent. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201116. [PMID: 33204470 PMCID: PMC7657927 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an environmentally friendly extraction method for flavonoid compound from Ixora javanica, as a new raw material candidate for herbal medicine and cosmetics, was developed. The objectives of the present work were to provide recommendations for the optimal extraction conditions and to investigate the effects of any extraction parameters on flavonoid yields from the I. javanica flower. The extraction process was performed using deep eutectic solvent (DES) (choline chloride and propylene glycol at molar ratio of 1 : 1) and the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Both single-factor and response surface analyses using three-level and three-factor Box Behnken designs were conducted to obtain the optimum flavonoid concentrations. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for total flavonoids featured an extraction time of 40 min, 25% water content in DES and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 25 g ml-1. An extract obtained under optimum extraction conditions showed higher total flavonoid yields than an ethanolic extract which was used for comparison. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that both of the solvents also showed different effects on the outer surface of the I. javanica flower during the extraction process. In summary, our work succeeded in determining the optimum conditions for total flavonoids in the I. javanica flower using a green extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dewi Oktaviyanti
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Kartini Kartini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Arbi Hadiyat
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ellen Rachmawati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Andre Chandra Wijaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hayun Hayun
- Graduate Program of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Mun'im
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Graduate Program of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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