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Sepehri S, Khedmati M, Yousef-Nejad F, Mahdavi M. Medicinal chemistry perspective on the structure-activity relationship of stilbene derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19823-19879. [PMID: 38903666 PMCID: PMC11188052 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02867h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are a small family of polyphenolic secondary metabolites produced in a variety of closely related plant species. These compounds function as phytoalexins, aiding plant defense against phytopathogens and plants' adaptation to abiotic environmental factors. Structurally, some important phenolic compounds have a 14-carbon skeleton and usually have two isomeric forms, Z and E. Stilbenes contain two benzene rings linked by a molecule of ethanol or ethylene. Some derivatives of natural (poly)phenolic stilbenes such as resveratrol, pterostilbene, and combretastatin A-4 have shown various biological activities, such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as protection against heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Among stilbenes, resveratrol is certainly the most popular and extensively studied for its health properties. In recent years, an increasing number of stilbene compounds have been investigated for their bioactivity. This review focuses on the assessment of synthetic stilbene derivatives in terms of their biological activities and structure-activity relationship. The goal of this study is to consider the structural changes and different substitutions on phenyl rings that can improve the desired medicinal effects of stilbene-based compounds beyond the usual standards and subsequently discover biological activities by identifying effective alternatives of the evaluated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Sepehri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran +98-45-33522197 +98-45-33522437-39, ext. 164
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran
| | - Mina Khedmati
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran
| | - Faeze Yousef-Nejad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Zhang S, Mo M, Lv M, Xia W, Liu K, Yu G, Yu J, Xu G, Zeng X, Cheng S, Xu B, Luo H, Meng X. Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of novel trifluoromethylquinoline derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1967-1986. [PMID: 37937524 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A series of novel trifluoromethylquinoline derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activities. Methodology: All compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines. Results: Among them, 5a, 5m, 5o and 6b exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activities against all the tested cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated that 6b targeted the colchicine binding site, potentially inhibiting tubulin polymerization, and further studies indicated that 6b could arrest LNCaP cells in the G2/M phase and induce cell apoptosis. Molecular docking confirmed that 6b could bind to the colchicine binding site. Conclusion: Results suggested that 6b could serve as a promising lead compound for the development of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Min Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mengfan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Wen Xia
- Guizhou Bailing Enterprise Group Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Anshun Guizhou, 561000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Guangcan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Sha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Bixue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xueling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
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Gawali R, Bhosale R, Nagesh N, Masand VH, Jadhav S, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA. Design, synthesis, docking studies and biological screening of 2-pyrimidinyl-2, 3-dihydro-1 H-naphtho [1, 2- e][1, 3] oxazines as potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37811783 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2266766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted 2-pyrimidinyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1, 3]oxazine analogs have been designed and synthesized based on structure-activity relationships from 2-naphthol, substituted pyrimidinyl amines and formalin through ring closure by one-pot three component reaction. These derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity, cell cycle assay and their inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization. From the MTT assay, it is clear that most of the synthesized compounds displayed potent cytotoxic activities on HeLa (cervical cancer) and B16F10 (melanoma) cancerous cell lines. The compounds 6b and 6k were found to be more effective against HeLa cell lines and exhibited significant cytotoxicity (with IC50 values 1.26 ± 0.12 µM and 1.16 ± 0.27 µM respectively), accumulation of HeLa cells in G2/M phase and exhibiting induced apoptosis. The immunohistochemistry and fluorescence assays showed that these compounds 6b and 6k inhibited the microtubule assembly in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) at 2 µM concentration. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of these molecules revealed their better-fit potential as anticancer molecules and have a high affinity for colchicine binding site, indicating more inhibitory potential at the cellular level. Our studies suggest that the newly synthesized compounds may become promising leads for the development of new anti-cancer agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Gawali
- Department of Chemistry, D.B.F. Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur, India
| | - Raghunath Bhosale
- Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, P. A. H. Solapur University, Solapur, India
| | - Narayana Nagesh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEX II, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vijay H Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, India
| | - Shravan Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, D.B.F. Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur, India
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sofi FA, Tabassum N. Natural product inspired leads in the discovery of anticancer agents: an update. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8605-8628. [PMID: 36255181 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2134212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have emerged as major leads for the discovery and development of new anti-cancer drugs. The plant-derived anti-cancer drugs account for approximately 60% and the quest for new anti-cancer agents is in progress. Anti-cancer leads have been isolated from plants, animals, marine organisms, and microorganisms from time immemorial. The process of semisynthetic modifications of the parent lead has led to the generation of new anti-cancer agents with improved therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects. The various chemo-informatics tools, bioinformatics, high-throughput screening, and combinatorial synthesis are able to deliver the new natural product lead molecules. Plant-derived anticancer agents in either late preclinical development or early clinical trials include taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, topotecan, irinotecan, etoposide, paclitaxel, and docetaxel. Similarly, anti-cancer agents from microbial sources include dactinomycin, bleomycin, mitomycin C, and doxorubicin. In this review, we highlighted the importance of natural products leads in the discovery and development of novel anti-cancer agents. The semisynthetic modifications of the parent lead to the new anti-cancer agent are also presented. Further, the leads in the preclinical settings with the potential to become effective anticancer agents are also reviewed.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdoos Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nahida Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Ma Z, Zhang W, Han X, Li G. Design, synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and in silico studies of nitrogenous stilbenes. Fitoterapia 2023; 170:105625. [PMID: 37507054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In present study, five series of 45 nitrogenous stilbenes including 35 new compounds were designed, synthesized, and assayed for cytotoxic activities against two human tumor cell lines (K562 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells) and normal cell line (L-02 cells). Structure-activity relationships showed the introduction of N,N-dimethylamino enhanced the cytotoxicities toward K562 cells and compounds with N-methyl piperazine displayed stronger potency toward MDA-MB-231 cells. Among them, compound NS1i possessed extremely potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values 0.93 μM against K562 cells along with excellent selectivity on normal cell viability. Moreover, in silico target prediction and molecule docking demonstrated quinone reductase 2 may be the potential target for NS1i. In summary, nitrogenous stilbenes afford significant potential for the discovery of new highly efficient anticancer agents and NS1i may serve as a promising lead deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Gallego-Yerga L, Chiliquinga AJ, Peláez R. Novel Tetrazole Derivatives Targeting Tubulin Endowed with Antiproliferative Activity against Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11093. [PMID: 37446273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the structure of microtubules has made tubulin a relevant target for the research of novel chemotherapies. Furthermore, the particularly high sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to microtubule disruption could open new doors in the search for new anti-GBM treatments. However, the difficulties in developing potent anti-tubulin drugs endowed with improved pharmacokinetic properties necessitates the expansion of medicinal chemistry campaigns. The application of an ensemble pharmacophore screening methodology helped to optimize this process, leading to the development of a new tetrazole-based tubulin inhibitor. Considering this scaffold, we have synthesized a new family of tetrazole derivatives that achieved remarkable antimitotic effects against a broad panel of cancer cells, especially against GBM cells, showing high selectivity in comparison with non-tumor cells. The compounds also exerted high aqueous solubility and were demonstrated to not be substrates of efflux pumps, thus overcoming the main limitations that are usually associated with tubulin binding agents. Tubulin polymerization assays, immunofluorescence experiments, and flow cytometry studies demonstrated that the compounds target tubulin and arrest cells at the G2/M phase followed by induction of apoptosis. The docking experiments agreed with the proposed interactions at the colchicine site and explained the structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallego-Yerga
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Gallego-Yerga L, Ceña V, Peláez R. Potent and Selective Benzothiazole-Based Antimitotics with Improved Water Solubility: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation as Novel Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1698. [PMID: 37376146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of colchicine site ligands on tubulin has proven to be a successful strategy to develop potent antiproliferative drugs against cancer cells. However, the structural requirements of the binding site endow the ligands with low aqueous solubility. In this work, the benzothiazole scaffold is used to design, synthesize, and evaluate a new family of colchicine site ligands exhibiting high water solubility. The compounds exerted antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines, due to tubulin polymerization inhibition, showing high selectivity toward cancer cells in comparison with non-tumoral HEK-293 cells, as evidenced by MTT and LDH assays. The most potent derivatives, containing a pyridine moiety and ethylurea or formamide functionalities, displayed IC50 values in the nanomolar range even in the difficult-to-treat glioblastoma cells. Flow cytometry experiments on HeLa, MCF7, and U87MG cells showed that they arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phases at an early time point (24 h), followed by apoptotic cell death 72 h after the treatment. Tubulin binding was confirmed by microtubule network disruption observed via confocal microscopy. Docking studies support favorable interaction of the synthesized ligands at the colchicine binding site. These results validate the proposed strategy to develop potent anticancer colchicine ligands with improved water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallego-Yerga
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Valentín Ceña
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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González M, Ellahioui Y, Gallego L, Vicente-Blázquez A, Álvarez R, Medarde M, Peláez R. Novel amino analogs of the trimethoxyphenyl ring in potent colchicine site ligands improve solubility by the masked polar group incorporation (MPGI) strategy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106282. [PMID: 36459777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The low aqueous solubility of colchicine site antimitotic agents, of which the trimethoxyphenyl (A ring) is a heavy contributor, is a serious drawback in their clinical development. We have designed new A ring analogs with chameleonic masked polar amino groups able to increase aqueous solubility and also behave as non-polar through intramolecular hydrogen bonds when bound to tubulin. We have incorporated these new A rings in several scaffolds (sulfonamides, combretastatins, phenstatins, isocombretastatins), synthesized, and assayed 43 representatives. The amino analogs show improved aqueous solubility and some of them (8, 60Z, and 67) nanomolar anti-proliferative potencies against human cancer cell lines, with the most favorable substituent being a 3-methylamino group. The antiproliferative effect relates to tubulin inhibition as shown by in vitro tubulin polymerization inhibition, immunofluorescence microscopy, and cell cycle and apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry. The compounds arrest the cell cycle of treated cells in G2/M and later develop an apoptotic response. Docking studies suggested binding at the colchicine site of tubulin with good agreement with the DFT models of the new structural variations made. The 3-methylamino-4,5‑dimethoxyphenyl moiety is an example of the masked polar group incorporation (MPGI) strategy for soluble ligands binding to hydrophobic sites and a good trimethoxyphenyl ring replacement for the development of new colchicine site ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Younes Ellahioui
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Gallego
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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9
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Sekar P, Ravitchandirane R, Khanam S, Muniraj N, Cassinadane AV. Novel molecules as the emerging trends in cancer treatment: an update. Med Oncol 2022; 39:20. [PMID: 34982273 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As per World Health Organization cancer remains as a leading killer disease causing nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Since the burden of cancer increases worldwide, warranting an urgent search for anti-cancer compounds from natural sources. Secondary metabolites from plants, marine organisms exhibit a novel chemical and structural diversity holding a great promise as therapeutics in cancer treatment. These natural metabolites target only the cancer cells and the normal healthy cells are left unharmed. In the emerging trends of cancer treatment, the natural bioactive compounds have long become a part of cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we have tried to compile about eight bioactive compounds from plant origin viz. combretastatin, ginsenoside, lycopene, quercetin, resveratrol, silymarin, sulforaphane and withaferin A, four marine-derived compounds viz. bryostatins, dolastatins, eribulin, plitidepsin and three microorganisms viz. Clostridium, Mycobacterium bovis and Streptococcus pyogenes with their well-established anticancer potential, mechanism of action and clinical establishments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sekar
- Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pondicherry, 605102, India
| | | | - Sofia Khanam
- Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Howrah, WB, 711316, India
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Centre for Cancer Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Children's National Research Institute, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, D.C, 20010, USA.
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10
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González M, Ovejero-Sánchez M, Vicente-Blázquez A, Medarde M, González-Sarmiento R, Peláez R. Methoxy and bromo scans on N-(5-methoxyphenyl) methoxybenzenesulphonamides reveal potent cytotoxic compounds, especially against the human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cell line. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1029-1047. [PMID: 34107837 PMCID: PMC8205030 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1925265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty seven N-(5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulphonamide with methoxy or/and bromo substitutions (series 1-4) and with different substituents on the sulphonamide nitrogen have been synthesised. 21 showed sub-micromolar cytotoxicity against HeLa and HT-29 human tumour cell lines, and were particularly effective against MCF7. The most potent series has 2,5-dimethoxyanilines, especially the 4-brominated compounds 23–25. The active compounds inhibit microtubular protein polymerisation at micromolar concentrations, thus pointing at tubulin as the target. Co-treatment with the MDR inhibitor verapamil suggests that they are not MDR substrates. Compound 25 showed nanomolar antiproliferative potency. It severely disrupts the microtubule network in cells and arrests cells at the G2/M cell-cycle phase, thus confirming tubulin targeting. 25 triggered apoptotic cell death, and induced autophagy. Docking studies suggest binding in a distinct way to the colchicine site. These compounds are promising new antitumor agents acting on tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Ovejero-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratorio de Diagnóstico en Cáncer Hereditario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratorio de Diagnóstico en Cáncer Hereditario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Computational Study on the Mechanism of the Photouncaging Reaction of Vemurafenib: Toward an Enhanced Photoprotection Approach for Photosensitive Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071846. [PMID: 33806033 PMCID: PMC8037874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemical behavior of the photosensitive first-line anticancer drug vemurafenib (VFB) is of great interest due to the impact of such behavior on its pharmacological activity. In this work, we computationally elucidated the mechanism of the photoinduced release of VFB from the 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzene (DMNB) photoprotecting group by employing various density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches. The computational investigations included a comparative assessment of the influence of the position of the photoprotecting group as a substituent on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the photouncaging reactions of two VFB-DMNB prodrugs, namely pyrrole (NP) and sulfonamide (NS). With the aid of the DFT calculations concerning the activation energy barrier (∆G‡), the obtained results suggest that the step of the photoinduced intramolecular proton transfer of the DMNB moiety is not detrimental concerning the overall reaction profile of the photouncaging reaction of both prodrugs. However, the obtained results suggested that the position of the substitution position of the DMNB photoprotecting group within the prodrug structure has a substantial impact on the photouncaging reaction. In particular, the DMNB-Ns-VFB prodrug exhibited a notable increase in ∆G‡ for the key step of ring opining within the DMNB moiety indicative of potentially hindered kinetics of the photouncaging process compared with DMNB-Np-VFB. Such an increase in ∆G‡ may be attributed to the electronic influence of the NP fragment of the prodrug. The results reported herein elaborate on the mechanism of the photoinduced release of an important anticancer drug from photoprotecting groups with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the photochemical behavior of such photosensitive pharmaceutical materials at the molecular level.
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12
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González M, Ovejero-Sánchez M, Vicente-Blázquez A, Álvarez R, Herrero AB, Medarde M, González-Sarmiento R, Peláez R. Microtubule Destabilizing Sulfonamides as an Alternative to Taxane-Based Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1907. [PMID: 33673002 PMCID: PMC7918738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pan-Gyn cancers entail 1 in 5 cancer cases worldwide, breast cancer being the most commonly diagnosed and responsible for most cancer deaths in women. The high incidence and mortality of these malignancies, together with the handicaps of taxanes-first-line treatments-turn the development of alternative therapeutics into an urgency. Taxanes exhibit low water solubility that require formulations that involve side effects. These drugs are often associated with dose-limiting toxicities and with the appearance of multi-drug resistance (MDR). Here, we propose targeting tubulin with compounds directed to the colchicine site, as their smaller size offer pharmacokinetic advantages and make them less prone to MDR efflux. We have prepared 52 new Microtubule Destabilizing Sulfonamides (MDS) that mostly avoid MDR-mediated resistance and with improved aqueous solubility. The most potent compounds, N-methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-4-methylaminobenzenesulfonamide 38, N-methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-4-methoxy-3-aminobenzenesulfonamide 42, and N-benzyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-4-methoxy-3-aminobenzenesulfonamide 45 show nanomolar antiproliferative potencies against ovarian, breast, and cervix carcinoma cells, similar or even better than paclitaxel. Compounds behave as tubulin-binding agents, causing an evident disruption of the microtubule network, in vitro Tubulin Polymerization Inhibition (TPI), and mitotic catastrophe followed by apoptosis. Our results suggest that these novel MDS may be promising alternatives to taxane-based chemotherapy in chemoresistant Pan-Gyn cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.); (A.V.-B.); (R.Á.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.O.-S.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Ovejero-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.O.-S.); (A.B.H.)
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico en Cáncer Hereditario, Laboratorio 14, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.); (A.V.-B.); (R.Á.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.O.-S.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.); (A.V.-B.); (R.Á.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.O.-S.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana B. Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.O.-S.); (A.B.H.)
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico en Cáncer Hereditario, Laboratorio 14, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.); (A.V.-B.); (R.Á.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.O.-S.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.O.-S.); (A.B.H.)
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico en Cáncer Hereditario, Laboratorio 14, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.); (A.V.-B.); (R.Á.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.O.-S.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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13
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Pecyna P, Wargula J, Murias M, Kucinska M. More Than Resveratrol: New Insights into Stilbene-Based Compounds. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1111. [PMID: 32726968 PMCID: PMC7465418 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant "drug-likeness" scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the "fresh outlook" about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pecyna
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wargula
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
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14
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Abstract
The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant "drug-likeness" scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the "fresh outlook" about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure.
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15
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Karatoprak GŞ, Küpeli Akkol E, Genç Y, Bardakcı H, Yücel Ç, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Combretastatins: An Overview of Structure, Probable Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E2560. [PMID: 32486408 PMCID: PMC7321081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Combretastatins are a class of closely related stilbenes (combretastatins A), dihydrostilbenes (combretastatins B), phenanthrenes (combretastatins C) and macrocyclic lactones (combretastatins D) found in the bark of Combretum caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, commonly known as the South African bush willow. Some of the compounds in this series have been shown to be among the most potent antitubulin agents known. Due to their structural simplicity many analogs have also been synthesized. Combretastatin A4 phosphate is the most frequently tested compounds in preclinical and clinical trials. It is a water-soluble prodrug that the body can rapidly metabolize to combretastatin A4, which exhibits anti-tumor properties. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies on combretastatins have determined that these compounds also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Nano-based formulations of natural or synthetic active agents such as combretastatin A4 phosphate exhibit several clear advantages, including improved low water solubility, prolonged circulation, drug targeting properties, enhanced efficiency, as well as fewer side effects. In this review, a synopsis of the recent literature exploring the combretastatins, their potential effects and nanoformulations as lead compounds in clinical applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasin Genç
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Hilal Bardakcı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Çiğdem Yücel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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16
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Hamze A, Alami M, Provot O. Developments of isoCombretastatin A-4 derivatives as highly cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112110. [PMID: 32061961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a natural anti-cancer agent isolated in 1989 from the African willow tree, Combretum caffrum. Due to its chemical simplicity, this (Z)-stilbene has been the subject of many structural modifications mainly to improve its chemical and metabolic stability. Beside a large number of synthetic analogues, isoCombretastatin A-4 (isoCA-4), has proved to be a solution of choice since this non-natural isomer of CA-4 is stable, easier to synthesize and has equivalent antitumor properties as CA-4. In this review, we will present the structure-activity relationships (SARs) around isoCA-4 since its discovery in 2007. In a first part, we will describe some alternatives to replace the phenol B-ring of isoCA-4, then we will focus on the variations made on the 1,1-ethylene double bond and then, we will evocate very recent exiting results concerning the possible replacements of the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl A-ring of isoCA-4 by suitable heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Hamze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Olivier Provot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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