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Kumar H, Dhanjal DS, Guleria S, Nepovimova E, Sethi N, Dhalaria R, Kuca K. Hepatoprotective effects of fruits pulp, seed, and peel against chemical-induced toxicity: Insights from in vivo studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114742. [PMID: 38754807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ in human physiology positioned in the upper right quadrant of the peritoneal cavity, which plats a critical role in metabolic processes, detoxification of various substances and overall homeostasis. Along with these critical functions, hepatic diseases impose as significant global health threat. Liver illness is the cause of two million fatalities every year, or 4% of all deaths. Traditionally, healthcare providers have prescribed antibacterial and antiviral medications to address liver illness. Nephrotoxicity is a frequently observed negative reaction to drugs, with the majority of such events happening in individuals who have advanced cirrhosis. Thus, recognizing this gap, there is a dire need of exploration of pharmaceutical alterative for hepatic diseases, with special focus on their efficacy and reduced toxicity. Fruits have long been known to therapeutic impact on human health, thus exploration of fruits components namely pulp, seeds and peels containing phytochemicals have emerged as a promising avenue for hepatoprotective interventions. Thus, review comprehends the information about worldwide burden of chemical induced toxicity and injuries as well as highlight the on-going challenges in hepatic disease management. It also shed light on the valuable contributions fruit parts and their phytocompounds obtained from different components of fruits. Fruit pulp, especially when rich in flavonoids, has demonstrated significant potential in animal model studies. It has been observed to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory markers. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts have demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. Further, this review also discusses about the safety assessments of fruits extracts for their utilization as hepatoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147001, India.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nidhi Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Abdelgalil MH, Elhammamy RH, Ragab HM, Sheta E, Wahid A. The hepatoprotective effect of 4-phenyltetrahydroquinolines on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats through autophagy inhibition. Biol Res 2024; 57:32. [PMID: 38797855 PMCID: PMC11129499 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver serves as a metabolic hub within the human body, playing a crucial role in various essential functions, such as detoxification, nutrient metabolism, and hormone regulation. Therefore, protecting the liver against endogenous and exogenous insults has become a primary focus in medical research. Consequently, the potential hepatoprotective properties of multiple 4-phenyltetrahydroquinolines inspired us to thoroughly study the influence of four specially designed and synthesized derivatives on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-seven Wistar albino male rats weighing 140 ± 18 g were divided into eleven groups to investigate both the toxicity profile and the hepatoprotective potential of 4-phenyltetrahydroquinolines. An in-vivo hepatotoxicity model was conducted using CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight, a 1:1 v/v mixture with corn oil, i.p.) every 72 h for 14 days. The concurrent treatment of rats with our newly synthesized compounds (each at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, suspended in 0.5% CMC, p.o.) every 24 h effectively lowered transaminases, preserved liver tissue integrity, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the histopathological examination of liver tissues revealed a significant reduction in liver fibrosis, which was further supported by the immunohistochemical analysis of α-SMA. Additionally, the expression of the apoptotic genes BAX and BCL2 was monitored using real-time PCR, which showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis. Further investigations unveiled the ability of the compounds to significantly decrease the expression of autophagy-related proteins, Beclin-1 and LC3B, consequently inhibiting autophagy. Finally, our computer-assisted simulation dockingonfirmed the obtained experimental activities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that derivatives of 4-phenyltetrahydroquinoline demonstrate hepatoprotective properties in CCl4-induced liver damage and fibrosis in rats. The potential mechanism of action may be due to the inhibition of autophagy in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hussein Abdelgalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reem H Elhammamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Polyphenols from Thinned Young Apples: HPLC-HRMS Profile and Evaluation of Their Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Proteomic Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081577. [PMID: 36009298 PMCID: PMC9405250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The qualitative profile of thinned apple polyphenols (TAP) fraction (≈24% of polyphenols) obtained by purification through absorbent resin was fully investigated by LC-HRMS in positive and negative ion mode and using ESI source. A total of 68 polyphenols were identified belonging to six different classes: flavanols, flavonols, dihydrochalchones, flavanones, flavones and organic and phenolic acids. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were then investigated in cell models with gene reporter for NRF2 and NF-κB and by quantitative proteomic (label-free and SILAC) approaches. TAP dose-dependently activated NRF2 and in the same concentration range (10–250 µg/mL) inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by TNF-α and IL-1α as pro-inflammatory promoters. Proteomic studies elucidated the molecular pathways evoked by TAP treatment: activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway, which in turn up-regulates protective oxidoreductases and their nucleophilic substrates such as GSH and NADPH, the latter resulting from the up-regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway. The increase in the enzymatic antioxidant cellular activity together with the up-regulation of the heme-oxygenase would explain the anti-inflammatory effect of TAP. The results suggest that thinned apples can be considered as a valuable source of apple polyphenols to be used in health care products to prevent/treat oxidative and inflammatory chronic conditions.
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Akinloye D, Sojinu O, Moses C, Agemo S, Taiwo E, Adene T. Acalypha wilkesiana java white restored carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced reno-hepatic tissue dysfunction in female albino rats. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ben Hsouna A, Hfaiedh M, Ben Slima S, Romdhane W, Akacha BB, Bouterra MT, Dhifi W, Mnif W, Brini F, Ben Saad R, Ben Salah R. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of novel heteropolysaccharide isolated from
Lobularia maritima
on CCl4‐induced liver injury in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2271-2284. [PMID: 35844920 PMCID: PMC9281954 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the extraction and the characterization of a novel heteropolysaccharide from Tunisian halophyte Lobularia maritima (LmPS). We were also interested in its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver injury in rats. LmPS physicochemical properties were evaluated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV absorption. According to TLC and HPLC results, LmPS was a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and xylose. Its molecular weight was 130.62 kDa. This heteropolysaccharide was characterized by a significant antioxidant potential and was efficient against oxidative stress and CCL4‐induced hepatotoxicity in rat Wistar models (n = 8) treated with a single dose of LmPS 250 mg/kg of body weight. This was evidenced by a significant increase in serum marker enzymes specially aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The cytokines released after stimulation of rats with LmPS showed high anti‐inflammatory profiles with an increased rate of interleukine‐10 (IL‐10) with 0.03 pg/mL compared to animals treated only with CCl4. On the contrary, we noticed a decrease of the other cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α: TNF‐α, interleukine‐6: IL‐6, transforming growth factor beta 1: TGF‐β1) with average concentration values of <0.2, 0.1, and 0.04 pg/mL, respectively. Besides, histopathological examinations revealed that CCl4 causes acute liver damage, characterized by extensive hepatocellular necrosis, vacuolization, and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as DNA fragmentation. LmPS administration at a dose of 250 mg/kg resulted in a significant hepatoprotection, evidenced by a reduction of CCl4‐induced oxidative damage for all tested markers. These findings eagerly confirmed that LmPS was effective in the protection against CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity. It, therefore, suggested a potential therapeutic use of this polysaccharide as an alternative medicine for patients with acute liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ben Hsouna
- Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa Gafsa Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mbarka Hfaiedh
- Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorisation Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine University of Gabes Medenine Tunisia
| | - Sirine Ben Slima
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules (LMB) Center of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Ben Akacha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Taieb Bouterra
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Wissal Dhifi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio‐GeoRessources Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet Biotechpole Sidi Thabet University of Manouba Ariana Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn University of Bisha Bisha Saudi Arabia
- ISBST BVBGR‐LR11ES31 Biotechpole Sidi Thabet University of Manouba Ariana Tunisia
| | - Faical Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules (LMB) Center of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
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Therapeutic Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extracts from the Ancient Apple Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini in Transient Global Ischemia in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111106. [PMID: 34832888 PMCID: PMC8619919 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini is an ancient apple variety cultivated by Romans in the foothills of the Sibillini Mountains, central Italy, showing potential as a source of nutraceuticals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from the peel (APE) and pulp (APP) of this fruit in an animal model of transient global ischemia. Chemical constituents were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MSn) indicating several polyphenols such as B-type procyanidins, quercetin derivatives and hydroxycinnamic acids as the main bioactive components. Acute pre-treatment of extracts (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased the brain levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (p < 0.01) and TNF-α (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 for APE and APP, respectively), the expression of caspase-3 (p < 0.01, For APE) and MDA (p < 0.05), a lipid peroxidation biomarker in rats. Both extracts restricted the pathological changes of the brain induced by ischemic stroke in hematoxylin and eosin assay. Moreover, they improved the scores of behavioral tests in grid-walking and modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) tests. In conclusion, these results proved this ancient Italian apple is a source of nutraceuticals able to protect/prevent damage from brain ischemia.
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Dehpour AR, Yousefi-Manesh H, Sheibani M, Sadeghi MA, Hemmati S, Noori T, Shirooie S. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Sumatriptan on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 72:41-46. [PMID: 34500479 DOI: 10.1055/a-1589-5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver detoxifies and metabolizes many drugs and xenobiotics which may cause hepatotoxicity due to some toxic agents. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is metabolized in cytochrome P450 and its reactive radical metabolites cause lipid peroxidation, cellular injury, and apoptosis. Sumatriptan (SUM), 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, had anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In this research the effect of SUM pre-treatment against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was examined. Adult rats received SUM (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg; i.p.) for 3 consecutive days before CCl4 (2 ml/kg; i.p. on the 3rd day). The aminotransferases serum levels, tissue levels of anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory markers and histopathological examination were evaluated. SUM (0.3 mg/kg) prevented significantly the elevation of aminotransferases versus the control group (CCl4 group) (P<0.0001) and also, reversed meaningfully the changes of the MPO, MDA, SOD and CAT, IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Additionally, CCl4-intoxication resulted to the disruption of lobular and cellular structures and inflammation in histopathological evaluation which is prevented by SUM (0.3 mg/kg). These data revealed that SUM (0.3 mg/kg), but no at doses 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, decreases the hepatotoxicity of induced by CCl4 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Prophylactic effect of myricetin and apigenin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6363-6373. [PMID: 34401985 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver has an important role in the initiation and progression of multiple organ failure that occurs in sepsis. Many natural active substances can be used to reduce the liver injury caused by sepsis. For this aim, the effects of myricetin and apigenin on mice model of acute liver injury was evaluated in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into six groups as; control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg), LPS + myricetin (100 mg/kg), LPS + myricetin (200 mg/kg), LPS + apigenin (100 mg/kg), and LPS + apigenin (200 mg/kg) groups. Myricetin and apigenin were administered orally for 7 days, and LPS was administered intraperitoneally only on the 7th day of the study. 24 h after LPS application, all animals were sacrificed and serum biochemical parameters, histopathology and oxidative stress and inflammation markers of liver tissue were examined. Myricetin and apigenin pre-treatments increased serum albumin and total protein levels, liver GSH level and catalase and SOD activities and decreased serum ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, CRP, total and direct bilirubin levels, liver MPO activity, MDA, NOx, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκB, and IKK proteins but not p38, ERK, and JNK proteins in LPS-treated mice. Myricetin and apigenin administration also regained the hepatic architecture disrupted during LPS application. CONCLUSION Myricetin and apigenin pre-treatments led to reduction of liver injury indices and oxidative stress and inflammatory events and these flavonoids has probably hepatoprotective effects in acute liver injury.
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Potenza L, Minutelli M, Stocchi V, Fraternale D. Biological potential of an ethanolic extract from “Mela Rosa Marchigiana” pulp callus culture. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Phytochemicals and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of the Methanolic Extracts from the Italian Apple Cultivar Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13060127. [PMID: 32580356 PMCID: PMC7344947 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical profile of the methanolic extracts (pulp and peel) obtained from two dehydration methods (drying and freeze-lyophilization) of the traditional Italian apple Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini, as well as their inhibitory properties against some biological enzymes (α-glucosidase, lipase, monoamine oxidase A, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were assessed in this study. HPLC-DAD-MS technique was used for the determination of polyphenolic and triterpenic compounds. The determination of the enzymes inhibitory effect was made through spectrophotometric techniques. The peel extracts were richer in bioactive compounds than the pulp. In this regard, the extracts from freeze-lyophilization displayed higher levels of flavan-3-ols, flavonol glycosides and dihydrochalcones. However, the extracts obtained from dried material displayed a stronger enzyme inhibition. Notably, the peel extracts showed a higher activity than the pulp ones, especially in terms of α-glucosidase whereby some samples exerted a similar enzymatic inhibition than acarbose (100% inhibition) at high concentrations (1 mg/mL). These results encourage thus further studies on this traditional Italian apple as a potential source of nutraceuticals helpful to prevent the insurgence of some pathologies.
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