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Yang J, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zhang Q. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: A Review. ACS NANO 2024; 18:21804-21835. [PMID: 39116003 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline networks with extended backbones cross-linked by covalent bonds. Due to the semiconductive properties and variable metal coordinating sites, along with the rapid development in linkage chemistry, the utilization of COFs in photocatalytic CO2RR has attracted many scientists' interests. In this Review, we summarize the latest research progress on variable COFs for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In the first part, we present the development of COF linkages that have been used in CO2RR, and we discuss four mechanisms including COFs as intrinsic photocatalysts, COFs with photosensitive motifs as photocatalysts, metalated COF photocatalysts, and COFs with semiconductors as heterojunction photocatalysts. Then, we summarize the principles of structural designs including functional building units and stacking mode exchange. Finally, the outlook and challenges have been provided. This Review is intended to give some guidance on the design and synthesis of diverse COFs with different linkages, various structures, and divergent stacking modes for the efficient photoreduction of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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2
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Shahzad U, Marwani HM, Saeed M, Asiri AM, Repon MR, Althomali RH, Rahman MM. Progress and Perspectives on Promising Covalent-Organic Frameworks (COFs) Materials for Energy Storage Capacity. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300285. [PMID: 37986206 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a new class of highly crystalline advanced permeable materials covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered a great deal of attention thanks to their remarkable properties, such as their large surface area, highly ordered pores and channels, and controllable crystalline structures. The lower physical stability and electrical conductivity, however, prevent them from being widely used in applications like photocatalytic activities and innovative energy storage and conversion devices. For this reason, many studies have focused on finding ways to improve upon these interesting materials while also minimizing their drawbacks. This review article begins with a brief introduction to the history and major milestones of COFs development before moving on to a comprehensive exploration of the various synthesis methods and recent successes and signposts of their potential applications in carbon dioxide (CO2 ) sequestration, supercapacitors (SCs), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and hydrogen production (H2 -energy). In conclusion, the difficulties and potential of future developing with highly efficient COFs ideas for photocatalytic as well as electrochemical energy storage applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Reazuddin Repon
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų 56, LT-51424, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Qi SP, Guo RT, Bi ZX, Zhang ZR, Li CF, Pan WG. Recent Progress of Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Materials in Photocatalytic Applications: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303632. [PMID: 37541658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are one type of porous organic materials linked by covalent bonds. COFs materials exhibit many outstanding characteristics such as high porosity, high chemical and thermal stability, large specific surface area, efficient electron transfer efficiency, and the ability for predesigned structures. These exceptional advantages enable COFs materials to exhibit remarkable performance in photocatalysis. Additionally, the activity of COFs materials as photocatalysts can be significantly upgraded by ion doping and the formation of heterojunctions. This paper summarizes the latest research progress on COF-based materials applied in photocatalytic systems. Initially, typical structures and preparation methods of COFs are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the essential principles of photocatalytic reactions over COFs-based materials and the latest research developments in photocatalytic hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, pollutants elimination, organic transformation, and overall water splitting are indicated. At last, the outlook and challenges of COF-based materials in photocatalysis are discussed. This review is intended to permit instructive guidance for the efficient use of photocatalysis based on COFs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Qi
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Xu Bi
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Rui Zhang
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Fan Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
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4
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Moruzzi F, Zhang W, Purushothaman B, Gonzalez-Carrero S, Aitchison CM, Willner B, Ceugniet F, Lin Y, Kosco J, Chen H, Tian J, Alsufyani M, Gibson JS, Rattner E, Baghdadi Y, Eslava S, Neophytou M, Durrant JR, Steier L, McCulloch I. Solution-processable polymers of intrinsic microporosity for gas-phase carbon dioxide photoreduction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3443. [PMID: 37301872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Four solution-processable, linear conjugated polymers of intrinsic porosity are synthesised and tested for gas phase carbon dioxide photoreduction. The polymers' photoreduction efficiency is investigated as a function of their porosity, optical properties, energy levels and photoluminescence. All polymers successfully form carbon monoxide as the main product, without the addition of metal co-catalysts. The best performing single component polymer yields a rate of 66 μmol h-1 m-2, which we attribute to the polymer exhibiting macroporosity and the longest exciton lifetimes. The addition of copper iodide, as a source of a copper co-catalyst in the polymers shows an increase in rate, with the best performing polymer achieving a rate of 175 μmol h-1 m-2. The polymers are active for over 100 h under operating conditions. This work shows the potential of processable polymers of intrinsic porosity for use in the gas phase photoreduction of carbon dioxide towards solar fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Moruzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Weimin Zhang
- KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Balaji Purushothaman
- KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Soranyel Gonzalez-Carrero
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 7TA, UK
| | - Catherine M Aitchison
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Benjamin Willner
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Fabien Ceugniet
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jan Kosco
- KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hu Chen
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Junfu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Maryam Alsufyani
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Joshua S Gibson
- Henry Royce Institute Oxford Centre for Energy Materials Research, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Ed Rattner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yasmine Baghdadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marios Neophytou
- KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 7TA, UK
| | - Ludmilla Steier
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Shah R, Ali S, Raziq F, Ali S, Ismail PM, Shah S, Iqbal R, Wu X, He W, Zu X, Zada A, Adnan, Mabood F, Vinu A, Jhung SH, Yi J, Qiao L. Exploration of metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for energy-related applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Romero Valenzuela AE, Chokradjaroen C, Choeichom P, Wang X, Kim K, Saito N. Carbon Fibers Prepared via Solution Plasma-Generated Seeds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:906. [PMID: 36769911 PMCID: PMC9918063 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fibers are materials with potential applications for CO2 capture due to their porous structure and high surface areas. Nevertheless, controlling their porosity at a microscale remains challenging. The solution plasma (SP) process provides a fast synthesis route for carbon materials when organic precursors are used. During the discharge and formation of carbon materials in solution, a soot product-denominated solution plasma-generated seeds (SPGS) is simultaneously produced at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Here, we propose a preparation method for carbon fibers with different and distinctive morphologies. The control over the morphology is also demonstrated by the use of different formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Eduardo Romero Valenzuela
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Chayanaphat Chokradjaroen
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department of International Collaborative Program in Sustainable Materials and Technology for Industries between Nagoya University and Chulalongkorn University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Pongpol Choeichom
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kyusung Kim
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Saito
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Strategic International Collaborative Research Program (SICORP), Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Open Innovation Platform with Enterprises, Research Institute and Academia (OPERA), Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Conjoint Research Laboratory in Nagoya University, Shinshu University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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7
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Chiral Covalent-Organic Framework MDI-β-CD-Modified COF@SiO 2 Core-Shell Composite for HPLC Enantioseparation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020662. [PMID: 36677719 PMCID: PMC9866547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The chiral covalent-organic framework (CCOF) is a new kind of chiral porous material, which has been broadly applied in many fields owing to its high porosity, regular pores, and structural adjustability. However, conventional CCOF particles have the characteristics of irregular morphology and inhomogeneous particle size distribution, which lead to difficulties in fabricating chromatographic columns and high column backpressure when the pure CCOFs particles are directly used as the HPLC stationary phases. Herein, we used an in situ growth strategy to prepare core-shell composite by immobilizing MDI-β-CD-modified COF on the surface of SiO2-NH2. The synthesized MDI-β-CD-modified COF@SiO2 was utilized as a novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) to explore its enantiomeric-separation performance in HPLC. The separation of racemates and positional isomers on MDI-β-CD-modified COF@SiO2-packed column (column A) utilizing n-hexane/isopropanol as the mobile phase was investigated. The results demonstrated that column A displayed remarkable separation ability for racemic compounds and positional isomers with good reproducibility and stability. By comparing the MDI-β-CD-modified COF@SiO2-packed column (column A) with commercial Chiralpak AD-H column and the previously reported β-CD-COF@SiO2-packed column (column B), the chiral recognition ability of column A can be complementary to that of Chiralpak AD-H column and column B. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time and peak area for the separation of 1,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone were 0.28% and 0.79%, respectively. Hence, the synthesis of CCOFs@SiO2 core-shell composites as the CSPs for chromatographic separation has significant research potential and application prospects.
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Polymorphic Covalent Organic Frameworks: Molecularly Defined Pore Structures and Iodine Adsorption Property. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010449. [PMID: 36615656 PMCID: PMC9824140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioactive iodine-capturing materials are urgently needed for the emerging challenges in nuclear waste disposal. The various pore structures of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) render them promising candidates for efficient iodine adsorption. However, the detailed structure-property relationship of COFs in iodine adsorption remains elusive. Herein, two polymorphic COFs with significantly different crystalline structures are obtained based on the same building blocks with varied molecular ratios. The two COFs both have high crystallinity, high specific surface area, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Compared with the [C4+C4] topology (PyT-2) with an AA stacking form, the [C4+C2] topology (PyT-1) with an AB stacking form has more twisted pore channels and complex ink-bottle pores. At ambient conditions, PyT-1 and PyT-2 both exhibit good adsorption properties for iodine capture either in a gaseous or liquid medium. Remarkably, PyT-1 presents an excellent maximum adsorption capacity (0.635 g g-1), and the adsorption limit of PyT-2 is 0.445 g g-1 in an n-hexane solution with an iodine concentration of 400 mg L-1, which is highly comparable to the state-of-the-art iodine absorption performance. This study provides a guide for the future molecular design strategy toward novel iodine adsorbents.
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Karak S, Dey K, Banerjee R. Maneuvering Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks via Framework-Morphology Modulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202751. [PMID: 35760553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Translating the performance of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from laboratory to macroscopic reality demands specific morphologies. Thus, the advancement in morphological modulation has recently gained some momentum. A clear understanding of nano- to macroscopic architecture is critical to determine, optimize, and improve performances of this atomically precise porous material. Along with their chemical compositions and molecular frameworks, the prospect of morphology in various applications should be discussed and highlighted. A thorough insight into morphology versus application will help produce better-engineered COFs for practical implications. 2D and 3D frameworks can be transformed into various solids such as nanospheres, thin films, membranes, monoliths, foams, etc., for numerous applications in adsorption, separation photocatalysis, the carbon dioxide reduction, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. However, the research on COF chemistry mainly focuses on correlating structure to property, structure to morphology, and structure to applications. Here, critical insights on various morphological evolution and associated applications are provided. In each case, the underlying role of morphology is unveiled. Toward the end, a correlation between morphology and application is provided for the future development of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Karak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kaushik Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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Li J, Hou Y, Cui CX, Zhang X, Wang JC, Wang A, Chen Z, Li M, Lou T. Porphyrin-based conjugated organic polymer with dual metal sites for highly active and selective visible-light-driven reduction of CO 2 to CO. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15022-15030. [PMID: 36112028 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A porphyrin-based conjugated organic polymer (COP) was constructed from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin copper (CuTBPP) and 5,5'-bis-ethynyl-2,2'-bipyridine (BPY) via Sonogashira coupling. Its complex Co/CuTBPP-BPY-COP (with dual metal sites composed of copper porphyrin and a cobalt BPY unit) was prepared by coordination with Co2+. All of the prepared CuTBPP-BPY-COP and Co/CuTBPP-BPY-COP compounds exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance toward CO2 reduction under visible-light irradiation without another sacrificial reagent but only H2O. Co/CuTBPP-BPY-COP (dual metal sites) exhibited better photocatalytic activity than CuTBPP-BPY-COP (a single metal site). Co/CuTBPP-BPY-COP retained a higher photocatalysis capacity for CO2 reduction after 10 consecutive cycles. The total quantity of CO product was 263.2 μmol g-1 after 10 h of irradiation. Theoretical studies indicate that introducing Co metal centers and nitro groups are more favorable for the photoreduction catalysis of CO2 compared with that using CuTBPP-BPY-COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Ji-Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Airong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Tianjun Lou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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11
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Ye W, Wang Y, Ji G, Zhang F, Zhao Y, Liu Z. Carbazolic Conjugated Organic Polymers for Visible-Light-Driven CO 2 Photoreduction with H 2 O to CO with High Efficiency and Selectivity. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200759. [PMID: 35638154 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction with H2 O to value-added chemicals in high efficiency and selectivity is significant but challenging. Herein, a series of carbazolic conjugated organic polymers (CB-COPs) with electron donor-acceptor (D-A) structures were prepared, which showed high efficiency for visible-light-driven photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 O in a solid-gas mode, affording CO as the exclusive carbonaceous product. Especially, CB-COP-mpd derived from 3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridine exhibited the highest CO evolution rate up to 191.46 μmol g-1 h-1 with a selectivity of 100 %. Mechanism studies showed that carbazolyl is a promising electron donor candidate for constructing CB-COPs with D-A structures, capable of improving the catalytic efficiency and suppressing H2 generation. The acceptor building block with excessive electron withdrawing capability was favorable to H2 O adsorption, thus resulting in the generation of H2 . This work provides new insights for designing COPs photocatalysts for CO2 photocatalytic reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China)
| | - Guipeng Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China)
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China)
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China)
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12
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Covalent Organic Frameworks Composites Containing Bipyridine Metal Complex for Oxygen Evolution and Methane Conversion. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165193. [PMID: 36014434 PMCID: PMC9416349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel covalent organic framework (COF) composites containing a bipyridine multimetal complex were designed and obtained via the coordination interaction between bipyridine groups and metal ions. The obtained Pt and polyoxometalate (POM)–loaded COF complex (POM–Pt@COF–TB) exhibited excellent oxidation of methane. In addition, the resultant Co/Fe–based COF composites achieved great performance in an electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Compared with Co–modified COFs (Co@COF–TB), the optimized bimetallic modified COF composites (Co0.75Fe0.25@COF–TB) exhibited great performance for electrocatalytic OER activity, showing a lower overpotential of 331 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, Co0.75Fe0.25@COF–TB also possessed a great turnover frequency (TOF) value (0.119 s−1) at the overpotential of 330 mV, which exhibited high efficiency in the utilization of metal atoms and was better than that of many reported COF-based OER electrocatalysts. This work provides a new perspective for the future coordination of COFs with bimetallic or polymetallic ions, and broadens the application of COFs in methane conversion and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution.
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Huang S, Chen K, Li TT. Porphyrin and phthalocyanine based covalent organic frameworks for electrocatalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pasricha S, Chaudhary A, Srivastava A. Evolving Trends for C−C Bond Formation Using Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Pasricha
- Department of Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College University of Delhi India
| | - Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry Maitreyi College, Bapu New Delhi 110021 India
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Abhay Srivastava Material Research Centre Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore India
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Niu Q, Dong S, Tian J, Huang G, Bi J, Wu L. Rational Design of Novel COF/MOF S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Boosting CO 2 Reduction at Gas-Solid Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24299-24308. [PMID: 35593448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photoreduction of CO2 into valuable fuels offers a sustainable technology to relieve the energy crisis as well as the greenhouse effect. Yet the exploration of highly efficient, selective, stable, and environmental benign photocatalysts for CO2 reduction remains a major issue and challenge. The interfacial engineering of heterojunction photocatalysts could be a valid approach to boost the efficiency of the catalytic process. Herein, we propose a novel covalent organic framework/metal organic framework (COF/MOF) heterojunction photocatalyst, using olefin (C═C) linked covalent organic framework (TTCOF) and NH2-UiO-66 (Zr) (NUZ) as representative building blocks, for enhanced CO2 reduction to CO. The optimized TTCOF/NUZ exhibited a superior CO yield (6.56 μmol g-1 h-1) in gas-solid system when irradiated by visible light and only with H2O (g) as weak reductant, and it was 4.4 and 5 times higher than pristine TTCOF and NUZ, respectively. The photogenerated electrons transfer route was proposed to follow the typical step-scheme (S-scheme), which was affirmed by XPS, in situ XPS and EPR characterizations. The boosting CO2 photoreduction activity could be credited to the special charge carrier separation in S-scheme heterojunction, which can accelerate photogenerated electrons transportation and improve the redox ability at the interface. This work paves the way for the design and preparation of novel COF/MOF S-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Niu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shaofeng Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Bi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Minhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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Non-Covalent Interactions in Organic, Organometallic, and Inorganic Supramolecular Systems Relevant for Medicine, Materials Science, and Catalysis. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure, fundamental properties, and reactivity of chemical systems at various hierarchical levels of organization of matter is the paradigm of chemistry. A qualitative and quantitative description of various intermolecular and intramolecular non-covalent interactions in chemical systems is the main tool for supramolecular design and the driving force of smart prediction of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of chemical reactions. This perspective is dedicated to highlighting the recent progress of our research group in the investigation of various non-covalent contacts in organic, organometallic, and inorganic chemical systems relevant for medicine, materials science, and catalysis. This research is interdisciplinary in nature and lies at the intersection of computer modeling with such natural science disciplines as chemistry, physics, crystallography, biology, and medicine, as well as directly related to materials science and nanotechnology.
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Skorjanc T, Shetty D, Mahmoud ME, Gándara F, Martinez JI, Mohammed AK, Boutros S, Merhi A, Shehayeb EO, Sharabati CA, Damacet P, Raya J, Gardonio S, Hmadeh M, Kaafarani BR, Trabolsi A. Metallated Isoindigo-Porphyrin Covalent Organic Framework Photocatalyst with a Narrow Band Gap for Efficient CO 2 Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2015-2022. [PMID: 34931799 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into formate (HCOO-) has been widely studied with semiconductor and molecule-based systems, but it is rarely investigated with covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Herein, we report a novel donor-acceptor COF named Co-PI-COF composed of isoindigo and metallated porphyrin subunits that exhibits high catalytic efficiency (∼50 μmol formate g-1 h-1) at low-power visible-light irradiation and in the absence of rare metal cocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations and experimental diffuse-reflectance measurements are used to explain the origin of catalytic efficiency and the particularly low band gap (0.56 eV) in this material. The mechanism of photocatalysis is also studied experimentally and is found to involve electron transfer from the sacrificial agent to the excited Co-PI-COF. The observed high-efficiency conversion could be ascribed to the enhanced CO2 adsorption on the coordinatively unsaturated cobalt centers, the narrow band gap, and the efficient transfer of the charge originating from the postsynthetic metallation. It is anticipated that this study will pave the way toward the design of new simple and efficient catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction into useful products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Skorjanc
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Felipe Gándara
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Martinez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdul Khayum Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandra Boutros
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Areej Merhi
- American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, 1107 2020 Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 13-5053, 1102 2801 Chouran Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elissa O Shehayeb
- American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, 1107 2020 Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christa A Sharabati
- American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, 1107 2020 Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Patrick Damacet
- American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, 1107 2020 Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jesus Raya
- Membrane Biophysics and NMR, Institute of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg─CNRS, Rue Blaise Pascal 1, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Gardonio
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia
| | - Mohamad Hmadeh
- American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, 1107 2020 Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bilal R Kaafarani
- American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, 1107 2020 Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Trabolsi
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Thiophene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Photophysics and Light-Driven Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247666. [PMID: 34946748 PMCID: PMC8704352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous crystalline materials, such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have emerged as some of the most important materials over the last two decades due to their excellent physicochemical properties such as their large surface area and permanent, accessible porosity. On the other hand, thiophene derivatives are common versatile scaffolds in organic chemistry. Their outstanding electrical properties have boosted their use in different light-driven applications (photocatalysis, organic thin film transistors, photoelectrodes, organic photovoltaics, etc.), attracting much attention in the research community. Despite the great potential of both systems, porous COF materials based on thiophene monomers are scarce due to the inappropriate angle provided by the latter, which hinders its use as the building block of the former. To circumvent this drawback, researchers have engineered a number of thiophene derivatives that can form part of the COFs structure, while keeping their intrinsic properties. Hence, in the present minireview, we will disclose some of the most relevant thiophene-based COFs, highlighting their basic components (building units), spectroscopic properties and potential light-driven applications.
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Qian Y, Ma D, Zhong J. Metal-Organic Frameworks With Variable Valence Metal-Photoactive Components: Emerging Platform for Volatile Organic Compounds Photocatalytic Degradation. Front Chem 2021; 9:749839. [PMID: 34869203 PMCID: PMC8634840 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.749839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With their outstanding diversities in both structures and performances, newly emerging metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials are considered to be the most promising artificial catalysts to meet multiple challenges in the fields of energy and environment. Especially in absorption and conversion of solar energy, a variety of MOFs can be readily designed to cover and harvest the sun irradiation of ultraviolet (UV), visible and near-infrared region through tuning both organic linkers and metal nodes to create optimal photocatalytic efficiency. Nowadays, a variety of MOFs were successfully synthesized as powerful photocatalysts for important redox reactions such as water-splitting, CO2 reduction and aqueous environmental pollutants detoxification. MOFs applications in indoor-air VOCs pollutants cleaning, however, are less concerned partially because of limited diffusion of both gaseous pollutant molecules and photo-induced active species in very porous MOFs structures. In this mini-review, we focus on the major breakthroughs of MOFs as photocatalysts for the effective removal of indoor-air VOCs such as aldehydes, aromatics and short-chain alcohols. According to their nature of photoactive centers, herein MOFs photocatalysts are divided into two categories to comment, that is, MOFs with variable valence metal nodes as direct photoactive centers and MOFs with non-variable valence metal nodes but after combining other photoactive variable valence metal centers as excellent concentrated and concerted electron-transfer materials. The mechanisms and current challenges of the photocatalytic degradation of indoor-air VOC pollutants by these MOFs will be discussed as deeply as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
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Wu S, Pan Y, Lin H, Li L, Fu X, Long J. Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tailored Linkages for Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4958-4972. [PMID: 34558794 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous polymeric semiconductors with network topologies, which are built from the integration of selected organic blocks with covalent bond linkages. They have shown great promise for artificial photosynthesis, owing to broad light harvesting, high crystallinity, and high carrier mobility. This Minireview introduces state-of-the-art COF photocatalysts based on different linkages and discusses the origin of photocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution. Three typical COF photocatalysts, with linkages including imine (-C=N-), β-ketoenamine (O=C-C=C-NH-), and vinylene (-C=C-), are discussed with a particular focus on the advancements in synthetic methodologies and structural design, as well as photoelectronic properties that are relevant to photocatalytic performance. The Minireview is expected to elucidate their structure-property relationships and the way to design photoactive COFs with enhanced performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Liuyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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Qian Y, Ma D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: New Materials Platform for Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Pollutants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195600. [PMID: 34639997 PMCID: PMC8509496 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly porous and crystalline polymeric materials, constructed by covalent bonds and extending in two or threedimensions. After the discovery of the first COF materials in 2005 by Yaghi et al., COFs have experienced exciting progress and exhibitedtheirpromising potential applications invarious fields, such as gas adsorption and separation, energy storage, optoelectronics, sensing and catalysis. Because of their tunablestructures, abundant, regular and customizable pores in addition to large specific surface area, COFs can harvest ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared photons, adsorb a large amount of substrates in internal structures and initiate surface redox reactions to act as effective organic photocatalysts for water splitting, CO2 reduction, organic transformations and pollutant degradation. In this review, we will discuss COF photocatalysts for the degradation of aqueous pollutants. The state-of-the-art paragon examples in this research area will be discussed according to the different structural type of COF photocatalysts. The degradation mechanism will be emphasized. Furthermore, the future development direction, challenges required to be overcome and the perspective in this field will be summarized in the conclusion.
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Peng L, Chang S, Liu Z, Fu Y, Ma R, Lu X, Zhang F, Zhu W, Kong L, Fan M. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction over ketoenamine-based covalent organic frameworks: role of the host functional groups. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the electron-withdrawing groups, the electron-donating groups in TpBD can accelerate the photogenerated charge separation and transfer, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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