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Diaconu D, Mangalagiu V, Dunca S, Amariucai-Mantu D, Antoci V, Roman T, Mangalagiu II. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of hybrid quinoline anchored with 4-R-benzenesulfonamide moiety with potential antimicrobial activity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21518. [PMID: 38027984 PMCID: PMC10660482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present in this paper a direct and efficient study regarding synthesis and spectral characterization of three series of hybrid quinoline anchored with 4-R-benzenesulfonamide moiety, with potential antimicrobial activity, by using ultrasound (US) irradiation and conventional methods (CV). The synthesis pathway is efficient and direct, in two steps: an initial N-acylation of 8-aminoquinoline followed by metal complexation with variously M2+ metals (Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pd2+, Zn2+). For both type of reactions, N-acylation and complexation, under US irradiations the synthesis have some undeniable advantages: the most relevant being the higher yields, a dramatically decrease for reaction time (with about 150 (one hundred fifty) folds for complexation) comparative with conventional methods (CV) (therefore the spent energy decrease in the same way), a decrease of the amount of used solvents. Taking into account the above considerations these reactions setup could be appreciated as eco-friendly. The structures of the obtained hybrid quinoline - sulfonamide complexes (HQBSM) were determined by elemental analysis and by using spectral investigations: FT-IR, NMR experiments, and X-ray diffraction (in three cases). The FT-IR and NMR spectra of complexes show a similar spectroscopic pattern for all complexes and fully confirm the proposed structures. The X-ray spectra analyses prove without doubts the structure of metal complexes, indicating that their structure depends essentially by two factors: the nature of metal and the nature of sulfonamide-quinoline moieties. Complexes containing 4-methoxy-benzoyl moiety and Zn2+ (e.g. 6a) are tetra-coordinated while in the Ni2+ complex (e.g. 6e) the metallic ion forms a distorted square-based bi-pyramid. In the complexes containing 4-nitro-benzoyl moiety and Cd2+ (e.g. 5d) the metallic ion forms a triangular bipyramid. The antibacterial and antifungal assay reveal that only hybrid HQBSM complex (4e) (with 4-chlorophenyl moiety and Ni2+ in molecule) have a significant antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitrela Diaconu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research – CERNESIM Center, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, RECENT-AIR, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
| | - Violeta Mangalagiu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research – CERNESIM Center, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Dunca
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
| | - Dorina Amariucai-Mantu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasilichia Antoci
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Roman
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research – CERNESIM Center, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research – CERNESIM Center, 11 Carol Bvd, 700506-Iasi, Romania
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Wang R, Wei M, Wang X, Chen Y, Xiong Y, Cheng J, Tan Y, Liao X, Wang J. Synthesis of ruthenium polypyridine complexes with benzyloxyl groups and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111954. [PMID: 35988386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four new ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(BPIP)](PF6)2 (Ru(II)-1), [Ru(dtb)2(BPIP)](PF6)2 (Ru(II)-2), [Ru(dmb)2(BPIP)](PF6)2 (Ru(II)-3) and [Ru(dmob)2(BPIP)](PF6)2 (Ru(II)-4) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dtb = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, dmob = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine and BPIP = 2-(3,5-bis(benzyloxyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) had been synthesized and characterized. Their antimicrobial activities were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and four complexes showed obvious antibacterial effect, especially the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of Ru(II)-3 was only 4 μg/mL. In addition, Ru(II)-3 was able to kill bacteria quickly and inhibit the formation of biofilm. Meanwhile, the cooperative effect between Ru(II)-3 and general antibiotics were tested and the results showed that Ru(II)-3 could enhance the susceptibility of S. aureus to different types of antibiotics. Most importantly, Ru(II)-3 hardly showed cytotoxicity to mammalian erythrocytes both in homelysis experiment and G. mellonella model. After being injected with high doses of the Ru(II)-3in vivo, the G. mellonella worms still exhibited high survival rates. Finally, a mouse skin infection model and G. mellonella infection model was built to determine the antibacterial activity of Ru(II)-3in vivo. The antibacterial mechanism of Ru(II)-3 was probably related to the membrane-disruption. Taken together, ruthenium polypyridine complexes with benzyloxyl groups had the potential to develop an attractive and untraditional antibacterial agent with new mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runbin Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wei
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushou Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshi Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwen Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jintao Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China.
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Quinoline-imidazole/benzimidazole derivatives as dual-/multi-targeting hybrids inhibitors with anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16988. [PMID: 36216981 PMCID: PMC9551061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new classes of hybrid quinoline-imidazole/benzimidazole derivatives (the hybrid QIBS salts and QIBC cycloadducts) were designed and synthesized to evaluate their anticancer and antimicrobial activity. The strategy adopted for synthesis is straight and efficient, in four steps: N-acylation, N-alkylation, quaternization and a Huisgen 3 + 2 cycloaddition. The in vitro single-dose anticancer assay of forty six hybrid quinoline-benzimidazole compounds reveal that one QIBS salt (11h), has an excellent quasi nonselective activity against all type of cancer cell with an excellent PGI in the area of 90-100% and very good lethality. Three others quinoline-imidazole/benzimidazole hybrids (8h, 12h, 12f) has an excellent selective activity against some cancer cell lines: breast cancer MDA-MB-468 and Leukemia HL-60 TB). The five-dose assay screening confirms that compound 11h possesses excellent anti-proliferative activity, with GI50 in the range of nano-molar, against some cancer cell lines: Leukemia HL-60 TB, Leukemia K-526, Leukemia RPMI-8226, Breast cancer MDA-MB-468, Lung cancer HOP-92 and Ovarian cancer IGROV1. The antibacterial assay indicates that three hybrid QIBS salts (12f, 12c, 12d) have an excellent activity against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli (superior to control Gentamicin) while against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus only one compound 8i (R2 = -CF3) exhibits a significant activity (superior to control Gentamicin). The MIC assay indicates that two other compounds (11h, 12h) are biologically active to a very low concentration, in the range of nano-molar. We believe that all these excellent assets related to anticancer and antibacterial activities, make from our hybrid quinoline-imidazole/benzimidazole compounds bearing a phenyl group (R2 = -C6H5) in the para (4)-position of the benzoyl moiety a good candidate for future drug developing.
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Hybrid Azine Derivatives: A Useful Approach for Antimicrobial Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102026. [PMID: 36297461 PMCID: PMC9610418 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are a major threat to human health, mostly because of drug resistance, multi-drug resistance and extensive-drug-resistance phenomena to microbial pathogens. During the last few years, obtaining hybrid azaheterocyclic drugs represents a powerful and attractive approach in modern antimicrobial therapy with very promising results including overcoming microbial drug resistance. The emphasis of this review is to notify the scientific community about the latest recent advances from the last five years in the field of hybrid azine derivatives with antimicrobial activity. The review is divided according to the main series of six-member ring azaheterocycles with one nitrogen atom and their fused analogs. In each case, the main essential data concerning synthesis and antimicrobial activity are presented.
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Scarim CB, Pavan FR. An overview of sulfonamide-based conjugates: Recent advances for tuberculosis treatment. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:567-577. [PMID: 35040503 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, tuberculosis (TB) caused approximately 1.4 million deaths around the world. TB is an infectious respiratory disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The lack of new drugs to treat drug-resistant strains is a principal factor for the continuous slow rise in TB infections. Sulfonamides are active moieties in various drugs used against several sicknesses, including TB. Our aim is to aid the development of new TB treatments and drugs by describing recent improvements (2011-2021) to sulfonamide-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cauê Benito Scarim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC), Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ibrahim NM, Fahim SH, Hassan M, Farag AE, Georgey HH. Design and synthesis of ciprofloxacin-sulfonamide hybrids to manipulate ciprofloxacin pharmacological qualities: Potency and side effects. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114021. [PMID: 34871841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibacterial agents used clinically to treat a wide array of bacterial infections. Although being potent, susceptibility to CNS side effects limits their use. It was observed that improvements in absorption, activity and side effects were achieved via modifications at the N atom of the C7 of the side chain. To meet the increasing demand for development of new antibacterial agents, nineteen novel ciprofloxacin-sulfonamide hybrid molecules were designed, synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR as potential antibacterial agents with dual DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV inhibitory activity. Most of the synthesized compounds showed significant antibacterial activity that was revealed by testing their inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase, DNA topoisomerase IV as well as their minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus. Six ciprofloxacin-sulfonamide hybrids (3f, 5d, 7a, 7d, 7e and 9b) showed potent inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase IV, compared to ciprofloxacin (IC50: 0.55 μM), with IC50 range: 0.23-0.44 μM. DNA gyrase was also efficiently inhibited by five ciprofloxacin-sulfonamide hybrids (3f, 5d, 5e, 7a and 7d) with IC50 range: 0.43-1.1 μM (IC50 of ciprofloxacin: 0.83 μM). Compounds 3a and 3b showed a marked improvement in the antibacterial activity over ciprofloxacin against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus Newman and Escherichia coli ATCC8739, with MIC = 0.324 and 0.422 μM, respectively, that is 4.2-fold and 3.2-fold lower than ciprofloxacin (MIC = 1.359 μM) against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and MIC = 0.025 and 0.013 μM, respectively, that is 10.2-fold and 19.6-fold lower than ciprofloxacin (MIC = 0.255 μM) against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC8739. Also, the most active compounds showed lower CNS and convulsive side effects compared to ciprofloxacin with a concomitant decrease in GABA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Samar H Fahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Awatef E Farag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Georgey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, 11786, Egypt
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Liang J, Sun D, Yang Y, Li M, Li H, Chen L. Discovery of metal-based complexes as promising antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113696. [PMID: 34274828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an intractable problem for the world. Metal ions are essential for the cell process and biological function in microorganisms. Many metal-based complexes with the potential for releasing ions are more likely to be absorbed for their higher lipid solubility. Hence, this review highlights the clinical potential of organometallic compounds for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria or fungi in recent five years. The common scaffolds, including antimicrobial peptides, N-heterocyclic carbenes, Schiff bases, photosensitive-grand-cycle skeleton structures, aliphatic amines-based ligands, and special metal-based complexes are summarized here. We also discuss their therapeutic targets and the risks that should be paid attention to in the future studies, aiming to provide information for researchers on metal-based complexes as antimicrobial agents and inspire the design and synthesis of new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mingxue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Antoci V, Oniciuc L, Amariucai-Mantu D, Moldoveanu C, Mangalagiu V, Amarandei AM, Lungu CN, Dunca S, Mangalagiu II, Zbancioc G. Benzoquinoline Derivatives: A Straightforward and Efficient Route to Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040335. [PMID: 33917439 PMCID: PMC8067460 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the design, synthesis, experimental and in silico evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of some new benzo[f]quinoline derivatives. Two classes of benzo[f]quinolinium derivatives—(benzo[f]quinolinium salts (BQS) and pyrrolobenzo[f]quinolinium cycloadducts (PBQC)—were designed and obtained in two steps via a direct and facile procedure: quaternization followed by a cycloaddition reaction. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectral analysis (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The antimicrobial assay reveals that the BQS salts have an excellent quasi-nonselective antifungal activity against the fungus Candida albicans (some of them higher that the control drug nystatin) and very good antibacterial activity against the Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The PBQC compounds are inactive. Analysis of the biological data reveals interesting SAR correlations in the benzo[f]quinolinium series of compounds. The in silico studies furnished important data concerning the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and ADMET parameters of the BQS salts. Studies of the interaction of each BQS salt 3a–o with ATP synthase in the formed complex, reveal that salts 3j, 3i, and 3n have the best fit in a complex with ATP synthase. Study of the interaction of each BQS salt 3a-o with TOPO II in the formed complex reveals that salts 3j and 3n have the best-fit in complex with TOPO II. The in silico ADMET studies reveal that the BQS salts have excellent drug-like properties, including a low toxicity profile. Overall, the experimental and in silico studies indicate that compounds 3e and 3f (from the aliphatic series), respectively, and 3i, 3j and 3n (from the aromatic series), are promising leading drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilichia Antoci
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (V.A.); (L.O.); (D.A.-M.); (C.M.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Liliana Oniciuc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (V.A.); (L.O.); (D.A.-M.); (C.M.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Dorina Amariucai-Mantu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (V.A.); (L.O.); (D.A.-M.); (C.M.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Costel Moldoveanu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (V.A.); (L.O.); (D.A.-M.); (C.M.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Violeta Mangalagiu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research—CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Claudiu N. Lungu
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 810325 Braila, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.N.L.); (S.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Simona Dunca
- Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.N.L.); (S.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (V.A.); (L.O.); (D.A.-M.); (C.M.); (I.I.M.)
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research—CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gheorghita Zbancioc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (V.A.); (L.O.); (D.A.-M.); (C.M.); (I.I.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.N.L.); (S.D.); (G.Z.)
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Shahzad S, Qadir MA, Ahmed M, Ahmad S, Khan MJ, Gulzar A, Muddassar M. Folic acid-sulfonamide conjugates as antibacterial agents: design, synthesis and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42983-42992. [PMID: 35514930 PMCID: PMC9058261 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors, as antibacterial agents, contain pyrimidine, pteridine, and azine moieties among many other scaffolds. Folic acid (FA), with a pteridine ring and amine group, was used as our focus scaffold, which was then conjugated with sulfonamides to develop new conjugates. The novel synthesized conjugates were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral studies and consequently screened for antimicrobial activities against bacterial strains with ampicillin as a positive control. Compound DS2 has the highest zone of inhibition (36.6 mm) with a percentage activity index (%AI) value of 122.8% against S. aureus and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.63 μg mL-1. DHFR enzyme inhibition was also evaluated using the synthesized conjugates through in vitro studies, and inhibition assays revealed that compound DS2 exhibited a 75.4 ± 0.12% (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)) inhibition, which is comparable with the standard DHFR inhibitor trimethoprim (74.6 ± 0.09%). The compounds attached to the unsubstituted aryl moiety of the sulfonamides revealed better inhibition against the bacterial strains as compared to the methyl substituted aryl sulfonamides. Molecular docking studies of the novel synthesized conjugates were also performed on the DHFR enzyme to identify the plausible binding modes to explore the binding mechanisms of these conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shahzad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan
| | | | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Renacon Pharma Limited Lahore-54600 Pakistan .,Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore Pakistan
| | - Saghir Ahmad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jadoon Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad Park Road Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asad Gulzar
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad Park Road Islamabad Pakistan
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