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Tie J, Li S, He W, Li Y, Liao F, Xue J, Bai B, Yang J, Wu J. Study of metabolite differences of flue-cured tobacco from Canada (CT157) and Yunnan (Yunyan 87). Heliyon 2024; 10:e32417. [PMID: 38961940 PMCID: PMC11219350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to comprehend the dissimilarities in tobacco quality between Canada and Yunnan, a comparison of the aroma components was conducted using GC-MS and HPLC analysis, coupled with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The study revealed the detection of a total of 81 aroma components and 22 non-volatile components in both varieties of tobacco leaves. Specifically, there were 102 components of Canada tobacco leaves and 103 components of Yunnan tobacco leaves. Subsequently, a screening was performed on these two types of tobacco leaves, identifying 51 differential components, which accounted for approximately 49.5 % of the overall components detected. Among these, Canada tobacco exhibited a higher concentration of 22 components, comprising roughly 36.4 % of the total, which were primarily composed of semi-volatile organic acids and sesquiterpenes. On the other hand, Yunnan tobacco was characterized by a comparatively higher content of 43 components, constituting approximately 63.6 %, including fatty acid esters, phenols, diterpenes, sugars, and amino acids. Comparatively, Canada tobacco demonstrated elevated levels of fatty acids and sesquiterpenes, while the content of fatty acid esters and diterpenes was relatively lower. These distinctions in aroma components potentially contribute to the varied sensory aroma profiles exhibited by the two types of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Tie
- Ningbo Tobacco Factory, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Shitou Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenmiao He
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Fu Liao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bing Bai
- College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
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Tzanova MT, Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Toneva M, Grozeva N, Memdueva N. Green Solvents for Extraction of Natural Food Colorants from Plants: Selectivity and Stability Issues. Foods 2024; 13:605. [PMID: 38397582 PMCID: PMC10887973 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers associate the color of food with its freshness and quality. More and more attention is being paid to natural colorants that bring additional health benefits to humans. Such natural substances are the carotenoids (yellow to orange), the anthocyanins (red to blue), and the betalains (red and yellow), which are very sensitive to exposure to light, air, high temperatures, and chemicals. Stability and diversity in terms of color can be optimized by using environmentally friendly and selective extraction processes that provide a balance between efficacy, safety, and stability of the resulting extracts. Green solvents like water, supercritical fluids, natural deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids are the most proper green solvents when combined with different extraction techniques like maceration, supercritical extraction, and ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted extraction. The choice of the right extracting agent is crucial for the selectivity of the extraction method and the stability of the prepared colorant. The present work reviews the green solvents used for the extraction of natural food colorants from plants and focuses on the issues related to the selectivity and stability of the products extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tankova Tzanova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Donika Ivanova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Toneva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Neli Grozeva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Neli Memdueva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
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Integrated untargeted metabolome, full-length sequencing, and transcriptome analyses reveal insights into the fruit quality at different harvest times of Chaenomeles speciosa. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112314. [PMID: 36737903 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chaenomeles speciosa fruit is a homologous medicine and food plant with a long history of multiple uses. It could be harvested near maturity and last for a long time. However, the optimal harvest strategy of Chaenomeles speciosa for various uses is currently unavailable. Here, untargeted metabolome at different harvest times during maturation was investigated for the first time, and 896 metabolites, including sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and phenylpropanoids, were identified. Optimal harvesting methods were proposed for different purposes. During the early maturation stages (before 105 days after full bloom), Ch. speciosa fruit could be harvested as Chinesemedicine. Whereas as snacks and food, Ch. speciosa fruit might be harvested at late maturity (after 120 days after full bloom). In addition, the overall network was revealed by integrating full-length Iso-seq and transcriptomics (RNA-seq) to investigate the association between quality-associated metabolites and Chaenomeles speciosa fruit gene expression during maturation. A few putative genes were captured via screening, dissecting and correlation analysis with the quality-associated metabolites (including d-glucose, catechin, gallocatechin, and succinic acid). Overall, in addition to providing a harvesting strategy for food and medicine, we also investigated the metabolism and gene expression pattern of Chaenomeles speciosa fruit during maturation. This comprehensive data and analyses laid the foundation for further investigating potential regulatory mechanisms during harvest and provided a new possibility for its development and utilization.
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Shao D, Gao G, Abubakar AS, Hazaisi H, Chen P, Chen J, Chen K, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yu C, Zhu A. Total Flavonoids Extracts of Apocynum L. from the Ili River Valley Region at Different Harvesting Periods and Bioactivity Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:7343. [PMID: 36364168 PMCID: PMC9655940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the total content from two Apocynum species leaves (Apocynum venetum and Apocynum hendersonii) collected from the Ili River Valley Region were extracted, and their bioactivities were investigated. The results showed a significant variation in the total flavonoid contents in the leaf samples collected at different periods (June, July, August, and September), with the highest content in August (60.11 ± 0.38 mg RE/g DW for A. venetum and 56.56 ± 0.24 mg RE/g DW for A. hendersonii), and the lowest in June (22.36 ± 0.05 mg RE/g DW for A. venetum and 20.79 ± 0.02 mg RE/g DW for A. hendersonii). The total flavonoid content was comparably higher in A. venetum than in A. hendersonii. Leaves extracts from the two species demonstrated strong bioactivity, which positively correlated with the total flavonoid contents. The anti-oxidative activity of A. venetum was higher than that of A. hendersonii in tandem with its higher flavonoid contents; the antibacterial activity, however, was conversely opposite. Furthermore, a total of 83 flavonoid metabolites were identified in the two species based on UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, out of which 24 metabolites were differentially accumulated. The variability in these metabolites might be the reason for the different bioactivities displayed by the two species. The present study provides insight into the optimal harvest time for Apocynum species planted in the major distribution area of the Ili River Valley and the specific utilization of A. venetum and A. hendersonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Shao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano P.M.B. 3011, Nigeria
| | - Hanipa Hazaisi
- Ili Agricultural Science Institute, Yining 835100, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410221, China
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Carmela G, Giovanna G. Flavonoids from Plants to Foods: From Green Extraction to Healthy Food Ingredient. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092633. [PMID: 35565984 PMCID: PMC9102910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Kang JS, Zhao XY, Lee JH, Lee JS, Keum YS. Ethanol Extract of Chaenomeles sinensis Inhibits the Development of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Exhibiting Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:42-49. [PMID: 35419308 PMCID: PMC8984646 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaenomeles sinensis is known to inhibit the development and progression of many age-related diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. In the present study, we observed that the ethanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis scavenged 2,2’-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azinobis diammonium radicals in vitro. The ethanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis activated antioxidant response element-luciferase activity and induced expression of NRF2 target genes in HaCaT cells. The ethanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis also suppressed LPS-induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS proteins, and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-2 in RAW264.7 cells. Finally, the ethanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis significantly suppressed testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in mice. Together, our study provides the evidence that the ethanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis inhibits the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia by exhibiting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Su Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Xin Yi Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology and Functional Foods, College of Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Sunchang Research Institute of Health and Longevity, Sunchang, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Functional Foods, College of Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Sam Keum
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
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