1
|
Castro-Vargas C, Oakeshott JG, Yeap HL, Lacey MJ, Lee SF, Park SJ, Taylor PW, Pandey G. Differential pheromone profile as a contributor to premating isolation between two sympatric sibling fruit fly species. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38913610 PMCID: PMC11195474 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) and Bactrocera neohumeralis (Hardy) are sibling fruit fly species that are sympatric over much of their ranges. Premating isolation of these close relatives is thought to be maintained in part by allochrony-mating activity in B. tryoni peaks at dusk, whereas in B. neohumeralis, it peaks earlier in the day. To ascertain whether differences in pheromone composition may also contribute to premating isolation between them, this study used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize the rectal gland volatiles of a recently collected and a more domesticated strain of each species. These glands are typical production sites and reservoirs of pheromones in bactrocerans. A total of 120 peaks were detected and 50 were identified. Differences were found in the composition of the rectal gland emissions between the sexes, species, and recently collected versus domesticated strains of each species. The compositional variation included several presence/absence and many quantitative differences. Species and strain differences in males included several relatively small alcohols, esters, and aliphatic amides. Species and strain differences in females also included some of the amides but additionally involved many fatty acid esters and 3 spiroacetals. While the strain differences indicate there is also heritable variation in rectal gland emissions within each species, the species differences imply that compositional differences in pheromones emitted from rectal glands could contribute to the premating isolation between B. tryoni and B. neohumeralis. The changes during domestication could also have significant implications for the efficacy of Sterile Insect Technique control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Castro-Vargas
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - John Graham Oakeshott
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Heng Lin Yeap
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Lacey
- National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Siu Fai Lee
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Soo Jean Park
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Warren Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ai S, Xing S, Zhong G, Yi X. Female semiochemicals stimulate male courtship but dampen female sexual receptivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311166120. [PMID: 38011549 PMCID: PMC10710021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication plays a vital role in mate attraction and discrimination among many insect species. Here, we document a unique example of semiochemical parsimony, where four chemicals act as both aphrodisiacs and anti-aphrodisiacs in different contexts in Bactrocera dorsalis. Specifically, we identified four female-specific semiochemicals, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl cis-9-hexadecenoate, and ethyl palmitate, which serve as aphrodisiacs to attract male flies and arouse male courtship. Interestingly, these semiochemicals, when sexually transferred to males during mating, can function as anti-aphrodisiacs, inhibiting the receptivity of subsequent female mates. We further showed that the expression of elongase11, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of these semiochemicals, is under the control of doublesex, facilitating the exclusive biosynthesis of these four semiochemicals in females and guaranteeing effective chemical communication. The dual roles of these semiochemicals not only ensure the attractiveness of mature females but also provide a simple yet reliable mechanism for female mate discrimination. These findings provide insights into chemical communication in B. dorsalis and add elements for the design of pest control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Shupei Ai
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Shuyuan Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Xin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caselli A, Favaro R, Petacchi R, Valicenti M, Angeli S. The Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Dasineura Oleae Show Differences Between Sex, Adult Age and Mating Status. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:369-383. [PMID: 37093418 PMCID: PMC10611616 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In insects, cuticular lipids prevent water loss and act as semiochemicals. Because of their ecological function, the profile change across the insects' sex and development offers insight into insect biology and possible tools for pest management. Here, the first work on cecidomyiid cuticular extracts is proposed considering Dasineura oleae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) males and females at different adult ages (0-12 h, 12-24 h, 24-36 h) and distinct sexual conditions (virgin and mated). A set of 49 compounds were recorded (12 alkanes, 1 monomethyl alkane, 11 fatty acids, 4 esters, 1 aldehyde, 1 allylbenzene, 1 amine, 1 flavonoid, 1 ketone, 1 phenol, 1 steradiene, 1 sterol, 1 terpene, 1 triterpene and 11 unknown compounds), and 18 of them showed significant differences between groups. Among alkanes, hexacosane (nC26) exhibited a decreasing trend from the youngest to the oldest females, while pentacosane (nC25) and nonacosane (nC29) showed a decreasing trend from 0 to 12 h to 12-24 h virgin females. In addition, nonadecane (nC19) was significantly more abundant in the youngest males compared to older males and females. The alkanes nC25, nC26 and nC29 have been reported to be age-related also in other dipterans, while nC19 has been described as gender-specific chemical cue for platygastrid parasitoids. Further behavioural trials and analyses are required to assign the specific ecological roles to the characterized compounds. Our results may contribute to develop new low-impact control strategies relying on the manipulation of D. oleae's chemical communication (e.g. disruption of mating or species recognition). HIGHLIGHTS: • Cuticular hydrocarbons are often involved in dipteran intraspecific communication. • We explored the cuticular profile of D. oleae at different age, sex, mating condition. • Five alkanes and one mono-methyl alkane showed differences among groups. • Linoleic acid is the most abundant compound in virgins, absent in mated insects. • Eleven compounds disappear in mated insects, but were present in all virgins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caselli
- Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Favaro
- Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Ruggero Petacchi
- Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Marta Valicenti
- Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shang Y, Yang F, Ngando FJ, Zhang X, Feng Y, Ren L, Guo Y. Development of Forensically Important Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Intra-Puparial Age Estimation Utilizing Multiple Methods at Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101607. [PMID: 37238037 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) has the potential to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). Development data and intra-puparial age estimation are significant for PMImin estimation. Previous research has focused on constant temperatures, although fluctuating temperatures are a more real scenario at a crime scene. The current study examined the growth patterns of S. peregrina under constant (25.75 °C) and fluctuating temperatures (18-36 °C; 22-30 °C). Furthermore, differentially expressed genes, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and cuticular hydrocarbons of S. peregrina during the intra-puparial period were used to estimate age. The results indicated that S. peregrina at fluctuating temperatures took longer to develop and had a lower pupariation rate, eclosion rate, and pupal weight than the group at constant temperatures did. Moreover, we found that six DEG expression profiles and ATR-FTIR technology, CHCs detection methods, and chemometrics can potentially estimate the intra-puparial age of S. peregrina at both constant and fluctuating temperatures. The findings of the study support the use of S. peregrina for PMImin estimation and encourage the use of entomological evidence in forensic practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fengqin Yang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fernand Jocelin Ngando
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yakai Feng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Bai Y, Ngando FJ, Qu H, Shang Y, Ren L, Guo Y. Predicting the Weathering Time by the Empty Puparium of Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) with the ANN Models. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13090808. [PMID: 36135509 PMCID: PMC9502838 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Empty puparium are frequently collected at crime scenes and may provide valuable evidence in cases with a long postmortem interval (PMI). Here, we collected the puparium of Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) for 120 days at three temperatures (10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C) with the aim to estimate the weathering time of empty puparium. The CHC profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The partial least squares (PLS), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to estimate the weathering time. This identified 49 CHCs with a carbon chain length between 10 and 33 in empty puparium. The three models demonstrate that the variation tendency of hydrocarbon could be used to estimate the weathering time, while the ANN models show the best predictive ability among these three models. This work indicated that puparial hydrocarbon weathering has certain regularity with weathering time and can gain insight into estimating PMI in forensic investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fernand Jocelin Ngando
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongke Qu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Shang Y, Ren L, Qu H, Zhu G, Guo Y. A Study of Cuticular Hydrocarbons of All Life Stages in Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:108-119. [PMID: 34668022 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), a synanthropic flesh fly species found in different parts of the world, is of medical and forensic importance. Traditional methods of inferring developmental age rely on the life stage of insects and morphological changes. However, once the larvae reach the pupal and adult stage, morphological changes would become barely visible, so that the classic method would be invalid. Here, we studied the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of S. peregrina of the whole life cycle from larval stage to adult stage by GC-MS. Sixty-three compounds with carbon chain length ranging from 8 to 36 were detected, which could be categorized into four classes: n-alkanes, branched alkanes, alkenes, and unknowns. As developmental increased, branched alkanes dominant, and the content of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons is variable, especially for 2-methyl C19, DiMethyl C21, docosane (C22), and tricosane (C23). This study shows that the composition of CHC could be used to determine the developmental age of S. peregrina and aid in postmortem interval estimations in forensic science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongke Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xia Y, Wang X, Sun H, Huang X. Proton-coupled electron transfer of catechin in tea wine: the enhanced mechanism of anti-oxidative capacity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39985-39993. [PMID: 35494161 PMCID: PMC9044537 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea wine is a Chinese traditional alcoholic drink made by cereal and tea leaves. It is rich in tea polyphenols, caffeine, amino acids, and protons and possesses various healthcare functions. In this work, electrochemical methods, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were adopted to reveal the proton-coupled electron-transfer process of catechin in tea wine. The electrochemical results showed that the catechin preferred hydrogen-bonding with ethanol and formed molecular clusters. Thus, the direct electron-transfer process of catechin changed to proton-coupled electron transfer. This procedure reduced the energy barrier of the redox reaction and enhanced the anti-oxidative capacity. Subsequently, DFT calculations were employed to explore the bond length, bond energy, and HOMO-LUMO energy gap of catechin, which confirmed the above-mentioned mechanism. Our work offers some positive value for the scientific promotion of traditional food and a greater understanding of the health mechanisms in terms of chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Xia
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University Shaoyang 422000 China
| | - Xintong Wang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University Shaoyang 422000 China
| | - Hechen Sun
- Shanxian Central Hospital Heze 274300 China
| | - Ximing Huang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University Shaoyang 422000 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scolari F, Valerio F, Benelli G, Papadopoulos NT, Vaníčková L. Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050408. [PMID: 33946603 PMCID: PMC8147262 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Dipteran family Tephritidae (true fruit flies) comprises more than 5000 species classified in 500 genera distributed worldwide. Tephritidae include devastating agricultural pests and highly invasive species whose spread is currently facilitated by globalization, international trade and human mobility. The ability to identify and exploit a wide range of host plants for oviposition, as well as effective and diversified reproductive strategies, are among the key features supporting tephritid biological success. Intraspecific communication involves the exchange of a complex set of sensory cues that are species- and sex-specific. Chemical signals, which are standing out in tephritid communication, comprise long-distance pheromones emitted by one or both sexes, cuticular hydrocarbons with limited volatility deposited on the surrounding substrate or on the insect body regulating medium- to short-distance communication, and host-marking compounds deposited on the fruit after oviposition. In this review, the current knowledge on tephritid chemical communication was analysed with a special emphasis on fruit fly pest species belonging to the Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, and Rhagoletis genera. The multidisciplinary approaches adopted for characterising tephritid semiochemicals, and the real-world applications and challenges for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and biological control strategies are critically discussed. Future perspectives for targeted research on fruit fly chemical communication are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.)
| | - Federica Valerio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou st., N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece;
| | - Lucie Vaníčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.)
| |
Collapse
|