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Kumar TK, Siva B, Kiranmai B, Alli VJ, Jadav SS, Reddy AM, Boustie J, Le Devehat F, Tiwari AK, Suresh Babu K. Salazinic Acid and Norlobaridone from the Lichen Hypotrachyna cirrhata: Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:7840. [PMID: 38067568 PMCID: PMC10708527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was intended for the identification of secondary metabolites in acetone extract of the lichen Hypotrachyna cirrhata using UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS and the detection of bioactive compounds. This study led to the identification of 22 metabolites based on their MS/MS spectra, accurate molecular masses, molecular formula from a comparison of the literature database (DNP), and fragmentation patterns. In addition, potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of acetone extract of H. cirrhata motivated us to isolate 10 metabolites, which were characterized as salazinic acid (11), norlobaridone (12), atranorin (13), lecanoric acid (14), lichesterinic acid (15), protolichesterinic acid (16), methyl hematommate (17), iso-rhizonic acid (18), atranol (19), and methylatratate (20) based on their spectral data. All these isolates were assessed for their free radicals scavenging, radical-induced DNA damage, and intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The results indicated that norlobaridone (12), lecanoric acid (14), methyl hematommate (17), and atranol (19) showed potent antioxidant activity, while depsidones (salazinic acid (11), norlobaridone (12)) and a monophenolic compound (iso-rhizonic acid, (18)) displayed significant intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (p < 0.001), which is comparable to standard acarbose. These results were further correlated with molecular docking studies, which indicated that the alkyl chain of norlobaridione (12) is hooked into the finger-like cavity of the allosteric pocket; moreover, it also established Van der Waals interactions with hydrophobic residues of the allosteric pocket. Thus, the potency of norlobaridone to inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme might be associated with its allosteric binding. Also, MM-GBSA (Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area) binding free energies of salazinic acid (11) and norlobaridone (12) were superior to acarbose and may have contributed to their high activity compared to acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatapudi Kiran Kumar
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; (T.K.K.); (B.S.); (B.K.); (V.J.A.); (S.S.J.); (A.K.T.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; (T.K.K.); (B.S.); (B.K.); (V.J.A.); (S.S.J.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Basani Kiranmai
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; (T.K.K.); (B.S.); (B.K.); (V.J.A.); (S.S.J.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Vidya Jyothi Alli
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; (T.K.K.); (B.S.); (B.K.); (V.J.A.); (S.S.J.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; (T.K.K.); (B.S.); (B.K.); (V.J.A.); (S.S.J.); (A.K.T.)
| | | | - Joël Boustie
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique), ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Françoise Le Devehat
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique), ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; (T.K.K.); (B.S.); (B.K.); (V.J.A.); (S.S.J.); (A.K.T.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; (T.K.K.); (B.S.); (B.K.); (V.J.A.); (S.S.J.); (A.K.T.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Fang J, Mamut R, Wang L, Anwar G. De novo mitochondrial genome sequencing of Cladonia subulata and phylogenetic analysis with other dissimilar species. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285818. [PMID: 37220163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Cladonia subulata (L.) FH Wigg was sequenced and assembled and then compared with those of other Cladonia species. The mitogenome of Cladonia subulata, the type species of Cladonia, consisted of a circular DNA molecule of 58,895 bp 44 genes (15 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 27 tRNA genes). The base composition had shown an obvious AT preference, and all 27 tRNA genes formed a typical clover structure. Comparison with other 7 Cladonia species indicated that the duplication/loss of tRNAs had occurred during evolution, and introns appeared to explain the variation in cox1 genes in Cladonia, the mitochondrial genome tends to be generally conservative and local dynamic changes. Repeat sequences were mainly located in gene intervals, which were mainly distributed among intergenic spacers and may cause rearrangement of the mitogenome. The phylogenetic results showed that Cladonia subulata and C. polycarpoides were assigned to the Cladonia Subclade. The results add to the available mitochondrial genome sequence information of Cladonia subulata, provide basic data for the systematic development, resource protection, and genetic diversity research in Cladonia subulata, and also provide theoretical support for further genomic research of lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Fang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Reyim Mamut
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gulmira Anwar
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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Maulidiyah M, Rachman F, Mulkiyan LOMZ, Natsir M, Nohong N, Darmawan A, Salim LOA, Nurdin M. Antioxidant Activity of Usnic Acid Compound from Methanol Extract of Lichen Usnea sp. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:179-188. [PMID: 36631103 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen Usnea sp. is one of the sources of natural bioactive compounds which are currently being developed as medicinal ingredients. The purpose of this study was the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from methanol extract, toxicity test and antioxidant activity of Usnea sp. Lichen was isolated by maceration using methanol solvent, then separated by liquid-liquid partition and separation using vacuum chromatography. Based on the results of the study, NMR-1D spectral data and FTIR spectrum is the presence of functional groups showed the presence of F15 compound is usnic acid consisting of 18 carbons with 3 carbons from the C=O carbonyl group. The results of the toxicity test showed that all of them were active against Artemia salina L. shrimp larvae with LC50 values of 0.820 µg/mL (Usnea sp.), 1.030 µg/mL (n-hexane), 1.056 µg/mL (ethyl acetate), and 1.236 µg/mL (methanol extract). The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the inhibitory activity of usnic acid isolate was very active with an IC50 value of 11.696 µg/mL. Meanwhile, methanol extracts and ethyl acetate showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 18.098 and 26.917 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | - Faradillah Rachman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | | | - Muhammad Natsir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | - Nohong Nohong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | - Akhmad Darmawan
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
| | - La Ode Agus Salim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Technology and Health, Institut Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan (ISTEK)
| | - Muhammad Nurdin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
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Kiliç Yayla S, Kocakaya Z, Karatoprak GŞ, İlgün S, Ceylan A. Analyzing the Impact of Ramalina digitellata, R. fastigiata, R. fraxinea, and R. polymorpha's Usnic Acid Concentration on Antioxidant, DNA-Protective, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Properties. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200816. [PMID: 36482033 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study is focused on the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and DNA protective effects of methanol extract obtained from R. digitellata, R. fastigiata, R. fraxinea, and R. polymorpha species that are distributed in Turkey. The highest total phenol content was determined in R. digitellata (144.6 mgGAE/gextract ), and the highest total amount of flavonoids was found in R. fastigiata (20.40 mgGAE/gextract ). The content of usnic acid was determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the highest amount was found in R. digitellata. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzathiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging methods were used for antioxidant activity. R. fraxinea showed the highest DPPH⋅ and ABTS+ ⋅ scavenging activity. In addition, the DNA protective effect was investigated using pBR322 plasmid DNA, and; all studied species were found to have DNA protective effects. The antibacterial activity was investigated using the disc diffusion method, and the R. digitellata methanol extract showed the best results with a 12.35 mm zone on Proteus mirabilis. On the human lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines, cytotoxic activity was assessed using an MTT assay. All lichen extracts were found to have a significant cytotoxic effect on both cancer cell lines at 1000 μg/mL concentration. These results suggest that Ramalina species may be potential candidates for developing new phytopharmaceuticals and functional components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zekiye Kocakaya
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Safiye Çıkrıkçıoğlu Vocational School, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Metabolomic Profiling, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties and Molecular Docking Analysis of Antarctic Lichens. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228086. [PMID: 36432187 PMCID: PMC9692326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The lichen species Lecania brialmontii, Pseudephebe pubescens, and Sphaerophorus globosus are part of the prominent lichenoflora of the Antarctic territory. In this work, we report the metabolomic identification of ethanolic extracts of these species, their antioxidant and cholinesterase enzyme inhibitory activity, and conduct a molecular docking analysis with typical compounds. Eighteen compounds were identified by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in L. brialmontii, 18 compounds in P. pubescens, and 14 compounds in S. globosus. The content of phenolic compounds was variable among the species, ranging from 0.279 to 2.821 mg AG/g, and all three species showed high inhibition potential on the cholinesterase enzymes. Molecular docking showed important interactions between AChE and BChE with the selected compounds. This study evidences the chemical fingerprint of three species of the order Lecanorales that support the continuation of the study of other biological activities and their potential for medical research.
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Furmanek Ł, Czarnota P, Seaward MRD. A review of the potential of lichen substances as antifungal agents: the effects of extracts and lichen secondary metabolites on Fusarium fungi. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:523. [PMID: 35881248 PMCID: PMC9325835 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis provides literature data on the effect of lichen extracts and single secondary metabolites used against Fusarium spp. moulds. Lichen extracts were obtained from 51 corticolous, 17 terricolous and 18 saxicolous lichen species and 37 secondary compounds were tested against eight fungal species, i.e., Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum, F. roseum, F. solani and F. udum. The researchers used several test methods, mostly to determine MIC and IZ. Extracts were obtained using several solvents, mainly organic ones with use of the Soxhlet apparatus. The most frequently tested species was F. oxysporum, against which lichen substances from Alectoria sarmentosa, Cladonia mitis, C. rangiferina, Flavoparmelia caperata, Hypotrachyna cirrhata, Leucodermia leucomelos, Parmotrema austrosinense, P. reticulatum, Physcia aipolia, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Roccella montagnei and Umbilicaria nylanderiana and secondary metabolites such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid, atranorin, lecanoric and (+)-usnic acids showed the highest antifungal potential. These agencies could compete with the potential of fungicides, such as flucytosine and fluconazole. Other species have been poorly investigated. Statistical analysis of literature data showed that the fungistatic potential of lichen extracts is significantly different from individual secondary metabolites. Similarly, the potential of secondary metabolites often differs significantly from that of non-lichen substances. This meta-analysis indicates the potential of lichen substances as future anti-fusarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Furmanek
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszów, ul. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Czarnota
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszów, ul. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mark R D Seaward
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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Grudzińska M, Paśko P, Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Podolak I, Galanty A. Antimelanoma Potential of Cladonia mitis Acetone Extracts - Comparative in Vitro Studies in Relation to Usnic Acid Content. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200408. [PMID: 35652525 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the cytotoxic activity of acetone extracts of Cladonia mitis was assessed with respect to the content of usnic acid, a secondary metabolite commonly present in this species. Following quantitative HPLC analysis of the extracts, usnic acid was isolated by preparative chromatography. The study of cytotoxic activity was performed using the MTT test on three melanoma cell lines - HTB140, A375 and WM793. The selectivity of action was also assessed by comparing the effect towards normal human keratinocytes HaCaT. The results showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity of the extracts tested and usnic acid itself, but no relationship was found between the content of usnic acid and the activity of the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts showed varied, but rather low anti-tyrosinase activity. Other in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to demonstrate that C. mitis extracts may be useful in the adjuvant external treatment of skin melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grudzińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Shcherbakova A, Strömstedt AA, Göransson U, Gnezdilov O, Turanov A, Boldbaatar D, Kochkin D, Ulrich-Merzenich G, Koptina A. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Evernia prunastri extracts and their isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:129. [PMID: 34232401 PMCID: PMC8263414 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed by a fungus and one or more photosynthetic partners which are usually alga or cyanobacterium. Their diverse and scarcely studied metabolites facilitate adaptability to extreme living conditions. We investigated Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., a widely distributed lichen, for its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. E. prunastri was sequentially extracted by hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM) and acetonitrile (ACN) that were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial (against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) activities. The Hex extract possessed the highest antioxidant capacity (87 mg ascorbic acid/g extract) corresponding to the highest content of phenols (73 mg gallic acid/g extract). The DCM and Hex extracts were both active against S. aureus (MICs of 4 and 21 µg/ml, respectively) but were less active against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. The ACN extract exhibited activity on both S. aureus (MIC 14 µg/ml) and C. albicans (MIC 38 µg/ml) and was therefore further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography. The active compound of the most potent fraction was subsequently characterized by 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and identified as evernic acid. Structural similarity analyses were performed between compounds from E. prunastri and known antibiotics from different classes. The structural similarity was not present. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of E. prunastri extracts originate from multiple chemical compounds; besides usnic acid, most notably evernic acid and derivatives thereof. Evernic acid and its derivatives represent possible candidates for a new class of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shcherbakova
- Volga State University of Technology, Lenin Sq., 3, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia, 424000
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Clinic III, AG Synergy Research and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - A A Strömstedt
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Göransson
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - O Gnezdilov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sibirsky Tract, 10/7, Kazan, Russia, 420029
| | - A Turanov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sibirsky Tract, 10/7, Kazan, Russia, 420029
| | - D Boldbaatar
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
- The Liver Center, Dalai Tower, Unesco Street 31, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, 14230, Mongolia
| | - D Kochkin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - G Ulrich-Merzenich
- Medical Clinic III, AG Synergy Research and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Koptina
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dar TUH, Dar SA, Islam SU, Mangral ZA, Dar R, Singh BP, Verma P, Haque S. Lichens as a repository of bioactive compounds: an open window for green therapy against diverse cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1120-1137. [PMID: 34052413 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichens, algae and fungi-based symbiotic associations, are sources of many important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. Wide range of experiments based on in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that lichens are a rich treasure of anti-cancer compounds. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen compounds can interact with all biological entities currently identified to be responsible for tumor development. The critical ways to control the cancer development include induction of cell cycle arrests, blocking communication of growth factors, activation of anti-tumor immunity, inhibition of tumor-friendly inflammation, inhibition of tumor metastasis, and suppressing chromosome dysfunction. Also, lichen-based compounds induce the killing of cells by the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, that inturn positively modulates metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. Many lichen-based compounds have proven to possess potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with other anti-cancer compounds. This review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of the repository of secondary metabolites reported in lichens. Besides, we discuss the anti-cancer potential and possible mechanism of the most frequently reported secondary metabolites derived from lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahid Ahmed Mangral
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Studzińska-Sroka E, Majchrzak-Celińska A, Zalewski P, Szwajgier D, Baranowska-Wójcik E, Żarowski M, Plech T, Cielecka-Piontek J. Permeability of Hypogymnia physodes Extract Component-Physodic Acid through the Blood-Brain Barrier as an Important Argument for Its Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activity within the Central Nervous System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071717. [PMID: 33916370 PMCID: PMC8038629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including tumors such as glioblastomas and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, are some of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and neuroprotective activity of the extract from a common European lichen Hypogymnia physodes and of its compound-physodic acid. The examined substances were cytotoxic against the glioblastoma cell lines A-172, T98G, and U-138 MG. Both substances strongly inhibited hyaluronidase, and diminished cyclooxygenase-2 activity (H. physodes extract), enzymes expressed in patients with malignant glioma. Furthermore, H. physodes extract inhibited tyrosinase activity, the enzyme linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The tested substances exhibited antioxidant activity, however, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity were not high. We proved that physodic acid can cross the blood–brain barrier. We conclude that physodic acid and H. physodes extract should be regarded as promising agents with anticancer, chemopreventive, and neuroprotective activities, especially concerning CNS. Abstract Lichen secondary metabolites are characterized by huge pharmacological potential. Our research focused on assessing the anticancer and neuroprotective activity of Hypogymnia physodes acetone extract (HP extract) and physodic acid, its major component. The antitumor properties were evaluated by cytotoxicity analysis using A-172, T98G, and U-138 MG glioblastoma cell lines and by hyaluronidase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition. The neuroprotective potential was examined using COX-2, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity tests. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of the tested substances was examined, and the chemical composition of the extract was analyzed. For physodic acid, the permeability through the blood–brain barrier using Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay for the Blood–Brain Barrier assay (PAMPA-BBB) was assessed. Our study shows that the tested substances strongly inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation and hyaluronidase activity. Besides, HP extract diminished COX-2 and tyrosinase activity. However, the AChE and BChE inhibitory activity of HP extract and physodic acid were mild. The examined substances exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Importantly, we proved that physodic acid crosses the blood–brain barrier. We conclude that physodic acid and H. physodes should be regarded as promising agents with anticancer, chemopreventive, and neuroprotective activities, especially regarding the central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.Z.); (J.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.Z.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Str, 20‐704 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.B.-W.)
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Str, 20‐704 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.B.-W.)
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49 Str, 60-355 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Str, Lublin, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.Z.); (J.C.-P.)
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Aoussar N, Achmit M, Es-Sadeqy Y, Vasiljević P, Rhallabi N, Ait Mhand R, Zerouali K, Manojlović N, Mellouki F. Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antistaphylococcal activities of Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. and Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. from Morocco. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2887-2894. [PMID: 33754163 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to assess chemical composition, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from catheter-associated infections and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of three lichens collected from Morocco. The phytochemical analysis of the methanol extracts of these lichens was performed by HPLC-UV method, the predominant phenolic compounds were evernic acid, physodalic acid and usnic acid for Evernia prunastri, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Ramalina farinacea, respectively. Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content of all extracts were also determined. As a result, Pseudevernia furfuracea extract had the strongest effect and the highest phenolic compounds content. All extracts showed antibacterial activity against all tested strains (MIC values ranging from 0.078 to 0.625 mg/mL), the strongest inhibition was obtained with the extract of Evernia prunastri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Aoussar
- RU Microbiology, Hygiene and Bioactive Molecules, LVMQB/EB, University Hassan II Casablanca, FSTM, P.O. Box 146, 20650, Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Achmit
- RU Microbiology, Hygiene and Bioactive Molecules, LVMQB/EB, University Hassan II Casablanca, FSTM, P.O. Box 146, 20650, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Youness Es-Sadeqy
- RU Microbiology, Hygiene and Bioactive Molecules, LVMQB/EB, University Hassan II Casablanca, FSTM, P.O. Box 146, 20650, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Perica Vasiljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, 18000, Nis, Serbia
| | - Naima Rhallabi
- RU Microbiology, Hygiene and Bioactive Molecules, LVMQB/EB, University Hassan II Casablanca, FSTM, P.O. Box 146, 20650, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Rajaa Ait Mhand
- RU Microbiology, Hygiene and Bioactive Molecules, LVMQB/EB, University Hassan II Casablanca, FSTM, P.O. Box 146, 20650, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zerouali
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Virology and Hygiene, IbnRochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nedeljko Manojlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Fouad Mellouki
- RU Microbiology, Hygiene and Bioactive Molecules, LVMQB/EB, University Hassan II Casablanca, FSTM, P.O. Box 146, 20650, Mohammedia, Morocco
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12
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Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Using FTIR and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS of Two Curculigo Species and Evaluation of their Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010042. [PMID: 33430143 PMCID: PMC7827591 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Curculigo orchioides and C. latifolia have been used as traditional medicines such as antidiabetic and anticancer. This study measured the total phenolics and flavonoid contents as well as analyzed the functional groups and chemical compounds using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS profiling for the discrimination of plant parts, geographical origin, and compounds that presumably have a significant contribution as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors on both plants. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents in Curculigo species varied from 142.09 to 452.47 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g) and from 0.82 to 5.44 mg quercetin equivalent (QE/g), respectively. The lowest IC50 for antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities is presented by C. latifolia from a higher altitude region. Principal component analysis (PCA) from FTIR and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS data could discriminate the plant parts and geographical origin. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis has identified several functional groups, such as O–H, C–H, C=O, C–C, C–O, and chemical compounds, unknown-185 and unknown-85, that are most likely to contribute to the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
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