1
|
Zeng J, Deng Q, Chen Z, Yan S, Dong Q, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Li L, He Y, Shi J. Recent development of VEGFR small molecule inhibitors as anticancer agents: A patent review (2021-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107278. [PMID: 38484586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
VEGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is an important regulatory factor that promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability. It plays a significant role in processes such as tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. VEGFR is mainly composed of three subtypes: VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. Among them, VEGFR-2 is the crucial signaling receptor for VEGF, which is involved in various pathological and physiological functions. At present, VEGFR-2 is closely related to a variety of cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Hepatocellular carcinoma, Renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, glioma, etc. Consequently, VEGFR-2 serves as a crucial target for various cancer treatments. An increasing number of VEGFR inhibitors have been discovered to treat cancer, and they have achieved tremendous success in the clinic. Nevertheless, VEGFR inhibitors often exhibit severe cytotoxicity, resistance, and limitations in indications, which weaken the clinical therapeutic effect. In recent years, many small molecule inhibitors targeting VEGFR have been identified with anti-drug resistance, lower cytotoxicity, and better affinity. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and physiological functions of VEGFR, as well as some VEGFR inhibitors currently in clinical use. Also, we summarize the in vivo and in vitro activities, selectivity, structure-activity relationship, and therapeutic or preventive use of VEGFR small molecule inhibitors reported in patents in the past three years (2021-2023), thereby presenting the prospects and insights for the future development of targeted VEGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science, DaZhou 635000, China
| | - Qin Dong
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Yuxin He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alghamdi AH, Ahmed AA, Abdalgadir H, Bashir M, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Elzubier ME, Adnan Almaimani R, Refaat B, Alzahrani K, Alghamdi SM, Gul S. In-vitro Cytotoxicity Investigations for Phytoconstituents of Saudi Medicinal Plants With Putative Ocular Effects. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241256649. [PMID: 38819027 PMCID: PMC11143859 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241256649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic secondary ocular tumors spread from systemic malignancies, including breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of extracts from 5 medicinal plants native to Saudi Arabia. METHODS For preliminary activity screening, cytotoxicity using the MTT assay and selectivity index determinations were made for medicinal plant extracts against various cancer cell-lines. The most promising extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine the phytochemical composition. Clonogenic assays were performed using the most promising extract to confirm the initial results. Finally, western blot analysis was used to determine the modulation in expression of survivin and P27 suppressor genes in the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell-line to understand the potential mechanistic properties of the active plant extract. RESULTS The 5 plant extracts showed various cytotoxic activity levels using IC50. The most active extract was found to be the leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) against the MCF7 breast cancer cell-line (IC50 = 3.61 ± 0.99 μg/ml) and selectivity index of 1.17 compared to the normal human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells. BEP-07 extract showed a dose dependent clonogenic effect against the MCF7 colonies which was comparable with the effect of doxorubicin. BEP-07 extract caused a significant decrease of survivin and increase in P27 expression compared to control GAPDH at its highest dose (14 µg/ml). The GC-MS chromatogram of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) revealed the existence of 145 compounds, belonging to the diverse classes of phytoconstituents. Fatty acids and their derivatives represent 15.4%, whilst octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester was the principal component (7.9%) detected. CONCLUSION Leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect particularly against breast cancer cells. It exhibited this effect through survivin inhibition and via P27 upregulation. The detected phytoconstituents in the plant extract might be involved in tested cytotoxic activity, while further investigations are required to complete the drug candidate profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimun A.E. Ahmed
- Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shawky AM, Almalki FA, Abdalla AN, Youssif BGM, Abdel-Fattah MM, Hersi F, El-Sherief HAM, Ibrahim NA, Gouda AM. Discovery and optimization of 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one-based derivatives as potent and selective cytotoxic agents with anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115712. [PMID: 37567059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the potential therapeutic outcomes of combining selective COX-2 inhibitors with tubulin-targeting anticancer agents. In the current study, a novel series of thiazolidin-4-one-based derivatives (7a-q) was designed by merging the pharmacophoric features of some COXs inhibitors and tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Compounds 7a-q were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against MCF7, HT29, and A2780 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 0.02-17.02 μM). The cytotoxicity of 7a-q was also assessed against normal MRC5 cells (IC50 = 0.47-13.46 μM). Compounds 7c, 7i, and 7j, the most active in the MTT assay, significantly reduced the number of HT29 colonies compared to the control. Compounds 7c, 7i, and 7j also induced significant decreases in the tumor volumes and masses in Ehrlich solid carcinoma-bearing mice compared to the control. The three compounds also exhibited significant anti-HT29 migration activity in the wound-healing assay. They have also induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells at the S and G2/M phases. In addition, they induced significant increases in both early and late apoptotic events in HT29 cells compared to the control, where 7j showed the highest effect. On the other hand, compound 7j (1 μM) displayed weak inhibitory activity against tubulin polymerization compared to colchicine (3 μM). On the other hand, compounds 7a-q inhibited the activity of COX-2 (IC50 = 0.42-29.11 μM) compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 0.86 μM). In addition, 7c, 7i, and 7j showed moderate inhibition of inflammation in rats compared to indomethacin, with better GIT safety profiles. Molecular docking analysis revealed that 7c, 7i, and 7j have higher binding free energies towards COX-2 than COX-1. These above results suggested that 7j could serve as a potential anticancer drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, 2404, Sudan
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Fatima Hersi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A M El-Sherief
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nashwa A Ibrahim
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Gouda
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen S, Li L. Degradation strategy of cyclin D1 in cancer cells and the potential clinical application. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949688. [PMID: 36059670 PMCID: PMC9434365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 has been reported to be upregulated in several solid and hematologic tumors, promoting cancer progression. Thus, decreasing cyclin D1 by degradation could be a promising target strategy for cancer therapy. This mini review summarizes the roles of cyclin D1 in tumorigenesis and progression and its degradation strategies. Besides, we proposed an exploration of the degradation of cyclin D1 by FBX4, an F box protein belonging to the E3 ligase SKP-CUL-F-box (SCF) complex, which mediates substrate ubiquitination, as well as a postulate about the concrete combination mode of FBX4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, we proposed a possible photodynamic therapy strategythat is based on the above concrete combination mode for treating superficial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chen
- The Sixth Student Battalion, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Li,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Robai SA, Zabin SA, Ahmed AA, Mohamed HA, Alghamdi AAA, Ahmed AAE. Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medicinal plants contain phytochemical components of pharmaceutical importance, and Trema orientalis MeOH extracts are believed to have potential antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. This investigation explores the phenolic, antioxidant, and anticancer property of the methanol extracts of aerial parts of T. orientalis. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and the total flavonoid contents (TFC) were determined following standard methods. In vitro antioxidant property was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Cytotoxicity experiments were performed against eight cell lines and one fibroblast cell using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The antimicrobial activity assay was performed using the agar-diffusion method. Individual phenolic acids identified by GC/MS were examined in silico to estimate their drug likeness based on their structures. TPC and TFC were the highest in the leaf extract, with the strongest radical scavenging activity against ABTS (84.43%) and DPPH (79.60%) radicals. The highest cytotoxicity activity was exhibited by leaf (IC50 = 2.256 ± 0.85 μg/mL) and twig (2.704 ± 1.31 μg/mL) extracts against the HCT116 cell line, followed by bark (3.653 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and leaf (3.725 ± 0.30 μg/mL) extracts against the HT29 cell line. Clonogenicity resulted in a clear decrease of colony formation by HCT116 cells, suggesting a dose-dependent mode. In silico investigation suggested that phenolic acids detected have non-drug-like properties. Extracts showed antimicrobial inactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Asir Al-Robai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Zabin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelazim Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Haidar Abdalgadir Mohamed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research , Khartoum , Sudan
| | | | - Aimun A. E. Ahmed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University , Al-Baha , Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University , Khartoum , Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Said MA, Abdelrahman MA, Abourehab MAS, Fares M, Eldehna WM. A patent review of anticancer CDK2 inhibitors (2017-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:885-898. [PMID: 35583393 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2078193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The success of the CDK4/6 inhibitor Ibrance™ (Palbociclib) as an anticancer agent inspired and directed more efforts towards the discovery of selective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs) inhibitors. CDK2 is a member of the CDKs family that plays an important role in regulating the progression of cells into both S- and M-phases of the cell cycle. Studies suggest that overexpression of CDK2 may be implicated in tumor growth in cancer. AREAS COVERED : This review covers the patent literature of CDK2 inhibitors published between 2017 and 2021. We searched the online databases of the European Patent Office, American Chemical Society, and Google patents. EXPERT OPINION Developing selective CDK2 inhibitors is challenging due to the absence of a previously approved selective CDK2 inhibitor. However, ongoing efforts by Incyte Corporation and Pfizer Inc., which are reported herein, may stand out as a new starting point and bring novel information critical for the medicinal chemistry and drug design scientists in the field of CDK2 inhibitors development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alganem K, Hamoud AR, Creeden JF, Henkel ND, Imami AS, Joyce AW, Ryan V WG, Rethman JB, Shukla R, O'Donovan SM, Meller J, McCullumsmith R. The active kinome: The modern view of how active protein kinase networks fit in biological research. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 62:117-129. [PMID: 34968947 PMCID: PMC9438800 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological regulatory networks are dynamic, intertwined, and complex systems making them challenging to study. While quantitative measurements of transcripts and proteins are key to investigate the state of a biological system, they do not inform the "active" state of regulatory networks. In consideration of that fact, "functional" proteomics assessments are needed to decipher active regulatory processes. Phosphorylation, a key post-translation modification, is a reversible regulatory mechanism that controls the functional state of proteins. Recent advancements of high-throughput protein kinase activity profiling platforms allow for a broad assessment of protein kinase networks in complex biological systems. In conjunction with sophisticated computational modeling techniques, these profiling platforms provide datasets that inform the active state of regulatory systems in disease models and highlight potential drug targets. Taken together, system-wide profiling of protein kinase activity has become a critical component of modern molecular biology research and presents a promising avenue for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Abdul-Rizaq Hamoud
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Justin F Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas D Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ali S Imami
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Alex W Joyce
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - William G Ryan V
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jacob B Rethman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sinead M O'Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L.: Scientific Evidences for Folkloric Uses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6519712. [PMID: 35126602 PMCID: PMC8813244 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6519712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries despite the lack of scientific evidence of their therapeutic effects. This study evaluated the phytochemical and dual biological profiling, namely, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties, of three plant species, namely, Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L., in order to explore potential relationships (if any) with their ethnopharmacological uses. GC-MS was used to achieve phytochemical screening of two plant extracts (T. terrestris and T. domingensis). The primary chemicals detected in varying amounts in both extracts were siloxane derivatives, fatty acid esters, diisooctyl phthalate, phytosterol, and aromatic acid esters. According to the findings, the major component detected in both extracts was 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and diisooctyl ester (antibacterial and antifungal). T. domingensis contained a low level of benzoic acid, methyl ester (antibacterial). Both extracts included stigmasterol and sitosterol, as well as six different forms of fatty acid esters. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, thyroid inhibitor, and anti-inflammatory properties have all been described. Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human ovary adenocarcinoma (A2780), and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), as well as normal human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5), all showed cytotoxic activity. The most potent activity against A2780 cells was seen in T. terrestris and T. domingensis extracts (IC50: 3.69 and 5.87 g/mL, respectively). R. communis was more active against MCF7 cells (1.52 μg/mL) followed by A2780 and HT29 cells, respectively. R. communis showed a dose-dependent clonogenic effect against MCF7 cells. The antibacterial activity of all three plant extracts was tested against three standard Gram-positive, four standard Gram-negative, and two clinical bacterial strains. Among the three extracts examined, T. terrestris was the most effective, followed by R. communis, and finally, T. domingensis plant extract was effective against various isolated bacteria. This study, interestingly, sheds light on the bioactive components found in plant extracts that can be utilized for cytotoxic and antibacterial purposes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdalla AN, Di Stefano M, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Bader A, Vassallo A, Abdallah ME, El-Readi MZ, Refaat B, Algarni AS, Ahmad R, Alkahtani HM, Abdel-Aziz AAM, El-Azab AS, Alqathama A. Co-Inhibition of P-gp and Hsp90 by an Isatin-Derived Compound Contributes to the Increase of the Chemosensitivity of MCF7/ADR-Resistant Cells to Doxorubicin. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010090. [PMID: 35011321 PMCID: PMC8746493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and multi-drug resistant (MDR) disease, which could result in the failure of many chemotherapeutic clinical agents. Discovering effective molecules from natural products or by derivatization from known compounds is the interest of many research studies. The first objective of the present study is to investigate the cytotoxic combinatorial, chemosensitizing, and apoptotic effects of an isatin derived compound (5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione conjugated with 5-substituted isatin, named HAA2021 in the present study) against breast cancer cells (MCF7) and breast cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin (MCF7/ADR) when combined with doxorubicin. The second objective is to investigate the binding mode of HAA2021 withP-glycoprotein (P-gp) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), and to determine whether their co-inhibition by HAA2021 contribute to the increase of the chemosensitization of MCF7/ADR cells to doxorubicin. The combination of HAA2021, at non-toxic doses, with doxorubicin synergistically inhibited the proliferation while inducing significant apoptosis in MCF7 cells. Moreover, HAA2021 increased the chemosensitization of MCF7/ADR cells to doxorubicin, resulting in increased cytotoxicity/selectivity and apoptosis-inducing efficiency compared with the effect of doxorubicin or HAA2021 alone against MCF7/ADR cells. Molecular modeling showed that two molecules of HAA2021 bind to P-gp at the same time, causing P-gp inhibitory effect of the MDR efflux pump, and accumulation of Rhodamine-123 (Rho123) in MCF7/ADR cells. Furthermore, HAA2021 stably interacted with Hsp90α more efficiently compared with 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), which was confirmed with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular modeling studies. Additionally, HAA2021 showed multi-target effects via the inhibition of Hsp90 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-𝜅B) proteins in MCF7 and MCF7/ADR cells. Results of real time-PCR also confirmed the synergistic co-inhibition of P-gp/Hsp90α genes in MCF7/ADR cells. Further pharmacokinetic and in vivo studies are warranted for HAA2021 to confirm its anticancer capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N. Abdalla
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (A.S.A.); (A.A.)
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum 2404, Sudan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Ammar Bader
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (A.S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Mohamed E. Abdallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.)
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alanood S. Algarni
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (A.S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.-M.A.-A.); (A.S.E.-A.)
| | - Alaa A.-M. Abdel-Aziz
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.-M.A.-A.); (A.S.E.-A.)
| | - Adel S. El-Azab
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.-M.A.-A.); (A.S.E.-A.)
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (A.S.A.); (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hussein EM, Malik MS, Alsantali RI, Asghar BH, Morad M, Ansari MA, Jamal QMS, Alsimaree AA, Abdalla AN, Algarni AS, Jassas RS, Altass HM, Ahmed SA. Bioactive fluorenes. Part IV: Design, synthesis, and a combined in vitro, in silico anticancer and antibacterial evaluation of new fluorene-heterocyclic sulfonamide conjugates. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Wang M, Li X, Xie W, Zhong L, Leng Y, Chen X, Yang M, Qi L, Zhang Z, Liu L, Tang D. Inhibitory Effect of Lentivirus-Mediated Gag-Caspase-8 on the Growth of HER-2-Overexpressing Primary Human Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 37:720-728. [PMID: 34388026 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Apoptosis plays an essential role in the development and treatment of tumors, and caspase-8 (CASP8) plays an important role in the enzyme cascade reaction that leads to apoptosis. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-overexpressing breast cancer is highly aggressive and has a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. This study investigated whether lentivirus-mediated Gag-CASP8 can effectively deliver activated CASP8 into primary human breast cancer cells overexpressing HER-2 to induce apoptosis and explore the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: HER-2-overexpressing primary human breast cancer cells were infected with lentivirus-like particles carrying Gag-CASP8. Results: After a 48-h infection of primary human breast cancer cells with HER-2 by lentivirus-mediated Gag-CASP8, significant differences were observed in the survival rate, migration ability, S-phase number of cells, apoptosis rate, and intracellular activated CASP8 and caspase-3 levels in tumor cells compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lentivirus-mediated Gag-CASP8 can deliver activated CASP8 into HER-2-overexpressing primary human breast cancer cells and induce apoptosis by activating caspase-3, a downstream apoptotic executive molecule. By blocking the S-phase to inhibit cell proliferation and migration, lentivirus-mediated Gag-CASP8 provides a reference for tumor gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiping Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Zhong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Leng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Mei Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Qi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenda Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Linjian Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
In Silico Approach Using Free Software to Optimize the Antiproliferative Activity and Predict the Potential Mechanism of Action of Pyrrolizine-Based Schiff Bases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134002. [PMID: 34209011 PMCID: PMC8271847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a simple in silico approach using free software was used with the experimental studies to optimize the antiproliferative activity and predict the potential mechanism of action of pyrrolizine-based Schiff bases. A compound library of 288 Schiff bases was designed based on compound 10, and a pharmacophore search was performed. Structural analysis of the top scoring hits and a docking study were used to select the best derivatives for the synthesis. Chemical synthesis and structural elucidation of compounds 16a–h were discussed. The antiproliferative activity of 16a–h was evaluated against three cancer (MCF7, A2780 and HT29, IC50 = 0.01–40.50 μM) and one normal MRC5 (IC50 = 1.27–24.06 μM) cell lines using the MTT assay. The results revealed the highest antiproliferative activity against MCF7 cells for 16g (IC50 = 0.01 μM) with an exceptionally high selectivity index of (SI = 578). Cell cycle analysis of MCF7 cells treated with compound 16g revealed a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. In addition, compound 16g induced a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic events in MCF7 cells compared to the control. In silico target prediction of compound 16g showed six potential targets that could mediate these activities. Molecular docking analysis of compound 16g revealed high binding affinities toward COX-2, MAP P38α, EGFR, and CDK2. The results of the MD simulation revealed low RMSD values and high negative binding free energies for the two complexes formed between compound 16g with EGFR, and CDK2, while COX-2 was in the third order. These results highlighted a great potentiality for 16g to inhibit both CDK2 and EGFR. Taken together, the results mentioned above highlighted compound 16g as a potential anticancer agent.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hassan A, Badr M, Hassan HA, Abdelhamid D, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Novel 4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one bearing thiazoles with antiproliferative activity through VEGFR-2-TK inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116168. [PMID: 33962153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 2-(4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity. All target compounds showed anticancer activity higher than that of their 2-oxo-4-piperazinyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one precursors. Multidose testing of target compounds was performed against breast cancer T-47D cell line. Five compounds showed higher cytotoxic activity than Staurosporine. The dihalogenated derivative showed the best cytotoxic activity with IC50 2.73 ± 0.16 µM. In addition, the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity of all synthetic compounds was evaluated. Two compounds of 6-fluoro-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-ones showed inhibitory activity comparable to sorafenib with IC50 46.83 ± 2.4, 51.09 ± 2.6 and 51.41 ± 2.3 nM, respectively. The cell cycle analysis of two compounds namely, 2-(4-(6-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide and N-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(2-oxo-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)acetamide revealed that the arrest of cell cycle occurred at S phase. In apoptosis assay, the same two compounds were able to induce significant levels of early and late apoptosis. In a similar manner to Sorafenib, docking of target compounds with VEGFR-2 protein 4ASD showed HB with Cys919 in hinge region of enzyme and HB with both Glu885 and Asp1046 in gate area. Using SwissADME, all target compounds were predicted to be highly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract with no BBB permeability. It is clear that the two compounds are promising antiproliferative candidates that require further optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shawky AM, Abdalla AN, Ibrahim NA, Abourehab MAS, Gouda AM. Discovery of new pyrimidopyrrolizine/indolizine-based derivatives as P-glycoprotein inhibitors: Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, and MDR reversal activities. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113403. [PMID: 33823396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1 transporter), which plays an essential role in multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancers, with new cytotoxic agents is a promising strategy in cancer chemotherapy. In the current study, we report the synthesis of thirteen novel pyrimidopyrrolizine, pyrimidoindolizine, and diazepinopyrrolizine derivatives. The new compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities against MCF7, A2780 and HT29 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 0.02-19.58 μM) and MRC5 (IC50 = 0.17-20.57 μM). The six most active compounds (23b, 24a,b and, 31c-e) were evaluated for their MDR reversal activities in MCF7/ADR cells. Mechanistic study using real-time PCR revealed the ability of compound 31c to inhibit P-gp. In addition, compound 31c increased the accumulation of Rho123 inside MCF7/ADR cells in a dose-dependent manner compared to verapamil. Compound 31c arrested the cell cycle of MCF7 cells at the G1 phase. Compound 31c also caused a significant dose-dependent increase of early and late apoptotic events. Molecular docking analysis revealed a high binding affinity for compound 31c toward P-gp. Like zosuquidar, compound 31c displayed one hydrogen bond and several hydrophobic interactions with amino acids in P-gp. These results indicated that compound 31c represents a potential anticancer candidate with MDR reversal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Central Laboratory for Micro-analysis, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Departmentof Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, 2404, Sudan
| | - Nashwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Gouda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chemosensitization of HT29 and HT29-5FU Cell Lines by a Combination of a Multi-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and 5FU Downregulates ABCC1 and Inhibits PIK3CA in Light of Their Importance in Saudi Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020334. [PMID: 33440689 PMCID: PMC7827067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the main causes of death worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. The toxicity and the development of resistance against 5 fluorouracil 5FU pose increasing therapeutic difficulties, which necessitates the development of personalized drugs and drug combinations. Objectives: First, to determine the most important kinases and kinase pathways, and the amount of ABC transporters and KRAS in samples taken from Saudi CRC patients. Second, to investigate the chemosensitizing effect of LY294002 and HAA2020 and their combinations with 5FU on HT29, HT29-5FU, HCT116, and HCT116-5FU CRC cells, their effect on the three ABC transporters, cell cycle, and apoptosis, in light of the important kinase pathways resulting from the first part of this study. Methods: The PamChip® peptide micro-array profiling was used to determine the level of kinase and targets in the Saudi CRC samples. Next, RT-PCR, MTT cytotoxicity, Western blotting, perturbation of cell cycle, annexin V, and immunofluorescence assays were used to investigate the effect on CRC, MRC5, and HUVEC cells. Results: The kinase activity profiling highlighted the importance of the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and the growth factors pathways in the Saudi CRC samples. PIK3CA was the most overexpressed, and it was associated with increased level of mutated KRAS and the three ABC transporters, especially ABCC1 in the Saudi samples. Next, combining HAA2020 with 5FU exhibited the best synergistic and resistance-reversal effect in the four CRC cells, and the highest selectivity indices compared to MRC5 and HUVEC normal cells. Additionally, HAA2020 with 5FU exerted significant inhibition of ABCC1 in the four CRC cells, and inhibition of PIK3CA/AKT/MAPK7/ERK in HT29 and HT29-5FU cells. The combination also inhibited EGFR, increased the preG1/S cell cycle phases, apoptosis, and caspase 8 in HT29 cells, while it increased the G1 phase, p21/p27, and apoptosis in HT29-5FU cells. Conclusion: We have combined the PamChip kinase profiling of Saudi CRC samples with in vitro drug combination studies in four CRC cells, highlighting the importance of targeting PIK3CA and ABCC1 for Saudi CRC patients, especially given that the overexpression of PIK3CA mutations was previously linked with the lack of activity for the anti-EGFRs as first line treatment for CRC patients. The combination of HAA2020 and 5FU has selectively sensitized the four CRC cells to 5FU and could be further studied.
Collapse
|