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Rico-Jiménez M, Udaondo Z, Krell T, Matilla MA. Auxin-mediated regulation of susceptibility to toxic metabolites, c-di-GMP levels, and phage infection in the rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica. mSystems 2024; 9:e0016524. [PMID: 38837409 PMCID: PMC11264596 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00165-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The communication between plants and their microbiota is highly dynamic and involves a complex network of signal molecules. Among them, the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a critical phytohormone that not only regulates plant growth and development, but is emerging as an important inter- and intra-kingdom signal that modulates many bacterial processes that are important during interaction with their plant hosts. However, the corresponding signaling cascades remain largely unknown. Here, we advance our understanding of the largely unknown mechanisms by which IAA carries out its regulatory functions in plant-associated bacteria. We showed that IAA caused important changes in the global transcriptome of the rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica and multidisciplinary approaches revealed that IAA sensing interferes with the signaling mediated by other pivotal plant-derived signals such as amino acids and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Exposure to IAA caused large alterations in the transcript levels of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, resulting in significant metabolic alterations. IAA treatment also increased resistance to toxic aromatic compounds through the induction of the AaeXAB pump, which also confers resistance to IAA. Furthermore, IAA promoted motility and severely inhibited biofilm formation; phenotypes that were associated with decreased c-di-GMP levels and capsule production. IAA increased capsule gene expression and enhanced bacterial sensitivity to a capsule-dependent phage. Additionally, IAA induced the expression of several genes involved in antibiotic resistance and led to changes in the susceptibility and responses to antibiotics with different mechanisms of action. Collectively, our study illustrates the complexity of IAA-mediated signaling in plant-associated bacteria. IMPORTANCE Signal sensing plays an important role in bacterial adaptation to ecological niches and hosts. This communication appears to be particularly important in plant-associated bacteria since they possess a large number of signal transduction systems that respond to a wide diversity of chemical, physical, and biological stimuli. IAA is emerging as a key inter- and intra-kingdom signal molecule that regulates a variety of bacterial processes. However, despite the extensive knowledge of the IAA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in plants, IAA signaling in bacteria remains largely unknown. Here, we provide insight into the diversity of mechanisms by which IAA regulates primary and secondary metabolism, biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic susceptibility, and phage sensitivity in a biocontrol rhizobacterium. This work has important implications for our understanding of bacterial ecology in plant environments and for the biotechnological and clinical applications of IAA, as well as related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rico-Jiménez
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Zulema Udaondo
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Matilla
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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Gupta S, Pandey S, Nandi SP, Singh M. Modulation of ethylene and ROS-scavenging enzymes by multifarious plant growth-promoting endophytes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to combat Xanthomonas -induced stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107982. [PMID: 37651951 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore root endophytes- Priestia megaterium T3 and Bacillus cereus T4 from Moringa olefiera for the suppression of leaf spot disease in tomato plants challenged with Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Both strains had plant growth-stimulating characteristics including auxin production, solubilization of inorganic phosphate and zinc complexes, and production of ammonia, siderophore, as well as hydrolytic enzymes. An agar well diffusion and fluorescence viability assay have validated the antibacterial effect of the cell-free culture supernatant of strains T3 and T4. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling has identified the secondary metabolites in the cell-free supernatant of strains T3 and T4. The bio-priming of tomato seeds with a consortium of T3 and T4 strains has significantly declined ethylene (by 0.61-fold) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 0.64-fold) concentration thus, maintaining a lower content of ROS-induced malondialdehyde (MDA, 0.91-fold) as compared to control counterparts. Consequently, the leaf spot disease severity was reduced by ∼70% in consortium-treated tomato plants in contrast to their pathogen-challenged control. The consortia (T3+T4) treatment has facilitated induced systemic resistance by enhancing enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate oxidase (AO) to detoxify the excessive Xanthomonas-induced ROS accumulation in tomato plants. Conclusively, bacterial endophytes modulate X. vesicatoria-induced ROS response and ethylene levels in tomato plants. The current findings indicate that plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterial strains hold the potential to sustainably enhance plant growth and suppress bacterial leaf spot disease in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Sangeeta Pandey
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Shoma Paul Nandi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Monika Singh
- G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, G.B Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
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Li LL, Li Z, Lou Y, Meiners SJ, Kong CH. (-)-Loliolide is a general signal of plant stress that activates jasmonate-related responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2099-2112. [PMID: 36444519 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of defensive metabolites in plants can be induced by signaling chemicals released by neighboring plants. Induction is mainly known from volatile aboveground signals, with belowground signals and their underlying mechanisms largely unknown. We demonstrate that (-)-loliolide triggers defensive metabolite responses to competitors, herbivores, and pathogens in seven plant species. We further explore the transcriptional responses of defensive pathways to verify the signaling role of (-)-loliolide in wheat and rice models with well-known defensive metabolites and gene systems. In response to biotic and abiotic stressors, (-)-loliolide is produced and secreted by roots. This, in turn, induces the production of defensive compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, benzoxazinoids, and cyanogenic glycosides, regardless of plant species. (-)-Loliolide also triggers the expression of defense-related genes, accompanied by an increase in the concentration of jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Transcriptome profiling and inhibitor incubation indicate that (-)-loliolide-induced defense responses are regulated through pathways mediated by jasmonic acid, H2 O2 , and Ca 2+ . These findings argue that (-)-loliolide functions as a common belowground signal mediating chemical defense in plants. Such perception-dependent plant chemical defenses will yield critical insights into belowground signaling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Scott J Meiners
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Rosa-Martínez E, Bovy A, Plazas M, Tikunov Y, Prohens J, Pereira-Dias L. Genetics and breeding of phenolic content in tomato, eggplant and pepper fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135237. [PMID: 37025131 PMCID: PMC10070870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids and flavonoids are large groups of secondary metabolites ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. They are currently in the spotlight due to the numerous health benefits associated with their consumption, as well as for their vital roles in plant biological processes and in plant-environment interaction. Tomato, eggplant and pepper are in the top ten most consumed vegetables in the world, and their fruit accumulation profiles have been extensively characterized, showing substantial differences. A broad array of genetic and genomic tools has helped to identify QTLs and candidate genes associated with the fruit biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The aim of this review was to synthesize the available information making it easily available for researchers and breeders. The phenylpropanoid pathway is tightly regulated by structural genes, which are conserved across species, along with a complex network of regulatory elements like transcription factors, especially of MYB family, and cellular transporters. Moreover, phenolic compounds accumulate in tissue-specific and developmental-dependent ways, as different paths of the metabolic pathway are activated/deactivated along with fruit development. We retrieved 104 annotated putative orthologues encoding for key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway in tomato (37), eggplant (29) and pepper (38) and compiled 267 QTLs (217 for tomato, 16 for eggplant and 34 for pepper) linked to fruit phenolic acids, flavonoids and total phenolics content. Combining molecular tools and genetic variability, through both conventional and genetic engineering strategies, is a feasible approach to improve phenolics content in tomato, eggplant and pepper. Finally, although the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway has been well-studied in the Solanaceae, more research is needed on the identification of the candidate genes behind many QTLs, as well as their interactions with other QTLs and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosa-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Pereira-Dias
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Payá C, Minguillón S, Hernández M, Miguel SM, Campos L, Rodrigo I, Bellés JM, López-Gresa MP, Lisón P. SlS5H silencing reveals specific pathogen-triggered salicylic acid metabolism in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:549. [PMID: 36443652 PMCID: PMC9706870 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylic acid (SA) is a major plant hormone that mediates the defence pathway against pathogens. SA accumulates in highly variable amounts depending on the plant-pathogen system, and several enzyme activities participate in the restoration of its levels. Gentisic acid (GA) is the product of the 5-hydroxylation of SA, which is catalysed by S5H, an enzyme activity regarded as a major player in SA homeostasis. GA accumulates at high levels in tomato plants infected by Citrus Exocortis Viroid (CEVd), and to a lesser extend upon Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 pv. tomato (Pst) infection. RESULTS We have studied the induction of tomato SlS5H gene by different pathogens, and its expression correlates with the accumulation of GA. Transient over-expression of SlS5H in Nicotiana benthamiana confirmed that SA is processed by SlS5H in vivo. SlS5H-silenced tomato plants were generated, displaying a smaller size and early senescence, together with hypersusceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, these transgenic lines exhibited an increased defence response and resistance to both CEVd and Pst infections. Alternative SA processing appears to occur for each specific pathogenic interaction to cope with SA levels. In SlS5H-silenced plants infected with CEVd, glycosylated SA was the most discriminant metabolite found. Instead, in Pst-infected transgenic plants, SA appeared to be rerouted to other phenolics such as feruloyldopamine, feruloylquinic acid, feruloylgalactarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate. CONCLUSION Using SlS5H-silenced plants as a tool to unbalance SA levels, we have studied the re-routing of SA upon CEVd and Pst infections and found that, despite the common origin and role for SA in plant pathogenesis, there appear to be different pathogen-specific, alternate homeostasis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Payá
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Minguillón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - S. M. Miguel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - L. Campos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - I. Rodrigo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - J. M. Bellés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. P. López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - P. Lisón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
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Singh DP, Bisen MS, Shukla R, Prabha R, Maurya S, Reddy YS, Singh PM, Rai N, Chaubey T, Chaturvedi KK, Srivastava S, Farooqi MS, Gupta VK, Sarma BK, Rai A, Behera TK. Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012062. [PMID: 36292920 PMCID: PMC9603451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Yesaru S. Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chaubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
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Lakshmi N, Basha Shaik A, Pal PP, Begum Ahil S, Vittal R, Naik S, Gali UD, Bokka VS. Piperine, reserpine and b-sitosterol attenuate stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of groundnut by inducing the secretion of defense enzymes and phenolic acids. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100880. [PMID: 35182415 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Groundnut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a major constraint affecting the productivity. Although managing this disease using synthetic fungicides is a more feasible method, environmental pollution and side effects caused by them demand some safe fungicides. Seven phytochemicals piperine, quercetin, reserpine, atropine sulphate, b-sitosterol, ethyl protocatechuate and salicylic acid were initially tested against S. rolfsii under in vitro methods. All the compounds exhibited significant effects on mycelial inhibition (except atropine sulphate), sclerotial development, ooze formation, maturity, sclerotial number and germination of S. rolfsii. The more active compounds, piperine, reserpine and b-sitosterol were then evaluated under glasshouse condition by adopting various application methods (seed treatment, foliar application and micro-injection at 2000 µg/mL) on groundnut plants challenged with and without S. rolfsii. All the treatments effectively reduced the plant mortality when tested every 15 days of infection with S. rolfsii. However, the magnitude of reduction varied among the treatments, with the mortality ranging between 9.37 % and 29.68 % compared to the control (40.68 %). The piperine-microinjected plants recorded minimum mortality (3.12 %). The defense enzymes (PAL and PPO) and key end products such as phenolics (total and individual) were determined in the leaf samples collected after 24, 48 and 72 h of infection with S. rolfsii to understand the systemic resistance induction effect. An increase in PAL and PPO activity was observed in all the samples. While microinjection of b-sitosterol caused a maximum PAL induction, piperine caused a maximum PPO activity. Further, samples of piperine treated group showed higher induction of phenolic acids (86.46 μg g-1 micro-injection) compared to b-sitosterol and reserpine groups in all the methods. When the samples were analysed (HPLC) for individual phenolic acids, maximum accumulation of various acids was observed in the samples collected after 48 h. Tannic and gallic acids were found to be accumulated in higher quantities in most of the samples. The maximum accumulation of phenolic acids was found in micro-injected samples. These results verified the reduction of mortality through the induction of defensive chemicals by the action of phytochemicals. Thus, the study recommends the use of these natural molecules for the integrated management of stem rot of groundnut after necessary field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Lakshmi
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, 500030, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Ameer Basha Shaik
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Rajendra Nagar, 500030, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Pragya Paramita Pal
- BITS Hyderabad: Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hyderabad Campus, Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, 500078, MEDCHAL MALKAJGIRI, INDIA
| | - Sajeli Begum Ahil
- BITS Hyderabad: Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hyderabad Campus, Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, 500078, MEDCHAL MALKAJGIRI, INDIA
| | - Ramya Vittal
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Saida Naik
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Uma Devi Gali
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Vidya Sagar Bokka
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, INDIA
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Iobbi V, Lanteri AP, Minuto A, Santoro V, Ferrea G, Fossa P, Bisio A. Autoxidation Products of the Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Combretum micranthum Exert Antiviral Activity against Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030760. [PMID: 35164024 PMCID: PMC8838289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a new damaging plant virus of great interest from both an economical and research point of view. ToBRFV is transmitted by contact, remains infective for months, and to-date, no resistant cultivars have been developed. Due to the relevance of this virus, new effective, sustainable, and operator-safe antiviral agents are needed. Thus, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was identified as the main product of the alkaline autoxidation at high temperature of the methanolic extract of the leaves of C. micranthum, known for antiviral activity. The autoxidized extract and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were assayed in in vitro experiments, in combination with a mechanical inoculation test of tomato plants. Catechinic acid, a common product of rearrangement of catechins in hot alkaline solution, was also tested. Degradation of the viral particles, evidenced by the absence of detectable ToBRFV RNA and the loss of virus infectivity, as a possible consequence of disassembly of the virus coat protein (CP), were shown. Homology modeling was then applied to prepare the protein model of ToBRFV CP, and its structure was optimized. Molecular docking simulation showed the interactions of the two compounds, with the amino acid residues responsible for CP-CP interactions. Catechinic acid showed the best binding energy value in comparison with ribavirin, an anti-tobamovirus agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (P.F.)
| | - Anna Paola Lanteri
- CeRSAA—Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Minuto
- CeRSAA—Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ferrea
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale 1, Regione Liguria, Via Aurelia 97, Bussana, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (P.F.)
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence:
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da Silva JAG, de Resende MLV, Ribeiro IS, Lima AR, Albuquerque LRM, Monteiro ACA, Pereira MHB, Botelho DMDS. Chemical Composition, Production of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Coffee Cultivars Susceptible and Partially Resistant to Bacterial Halo Blight. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091915. [PMID: 34579447 PMCID: PMC8471407 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coffee production is one of the main agricultural activities in Brazil, and several coffee cultivars with disease resistance have already been developed. The secondary metabolites produced by plants are closely associated with defense strategies, and the resistance of coffee cultivars to bacterial halo blight (BHB) can be related to these compounds. Therefore, this study aims to compare a partially resistant coffee cultivar (Iapar-59) and a susceptible cultivar (Mundo Novo 376/4) to BHB (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) in relation to the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts. In addition, this study determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and phenolic profiles of the Iapar-59 leaf extracts of plants inoculated with P. syringae pv. garcae. The Iapar-59 extract showed a higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids than the Mundo Novo 376/4 extract. Both cultivars contained gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids; however, the highest contents were quantified in the Iapar-59 cultivar. The leaf extracts from the Iapar-59 cultivar exhibited higher antioxidant activity. Higher concentrations of gallic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids and the presence of vanillin were detected in the extract of cultivar Iapar-59 inoculated with P. syringae pv. garcae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Alves Goulart da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.S.); (M.L.V.d.R.); (A.C.A.M.); (M.H.B.P.)
| | - Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.S.); (M.L.V.d.R.); (A.C.A.M.); (M.H.B.P.)
| | - Ingridy Simone Ribeiro
- Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS), Campus Muzambinho, Muzambinho, MG 37890-000, Brazil;
| | - Adriene Ribeiro Lima
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Bromatologia, Niterói, RJ 24241-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Ana Cristina Andrade Monteiro
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.S.); (M.L.V.d.R.); (A.C.A.M.); (M.H.B.P.)
| | - Matheus Henrique Brito Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.S.); (M.L.V.d.R.); (A.C.A.M.); (M.H.B.P.)
| | - Deila Magna dos Santos Botelho
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.S.); (M.L.V.d.R.); (A.C.A.M.); (M.H.B.P.)
- Correspondence:
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