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Stella J, Abdelaal MAME, Kamal MAM, Shehu K, Alhayek A, Haupenthal J, Hirsch AK, Schneider M. Spray drying of a zinc complexing agent for inhalation therapy of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 202:106891. [PMID: 39233259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, a disabling lung disease, results from the fibrotic transformation of lung tissue. This fibrotic transformation leads to a deterioration of lung capacity, resulting in significant respiratory distress and a reduction in overall quality of life. Currently, the frontline treatment of pulmonary fibrosis remains limited, focusing primarily on symptom relief and slowing disease progression. Bacterial infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are contributing to a severe progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Phytic acid, a natural chelator of zinc, which is essential for the activation of metalloproteinase enzymes involved in pulmonary fibrosis, shows potential inhibition of LasB, a virulence factor in P. aeruginosa, and mammalian metalloproteases (MMPs). In addition, phytic acid has anti-inflammatory properties believed to result from its ability to capture free radicals, inhibit certain inflammatory enzymes and proteins, and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, key signaling molecules that promote inflammation. To achieve higher local concentrations in the deep lung, phytic acid was spray dried into an inhalable powder. Challenges due to its hygroscopic and low melting (25 °C) nature were mitigated by converting it to sodium phytate to improve crystallinity and powder characteristics. The addition of leucine improved aerodynamic properties and reduced agglomeration, while mannitol served as carrier matrix. Size variation was achieved by modifying process parameters and were evaluated by tools such as the Next Generation Impactor (NGI), light diffraction methods, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An inhibition assay for human MMP-1 (collagenase-1) and MMP-2 (gelatinase A) allowed estimation of the biological effect on tissue remodeling enzymes. The activity was also assessed with respect to inhibition of bacterial LasB. The formulated phytic acid demonstrated an IC50 of 109.7 µg/mL for LasB with viabilities > 80 % up to 188 µg/mL on A549 cells. Therefore, inhalation therapy with phytic acid-based powder shows promise as a treatment for early-stage Pseudomonas-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stella
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed Ashraf Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Kristela Shehu
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Anna K Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
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Wang J, Xie Y, Wu T, Chen Y, Jiang M, Li X, Ye Y, Zhou E, Yang Z. Phytic acid alleviates ochratoxin A-induced renal damage in chicks by modulating ferroptosis and the structure of the intestinal microbiota. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104027. [PMID: 39024690 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is a natural antioxidant with various biological activities, providing protective effects in multiple animals. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mold toxin commonly found in feed, which induces multi-organ damage, with kidney being the target organ of its toxicity. This study investigates the protective effects of PA on OTA-induced renal damage and its potential mechanisms in chicks. The results demonstrates that PA treatment restores OTA-induced renal pathological injuries, reverses the diminished activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduces the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and normalizes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which confirms that PA can alleviate OTA-induced renal damage. Further investigations reveal that OTA-induced renal injury accompanied by an increase in tissue iron content and the transcription levels of ferroptosis-related genes (TFR, ACSL4, and HO-1), and a decrease in the levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4. PA treatment reverses all these effects, indicating that PA mitigates OTA-induced renal ferroptosis. Moreover, PA supplementation improves intestinal morphology and mucosal function, corrects OTA-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota. Besides, PA microbiota transplantation alleviates renal inflammation and oxidative stress caused by OTA. In conclusion, PA plays a protective role against renal damage through the regulation of ferroptosis and the intestinal microbiota, possibly providing novel insights into the control and prevention of OTA-related nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Yueqing Xie
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Yichun Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Mingzhen Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Xuhai Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Yingrong Ye
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Ershun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China.
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Saleh H, Seaman LAK, Palmer WC. Proposed dietary recommendations for iron overload: a guide for physician practice. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2023; 39:146-149. [PMID: 36976854 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Iron overload disorders such as hemochromatosis involve unregulated absorption of dietary iron, leading to excessive iron accumulation in multiple organs. Phlebotomy is the standard of care for removal of excess iron, but dietary modification is not standardized in practice. The purpose of this article is to help standardize hemochromatosis diet counseling based on commonly asked patient questions. RECENT FINDINGS The clinical benefit regarding dietary modification in iron overload patients is limited due to lack of large clinical trials, but preliminary results are promising. Recent studies suggest diet modification could reduce iron burden in hemochromatosis patients resulting in less annual phlebotomy as supported through small patient studies, concepts of physiology, and animal studies. SUMMARY This article is a guide for physicians to counsel hemochromatosis patients based on commonly asked questions such as foods to avoid, foods to consume, use of alcohol, and use of supplements. The goal of this guide is to help standardize hemochromatosis diet counseling to reduce phlebotomy amount in patients. Standardization of diet counseling could help facilitate future patient studies to analyze the clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William C Palmer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Vucenik I. Bioactivity of Inositol Phosphates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165042. [PMID: 34443630 PMCID: PMC8400110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vucenik
- Department of Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(410)-706-1832; Fax: +1-(410)-706-5229
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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