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Cifre-Herrando M, Roselló-Márquez G, García-Antón J. Is photoelectrocatalysis an efficient process to degrade endocrine disruptors chemicals? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104420. [PMID: 38499263 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors chemicals (EDCs) pose significant health risks, including cancer, behavioral disorders, and infertility. In this study, we employed the photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) technique with optimized tungsten oxide (WO3) nanostructures as a photoanode to degrade three diverse EDCs: methiocarb, dimethyl phthalate, and 4-tert-butylphenol. PEC degradation tests were carried out for individual contaminants and a mixture of them, assessing efficiency across different EDC families. Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry was used to control the course of the experiments. For individual solutions, 4-tert-butylphenol and methiocarb were 100% degraded at 1 hour of PEC degradation. Among the tested EDCs, dimethyl phthalate showed the highest resistance to degradation when treated individually. However, when assessed in a mixture with the other EDCs, the degradation efficiency of dimethyl phthalate increased compared to its individual treatment. Furthermore, four degradation intermediates were identified for each contaminant. Finally, toxicity tests revealed that the initial solution was more toxic than the samples treated for all the contaminants tested, except for the phthalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cifre-Herrando
- Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (IEC), Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - G Roselló-Márquez
- Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (IEC), Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - J García-Antón
- Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (IEC), Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, Valencia 46022, Spain.
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Rodrigues AS, Souiad F, Fernandes A, Baía A, Pacheco MJ, Ciríaco L, Bendaoud-Boulahlib Y, Lopes A. Treatment of fruit processing wastewater by electrochemical and activated persulfate processes: Toxicological and energetic evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112868. [PMID: 35143803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A fruit processing wastewater was submitted to different advanced oxidation processes, namely, electro-Fenton (EF), electrochemical oxidation (EO), activated persulfate (PS), and combined EF/PS. The performance of the treatment processes, at different experimental conditions, regarding organic load removal, biodegradability increment, toxicity reduction, and specific energy consumption (Esp), was evaluated. At the experimental conditions studied, EO led to the treated solutions with the highest biodegradability increment, from 0.24 to 0.48, and toxicity reduction towards Daphnia magna, from 5.8 to 1.5 toxic units, without requiring the addition of chemicals. Nevertheless, the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were obtained for EF and combined EF/PS treatments. For the electrochemical processes, an increase in COD removal rate with applied current density (j) was observed. However, the increase in j substantially raised the Esp. In PS treatment, COD removals above 80% were only achieved for high amounts of added persulfate and iron, which led to less biodegradable and more toxic solutions. Combined EF/PS attained the lowest Esp values, mainly due to the conductivity increase originated by the persulfate and iron salts addition. Besides the disadvantage of the chemicals added, this combined treatment led to treated solutions with very acidic pH and significant iron content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rodrigues
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - F Souiad
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal; Unité de Recherche CHEMS, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - A Fernandes
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - A Baía
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M J Pacheco
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L Ciríaco
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Y Bendaoud-Boulahlib
- Unité de Recherche CHEMS, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - A Lopes
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
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