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Dembitsky VM. Naturally Occurring Norsteroids and Their Design and Pharmaceutical Application. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1021. [PMID: 38790983 PMCID: PMC11117879 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to introduce readers to the fascinating class of lipid molecules known as norsteroids, exploring their distribution across various biotopes and their biological activities. The review provides an in-depth analysis of various modified steroids, including A, B, C, and D-norsteroids, each characterized by distinct structural alterations. These modifications, which range from the removal of specific methyl groups to changes in the steroid core, result in unique molecular architectures that significantly impact their biological activity and therapeutic potential. The discussion on A, B, C, and D-norsteroids sheds light on their unique configurations and how these structural modifications influence their pharmacological properties. The review also presents examples from natural sources that produce a diverse array of steroids with distinct structures, including the aforementioned A, B, C, and D-nor variants. These compounds are sourced from marine organisms like sponges, soft corals, and starfish, as well as terrestrial entities such as plants, fungi, and bacteria. The exploration of these steroids encompasses their biosynthesis, ecological significance, and potential medical applications, highlighting a crucial area of interest in pharmacology and natural product chemistry. The review emphasizes the importance of researching these steroids for drug development, particularly in addressing diseases where conventional medications are inadequate or for conditions lacking sufficient therapeutic options. Examples of norsteroid synthesis are provided to illustrate the practical applications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Palma V, González-Pimentel JL, Jimenez-Morillo NT, Sauro F, Gutiérrez-Patricio S, De la Rosa JM, Tomasi I, Massironi M, Onac BP, Tiago I, González-Pérez JA, Laiz L, Caldeira AT, Cubero B, Miller AZ. Connecting molecular biomarkers, mineralogical composition, and microbial diversity from Mars analog lava tubes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169583. [PMID: 38154629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) is one of the best terrestrial analogs to Martian volcanology. Particularly, Lanzarote lava tubes may offer access to recognizably preserved chemical and morphological biosignatures valuable for astrobiology. By combining microbiological, mineralogical, and organic geochemistry tools, an in-depth characterization of speleothems and associated microbial communities in lava tubes of Lanzarote is provided. The aim is to untangle the underlying factors influencing microbial colonization in Earth's subsurface to gain insight into the possibility of similar subsurface microbial habitats on Mars and to identify biosignatures preserved in lava tubes unequivocally. The microbial communities with relevant representativeness comprise chemoorganotrophic, halophiles, and/or halotolerant bacteria that have evolved as a result of the surrounding oceanic environmental conditions. Many of these bacteria have a fundamental role in reshaping cave deposits due to their carbonatogenic ability, leaving behind an organic record that can provide evidence of past or present life. Based on functional profiling, we infer that Crossiella is involved in fluorapatite precipitation via urea hydrolysis and propose its Ca-rich precipitates as compelling biosignatures valuable for astrobiology. In this sense, analytical pyrolysis, stable isotope analysis, and chemometrics were conducted to characterize the complex organic fraction preserved in the speleothems and find relationships among organic families, microbial taxa, and precipitated minerals. We relate organic compounds with subsurface microbial taxa, showing that organic families drive the microbiota of Lanzarote lava tubes. Our data indicate that bacterial communities are important contributors to biomarker records in volcanic-hosted speleothems. Within them, the lipid fraction primarily consists of low molecular weight n-alkanes, α-alkenes, and branched-alkenes, providing further evidence that microorganisms serve as the origin of organic matter in these formations. The ongoing research in Lanzarote's lava tubes will help develop protocols, routines, and predictive models that could provide guidance on choosing locations and methodologies for searching potential biosignatures on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Palma
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | | | - Francesco Sauro
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Geology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - José M De la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ilaria Tomasi
- Geosciences Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Bogdan P Onac
- Karst Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Emil G. Racoviță Institute, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Igor Tiago
- CFE-Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana T Caldeira
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Cubero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Z Miller
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal; Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.
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Eissa AH, Abdel-Tawab AM, El-Ablack FZ, Ayyad SEN. Cytotoxic and anti-bacterial evaluation of two new aromatic A-ring steroids isolated from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya spp.. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37665217 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2254452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A successful column chromatography of a CHCl3/MeOH crude extract of Dendronephthya spp. soft coral led to the isolation of two new aromatic A-ring steroids (1-2), together with three known compounds (3-5). Both 1 and 2 are 19-norsteroids. The chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive 1D, 2D NMR, and EIMS analyses. In cytotoxic bioassays, compounds 1-5 were tested against three cancer cell lines: MCF-7, NCI-1299, and HepG2, with IC50 in the ranges of 22.1-85.4, 26.9-88.7, and 25.9-93.7 μM, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed moderate degrees of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. at 100 and 150 µg/mL, while exhibiting weak inhibition against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus at 150 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Eissa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Abdel-Tawab
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fawzia Z El-Ablack
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Seif-Eldin N Ayyad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Mahamed S, Motal R, Govender T, Dlamini N, Khuboni K, Hadeb Z, Shaik BB, Moodley K, Balaso Mohite S, Karpoormath R. A concise review on marine bromopyrrole alkaloids as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129102. [PMID: 36496202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been the most important sources of chemically diverse raw materials that have inspired pharmaceutical discoveries over the past few decades. Many pharmaceutical companies are utilizing plant extracts to develop relatively crude therapeutic formulations. The interesting chemicals identified as natural products are derived from the phenomenon of biodiversity, where the interactions between the organisms and their environment formulate the diverse and complex chemical entities within them that enhance their survival and competitiveness. Marine sponges are rich sources of natural products and have provided an infinite supply of bioactive metabolites. Bromopyrrole alkaloids are a good example of marine metabolites, have a broad range of biological activity, and represent a fascinating example of chemical diversity of secondary metabolites elaborated by marine invertebrates. The isolation and synthesis of this structural class have been investigated, resulting in a series of bromopyrrole alkaloids with potential lead hits. This review presents the detailed isolation and anticancer activity of marine bromopyrrole alkaloids, and will be of interest to the wider research community both in academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Mahamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Raeesa Motal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Titus Govender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nompilo Dlamini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Kwanele Khuboni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Zamahlubi Hadeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Baji Baba Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Kimeshni Moodley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sachin Balaso Mohite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Abstract
Covering: 2020This review covers the literature published in 2020 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 757 citations (747 for the period January to December 2020) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1407 in 420 papers for 2020), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. A meta analysis of bioactivity data relating to new MNPs reported over the last five years is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Izzati F, Warsito MF, Bayu A, Prasetyoputri A, Atikana A, Sukmarini L, Rahmawati SI, Putra MY. Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Indonesian Marine Invertebrates. Molecules 2021; 26:1898. [PMID: 33801617 PMCID: PMC8037762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates have been reported to be an excellent resource of many novel bioactive compounds. Studies reported that Indonesia has remarkable yet underexplored marine natural products, with a high chemical diversity and a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review discusses recent updates on the exploration of marine natural products from Indonesian marine invertebrates (i.e., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) throughout 2007-2020. This paper summarizes the structural diversity and biological function of the bioactive compounds isolated from Indonesian marine invertebrates as antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral, while also presenting the opportunity for further investigation of novel compounds derived from Indonesian marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asep Bayu
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia or (F.I.); (M.F.W.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (S.I.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia or (F.I.); (M.F.W.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (S.I.R.)
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