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Yu T, Lok BH. PARP inhibitor resistance mechanisms and PARP inhibitor derived imaging probes. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39199000 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2398494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition has become a major target in anticancer therapy. While PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancers, therapeutic resistance is a challenge and PARPi are now being investigated in cancers lacking HR deficiencies. This creates a need to develop molecular and imaging biomarkers of PARPi response to improve patient selection and circumvent therapeutic resistance. AREAS COVERED PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov were queried for studies on PARPi resistance and imaging. This review summarizes established and emerging resistance mechanisms to PARPi, and the current state of imaging and theragnostic probes for PARPi, including fluorescently labeled and radiolabeled probes. EXPERT OPINION While progress has been made in understanding PARPi therapeutic resistance, clinical evidence remains lacking and relatively little is known regarding PARPi response outside of HR deficiencies. Continued research will clarify the importance of known biomarkers and resistance mechanisms in patient cohorts and the broader utility of PARPi. Progress has also been made in PARPi imaging, particularly with radiolabeled probes, and both imaging and theragnostic probes have now reached clinical validation. Reducing abdominal background signal from probe clearance will broaden their applicability, and improvements to molecular synthesis and radiation delivery will increase their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Yu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ndlovu H, Lawal IO, Mokoala KMG, Sathekge MM. Imaging Molecular Targets and Metabolic Pathways in Breast Cancer for Improved Clinical Management: Current Practice and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1575. [PMID: 38338854 PMCID: PMC10855575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Timely decision-making that enables implementation of the most appropriate therapy or therapies is essential for achieving the best clinical outcomes in breast cancer. While clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemistry have traditionally been used in decision-making, these clinical and laboratory parameters may be difficult to ascertain or be equivocal due to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor heterogeneity is described as a phenomenon characterized by spatial or temporal phenotypic variations in tumor characteristics. Spatial variations occur within tumor lesions or between lesions at a single time point while temporal variations are seen as tumor lesions evolve with time. Due to limitations associated with immunohistochemistry (which requires invasive biopsies), whole-body molecular imaging tools such as standard-of-care [18F]FDG and [18F]FES PET/CT are indispensable in addressing this conundrum. Despite their proven utility, these standard-of-care imaging methods are often unable to image a myriad of other molecular pathways associated with breast cancer. This has stimulated interest in the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals targeting other molecular pathways and processes. In this review, we discuss validated and potential roles of these standard-of-care and novel molecular approaches. These approaches' relationships with patient clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics as well as their influence on patient management will be discussed in greater detail. This paper will also introduce and discuss the potential utility of novel PARP inhibitor-based radiopharmaceuticals as non-invasive biomarkers of PARP expression/upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honest Ndlovu
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Ismaheel O. Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Mike M. Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Khazaei Monfared Y, Heidari P, Klempner SJ, Mahmood U, Parikh AR, Hong TS, Strickland MR, Esfahani SA. DNA Damage by Radiopharmaceuticals and Mechanisms of Cellular Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2761. [PMID: 38140100 PMCID: PMC10748326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is an organic molecule that is highly vulnerable to chemical alterations and breaks caused by both internal and external factors. Cells possess complex and advanced mechanisms, including DNA repair, damage tolerance, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death pathways, which together minimize the potentially harmful effects of DNA damage. However, in cancer cells, the normal DNA damage tolerance and response processes are disrupted or deregulated. This results in increased mutagenesis and genomic instability within the cancer cells, a known driver of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. On the other hand, the inherent instability of the genome in rapidly dividing cancer cells can be exploited as a tool to kill by imposing DNA damage with radiopharmaceuticals. As the field of targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is rapidly growing in oncology, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the impact of systemic radiation delivery by radiopharmaceuticals on the DNA of tumors and healthy tissues. The distribution and activation of DNA damage and repair pathways caused by RPT can be different based on the characteristics of the radioisotope and molecular target. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion of the biological effects of RPTs, with the main focus on the role of varying radioisotopes in inducing direct and indirect DNA damage and activating DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khazaei Monfared
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Aparna R. Parikh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Theodore S. Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Shadi A. Esfahani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
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Zhang Y, Liang L, Li Z, Huang Y, Jiang M, Zou B, Xu Y. Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors: advances, implications, and challenges in tumor radiotherapy sensitization. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1295579. [PMID: 38111536 PMCID: PMC10726039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1295579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) is a key modifying enzyme in cells, which participates in single-strand break repair and indirectly affects double-strand break repair. PARP inhibitors have shown great potential in oncotherapy by exploiting DNA damage repair pathways, and several small molecule PARP inhibitors have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating various tumor types. PARP inhibitors not only have significant antitumor effects but also have some synergistic effects when combined with radiotherapy; therefore they have potential as radiation sensitizers. Here, we reviewed the advances and implications of PARP inhibitors in tumor radiotherapy sensitization. First, we summarized the multiple functions of PARP and the mechanisms by which its inhibitors exert antitumor effects. Next, we discuss the immunomodulatory effects of PARP and its inhibitors in tumors. Then, we described the theoretical basis of using PARP inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy and outlined their importance in oncological radiotherapy. Finally, we reviewed the current challenges in this field and elaborated on the future applications of PARP inhibitors as radiation sensitizers. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism, optimal dosing, long-term safety, and identification of responsive biomarkers remain key challenges to integrating PARP inhibition into the radiotherapy management of cancer patients. Therefore, extensive research in these areas would facilitate the development of precision radiotherapy using PARP inhibitors to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijie Liang
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chan CY, Chen Z, Guibbal F, Dias G, Destro G, O'Neill E, Veal M, Lau D, Mosley M, Wilson TC, Gouverneur V, Cornelissen B. [ 123I]CC1: A PARP-Targeting, Auger Electron-Emitting Radiopharmaceutical for Radionuclide Therapy of Cancer. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1965-1971. [PMID: 37770109 PMCID: PMC10690119 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy against cancer that targets the DNA damage repair enzyme. PARP-targeting compounds radiolabeled with an Auger electron-emitting radionuclide can be trapped close to damaged DNA in tumor tissue, where high ionizing potential and short range lead Auger electrons to kill cancer cells through the creation of complex DNA damage, with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissue. Here, we report on [123I]CC1, an 123I-labeled PARP inhibitor for radioligand therapy of cancer. Methods: Copper-mediated 123I iododeboronation of a boronic pinacol ester precursor afforded [123I]CC1. The level and specificity of cell uptake and the therapeutic efficacy of [123I]CC1 were determined in human breast carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and glioblastoma cells. Tumor uptake and tumor growth inhibition of [123I]CC1 were assessed in mice bearing human cancer xenografts (MDA-MB-231, PSN1, and U87MG). Results: In vitro and in vivo studies showed selective uptake of [123I]CC1 in all models. Significantly reduced clonogenicity, a proxy for tumor growth inhibition by ionizing radiation in vivo, was observed in vitro after treatment with as little as 10 Bq [123I]CC1. Biodistribution at 1 h after intravenous administration showed PSN1 tumor xenograft uptake of 0.9 ± 0.06 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue. Intravenous administration of a relatively low amount of [123I]CC1 (3 MBq) was able to significantly inhibit PSN1 xenograft tumor growth but was less effective in xenografts that expressed less PARP. [123I]CC1 did not cause significant toxicity to normal tissues. Conclusion: Taken together, these results show the potential of [123I]CC1 as a radioligand therapy for PARP-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Ying Chan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zijun Chen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Florian Guibbal
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Dias
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Destro
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Edward O'Neill
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Veal
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Doreen Lau
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mosley
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C Wilson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Zhou D, Chu W, Xu J. A practical protocol for large-scale copper-mediated radioiodination of organoboronic precursors: Radiosynthesis of [ 123 I]KX-1 for Auger radiotherapy. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:435-439. [PMID: 37735764 PMCID: PMC10872812 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic copper-mediated radioiodination (CMRI) of organoboronic precursors with radioiodides is a promising method of radioiodination. The previously reported CMRI has demonstrated its great potential and scope of labeling for the radiosynthesis of radioiodine-labeled compounds. However, the reported protocols (using a small amount/volume of radioactivity) are practically not reproducible in large-scale CMRI, in which the radioactivity was usually provided in a bulk alkaline solution. A large amount of water and a strong base are incompatible with CMRI. To overcome these issues in large-scale CMRI, we have developed a simple protocol for large-scale CMRI. The bulk water was removed under a flow of inert gas at 110°C, and the strong base (i.e., NaOH) was neutralized with an acid, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonic acid. In the model reactions of [123 I]KX-1, a PARP-1 radioligand for Auger radiotherapy, radiochemical conversions were significantly improved after neutralization of the base, and the addition of additional acids was tolerated and favorable for the reactions. Using this protocol, [123 I]KX-1 was radiosynthesized from 20 mCi (0.74 GBq) of [123 I]iodide in high radiochemical yields, high radiochemical purity, and high molar activity. This protocol should be applicable to the radiosynthesis of other compounds with radioiodine via CMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Hoffman SLV, Mixdorf JC, Kwon O, Johnson TR, Makvandi M, Lee H, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Jeffery JJ, Patankar MS, Engle JW, Bednarz BP, Ellison PA. Preclinical studies of a PARP targeted, Meitner-Auger emitting, theranostic radiopharmaceutical for metastatic ovarian cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108368. [PMID: 37490805 PMCID: PMC10529069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Advanced ovarian cancer currently has few therapeutic options. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors bind to nuclear PARP and trap the protein-inhibitor complex to DNA. This work investigates a theranostic PARP inhibitor for targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy of ovarian cancer in vitro and PET imaging of healthy mice in vivo. METHODS [77Br]RD1 was synthesized and assessed for pharmacokinetics and cytotoxicity in human and murine ovarian cancer cell lines. [76Br]RD1 biodistribution and organ uptake in healthy mice were quantified through longitudinal PET/CT imaging and ex vivo radioactivity measurements. Organ-level dosimetry following [76/77Br]RD1 administration was calculated using RAPID, an in-house platform for absorbed dose in mice, and OLINDA for equivalent and effective dose in human. RESULTS The maximum specific binding (Bmax), equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), and nonspecific binding slope (NS) were calculated for each cell line. These values were used to calculate the cell specific activity uptake for cell viability studies. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) was measured as 0.17 (95 % CI: 0.13-0.24) nM and 0.46 (0.13-0.24) nM for PARP(+) and PARP(-) expressing cell lines, respectively. The EC50 was 0.27 (0.21-0.36) nM and 0.30 (0.22-0.41) nM for BRCA1(-) and BRCA1(+) expressing cell lines, respectively. When measuring the EC50 as a function of cellular activity uptake and nuclear dose, the EC50 ranges from 0.020 to 0.039 Bq/cell and 3.3-9.2 Gy, respectively. Excretion through the hepatobiliary and renal pathways were observed in mice, with liver uptake of 2.3 ± 0.4 %ID/g after 48 h, contributing to estimated absorbed dose values in mice of 19.3 ± 0.3 mGy/MBq and 290 ± 10 mGy/MBq for [77Br]RD1 and [76Br]RD1, respectively. CONCLUSION [77Br]RD1 cytotoxicity was dependent on PARP expression and independent of BRCA1 status. The in vitro results suggest that [77Br]RD1 cytotoxicity is driven by the targeted Meitner-Auger electron (MAe) radiotherapeutic effect of the agent. Further studies investigating the theranostic potential, organ dose, and tumor uptake of [76/77Br]RD1 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L V Hoffman
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J C Mixdorf
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - O Kwon
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T R Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Makvandi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J J Jeffery
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B P Bednarz
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P A Ellison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Ma S, Wu J, Liu Z, He R, Wang Y, Liu L, Wang T, Wang W. Quantitative characterization of cell physiological state based on dynamical cell mechanics for drug efficacy indication. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:388-402. [PMID: 37181289 PMCID: PMC10173291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mechanics is essential to cell development and function, and its dynamics evolution reflects the physiological state of cells. Here, we investigate the dynamical mechanical properties of single cells under various drug conditions, and present two mathematical approaches to quantitatively characterizing the cell physiological state. It is demonstrated that the cellular mechanical properties upon the drug action increase over time and tend to saturate, and can be mathematically characterized by a linear time-invariant dynamical model. It is shown that the transition matrices of dynamical cell systems significantly improve the classification accuracies of the cells under different drug actions. Furthermore, it is revealed that there exists a positive linear correlation between the cytoskeleton density and the cellular mechanical properties, and the physiological state of a cell in terms of its cytoskeleton density can be predicted from its mechanical properties by a linear regression model. This study builds a relationship between the cellular mechanical properties and the cellular physiological state, adding information for evaluating drug efficacy.
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Mixdorf JC, Hoffman SLV, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Engle JW, Ellison PA. Copper-Mediated Radiobromination of (Hetero)Aryl Boronic Pinacol Esters. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2089-2094. [PMID: 36745853 PMCID: PMC9957949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A copper-mediated radiobromination of (hetero)aryl boronic pinacol esters is described. Cyclotron-produced [76/77Br]bromide was isolated using an anion exchange cartridge, wherein the pre-equilibration and elution solutions played a critical role in downstream deboro-bromination. The bromination tolerates a broad range of functional groups, labeling molecules with ranging electronic and steric effects. Bologically active radiopharmaceuticals were synthesized, including two radiobrominated inhibitors of poly ADP ribose polymerase, a clinically relevant chemotherapeutic target for ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Mixdorf
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705
| | - Sabrina L. V. Hoffman
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705
| | - Paul A. Ellison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705
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Sreekumar S, Zhou D, Mpoy C, Schenk E, Scott J, Arbeit JM, Xu J, Rogers BE. Preclinical Efficacy of a PARP-1 Targeted Auger-Emitting Radionuclide in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3083. [PMID: 36834491 PMCID: PMC9967758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for better therapeutic strategies for advanced prostate cancer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a chromatin-binding DNA repair enzyme overexpressed in prostate cancer. This study evaluates whether PARP-1, on account of its proximity to the cell's DNA, would be a good target for delivering high-linear energy transfer Auger radiation to induce lethal DNA damage in prostate cancer cells. We analyzed the correlation between PARP-1 expression and Gleason score in a prostate cancer tissue microarray. A radio-brominated Auger emitting inhibitor ([77Br]Br-WC-DZ) targeting PARP-1 was synthesized. The ability of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ to induce cytotoxicity and DNA damage was assessed in vitro. The antitumor efficacy of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ was investigated in prostate cancer xenograft models. PARP-1 expression was found to be positively correlated with the Gleason score, thus making it an attractive target for Auger therapy in advanced diseases. The Auger emitter, [77Br]Br-WC-DZ, induced DNA damage, G2-M cell cycle phase arrest, and cytotoxicity in PC-3 and IGR-CaP1 prostate cancer cells. A single dose of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ inhibited the growth of prostate cancer xenografts and improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our studies establish the fact that PARP-1 targeting Auger emitters could have therapeutic implications in advanced prostate cancer and provides a strong rationale for future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sreekumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elsa Schenk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jalen Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Arbeit
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Buck E. Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Destro G, Chen Z, Chan CY, Fraser C, Dias G, Mosley M, Guibbal F, Gouverneur V, Cornelissen B. A radioiodinated rucaparib analogue as an Auger electron emitter for cancer therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 116-117:108312. [PMID: 36621256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.108312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioligand therapy (RLT) is an expanding field that has shown great potential in the fight against cancer. Radionuclides that can be carried by selective ligands such as antibodies, peptides, and small molecules targeting cancerous cells have demonstrated a clear improvement in the move towards precision medicine. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of enzymes involved in DNA damage repair signalling pathway, with PARP inhibitors olaparib, talazoparib, niraparib, veliparib, and rucaparib having FDA approval for cancer therapy in routine clinical use. Based on our previous work with the radiolabelled PARP inhibitor [18F]rucaparib, we replaced the fluorine-18 moiety, used for PET imaging, with iodine-123, a radionuclide used for SPECT imaging and Auger electron therapy, resulting in 8-[123I]iodo-5-(4-((methylamino)methyl)phenyl)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-1H-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-1-one, ([123I]GD1), as a potential radiopharmaceutical for RLT. METHODS [123I]GD1 was synthesized via copper-mediated radioiodination from a selected boronic esters precursor. In vitro uptake, retention, blocking, and effects on clonogenic survival with [123I]GD1 treatment were tested in a panel of cancer cell lines. Enzymatic inhibition of PARP by GD1 was also tested in a cell-free system. The biodistribution of [123I]GD1 was investigated by SPECT/CT in mice following intravenous administration. RESULTS Cell-free enzymatic inhibition and in vitro blocking experiments confirmed a modest ability of GD1 to inhibit PARP-1, IC50 = 239 nM. In vitro uptake of [123I]GD1 in different cell lines was dose dependent, and radiolabelled compound was retained in cells for >2 h. Significantly reduced clonogenic survival was observed in vitro after exposure of cells for 1 h with as low as 50 kBq of [123I]GD1. The biodistribution of [123I]GD1 was further characterized in vivo showing both renal and hepatobiliary clearance pathways with a biphasic blood clearance. CONCLUSION We present the development of a new theragnostic agent based on the rucaparib scaffold and its evaluation in in vitro and in vivo models. The data reported show that [123I]GD1 may have potential to be used as a theragnostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Destro
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK; Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Chung Ying Chan
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Fraser
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Gemma Dias
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Mosley
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Florian Guibbal
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Veronique Gouverneur
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Makvandi M, Samanta M, Martorano P, Lee H, Gitto SB, Patel K, Groff D, Pogoriler J, Martinez D, Riad A, Dabagian H, Zaleski M, Taghvaee T, Xu K, Lee JY, Hou C, Farrel A, Batra V, Carlin SD, Powell DJ, Mach RH, Pryma DA, Maris JM. Pre-clinical investigation of astatine-211-parthanatine for high-risk neuroblastoma. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1260. [PMID: 36396952 PMCID: PMC9671962 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astatine-211-parthanatine ([211At]PTT) is an alpha-emitting radiopharmaceutical therapeutic that targets poly(adenosine-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in cancer cells. High-risk neuroblastomas exhibit among the highest PARP1 expression across solid tumors. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of [211At]PTT using 11 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of high-risk neuroblastoma, and assessed hematological and marrow toxicity in a CB57/BL6 healthy mouse model. We observed broad efficacy in PDX models treated with [211At]PTT at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD 36 MBq/kg/fraction x4) administered as a fractionated regimen. For the MTD, complete tumor response was observed in 81.8% (18 of 22) of tumors and the median event free survival was 72 days with 30% (6/20) of mice showing no measurable tumor >95 days. Reversible hematological and marrow toxicity was observed 72 hours post-treatment at the MTD, however full recovery was evident by 4 weeks post-therapy. These data support clinical development of [211At]PTT for high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Makvandi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Minu Samanta
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Paul Martorano
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hwan Lee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah B Gitto
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Dabagian
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Zaleski
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tara Taghvaee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Catherine Hou
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vandana Batra
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sean D Carlin
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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13
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Ambur Sankaranarayanan R, Florea A, Allekotte S, Vogg ATJ, Maurer J, Schäfer L, Bolm C, Terhorst S, Classen A, Bauwens M, Morgenroth A, Mottaghy FM. PARP targeted Auger emitter therapy with [ 125I]PARPi-01 for triple-negative breast cancer. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:60. [PMID: 36104637 PMCID: PMC9474773 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks biomarkers for targeted therapy. Auger emitters display the best therapeutic effect, if delivered directly into the nucleus proximal to DNA. The nuclear protein Poly (ADP-ribose)-Polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a suitable target against which few inhibitors (PARPi) are clinically approved for treatment of breast cancer with germline BRCA mutation (BRCAmut). In this study, a theranostic approach was investigated in a TNBC xenografted mouse model by radiolabelling a close derivative of a PARPi Olaparib (termed PARPi-01) with the Auger emitters 123/125I. METHODS TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 was subcutaneously implanted in female NOD/SCID mice. At a tumour size of ~ 500mm3, [123I]PARPi-01 was administered intravenously, and SPECT/CT images were obtained at 4 h or 24 h post injection (p.i). A therapy study was performed with [125I]PARPi-01 in 4 doses (10 MBq/dose, 10 days apart). Tumour growth was monitored by CT scans longitudinally once per week. Upon reaching study endpoint, tissues were harvested and stained with TUNEL assay for detection of apoptosis induction. RESULTS SPECT/CT images showed rapid hepatobiliary tracer clearance at 4 h post injection (p.i.). Retention in thyroid at 24 h p.i. suggested tracer deiodination in vivo. The tumour and liver uptake were 0.2%ID/g and 2.5%ID/g, respectively. The tumour: blood ratio was 1.3. Endogenous therapy induced a significant delay in tumour growth (doubling time increased from 8.3 to 14.2 days), but no significant survival advantage. Significantly higher apoptosis ratio was observed in [125I]PARPi-01 treated tumour tissues. No radiotoxicity was detected in the liver and thyroid. CONCLUSION Considering the radio-cytotoxic effect in the tumour tissue and a delay on tumour doubling time, [125I]PARPi-01 presents a potential radiotherapeutics for treatment of TNBC. Improvements to overcome the suboptimal pharmacokinetics are necessary for its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ambur Sankaranarayanan
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandru Florea
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Allekotte
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas T. J. Vogg
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XClinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Schäfer
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven Terhorst
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Classen
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Research School NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Wang Q, Zhang J. Current status and progress in using radiolabelled PARP-1 inhibitors for imaging PARP-1 expression in tumours. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114690. [PMID: 36041258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a key enzyme in the DNA repair process, and the overexpression of PARP-1 in several tumours makes this enzyme a promising molecular target. Recently, several PARP-1 inhibitors, such as olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib and talazoparib, have been clinically approved as anticancer drugs. Several of these inhibitors have been radiolabelled for noninvasive imaging of PARP-1 expression in several types of tumours. In this review, the background and progress for using various radiolabelled PARP-1 inhibitors for cancer diagnosis are discussed and future development directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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15
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Perspective on the Use of DNA Repair Inhibitors as a Tool for Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071821. [PMID: 35406593 PMCID: PMC8997380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current routine treatment for glioblastoma (GB), the most lethal high-grade brain tumor in adults, aims to induce DNA damage in the tumor. However, the tumor cells might be able to repair that damage, which leads to therapy resistance. Fortunately, DNA repair defects are common in GB cells, and their survival is often based on a sole backup repair pathway. Hence, targeted drugs inhibiting essential proteins of the DNA damage response have gained momentum and are being introduced in the clinic. This review gives a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting DDR kinases for imaging in order to determine the DNA repair phenotype of GB, as well as for effective radionuclide therapy. Finally, four new promising radiopharmaceuticals are suggested with the potential to lead to a more personalized GB therapy. Abstract Despite numerous innovative treatment strategies, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains challenging. With the current state-of-the-art therapy, most GB patients succumb after about a year. In the evolution of personalized medicine, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is gaining momentum, for example, to stratify patients based on specific biomarkers. One of these biomarkers is deficiencies in DNA damage repair (DDR), which give rise to genomic instability and cancer initiation. However, these deficiencies also provide targets to specifically kill cancer cells following the synthetic lethality principle. This led to the increased interest in targeted drugs that inhibit essential DDR kinases (DDRi), of which multiple are undergoing clinical validation. In this review, the current status of DDRi for the treatment of GB is given for selected targets: ATM/ATR, CHK1/2, DNA-PK, and PARP. Furthermore, this review provides a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting these DDR kinases to (1) evaluate the DNA repair phenotype of GB before treatment decisions are made and (2) induce DNA damage via TRT. Finally, by applying in-house selection criteria and analyzing the structural characteristics of the DDRi, four drugs with the potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals are suggested.
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Nguyen NT, Pacelli A, Nader M, Kossatz S. DNA Repair Enzyme Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1/2 (PARP1/2)-Targeted Nuclear Imaging and Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051129. [PMID: 35267438 PMCID: PMC8909184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In parallel to the successful clinical implementation of PARP1/2 inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs, which interfere with the DNA repair machinery, these small molecule agents have also gained attention as vehicles for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. In this review article, we summarize the development and preclinical evaluation of radioactively-labelled PARP inhibitors for positron emission tomography (PET) for many applications, such as selecting patients for PARP inhibitor treatment, response prediction or monitoring, and diagnosis of tumors. We report on early clinical studies that show safety and feasibility of PARP-imaging in humans. In addition, we summarize the latest developments in the field of PARP-targeted radiotherapy, where PARP inhibitors are studied as vehicles to deposit highly cytotoxic radioisotopes in close proximity to the DNA of tumor cells. Lastly, we look at synthetic strategies for PARP-targeted imaging and therapy agents that are compatible with large scale production and clinical translation. Abstract Since it was discovered that many tumor types are vulnerable to inhibition of the DNA repair machinery, research towards efficient and selective inhibitors has accelerated. Amongst other enzymes, poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1 (PARP1) was identified as a key player in this process, which resulted in the development of selective PARP inhibitors (PARPi) as anti-cancer drugs. Most small molecule PARPi’s exhibit high affinity for both PARP1 and PARP2. PARPi are under clinical investigation for mono- and combination therapy in several cancer types and five PARPi are now clinically approved. In parallel, radiolabeled PARPi have emerged for non-invasive imaging of PARP1 expression. PARP imaging agents have been suggested as companion diagnostics, patient selection, and treatment monitoring tools to improve the outcome of PARPi therapy, but also as stand-alone diagnostics. We give a comprehensive overview over the preclinical development of PARP imaging agents, which are mostly based on the PARPi olaparib, rucaparib, and recently also talazoparib. We also report on the current status of clinical translation, which involves a growing number of early phase trials. Additionally, this work provides an insight into promising approaches of PARP-targeted radiotherapy based on Auger and α-emitting isotopes. Furthermore, the review covers synthetic strategies for PARP-targeted imaging and therapy agents that are compatible with large scale production and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia T. Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Anna Pacelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg–Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Michael Nader
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg–Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Sankaranarayanan RA, Peil J, Vogg ATJ, Bolm C, Terhorst S, Classen A, Bauwens M, Maurer J, Mottaghy F, Morgenroth A. Auger Emitter Conjugated PARP Inhibitor for Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancers: A Comparative In-Vitro Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010230. [PMID: 35008392 PMCID: PMC8750932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with a high recurrence rate. Since treatment of BRCAmut TNBC patients with PARP inhibitor (PARPi), targeting the nuclear protein PARP1, shows varied responses, its therapeutic efficacy is currently evaluated in combination with chemotherapy. Auger emitters (AEs) are radionuclides that can cause DNA damage when delivered close to the DNA. Due to the nuclear location of PARP1, radiolabelling of PARPi with AEs provide an efficient nuclear delivery mechanism. This study shows the radiosynthesis of an AE radiolabelled PARPi ([125I]-PARPi-01) and its therapeutic effect as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutics in a panel of TNBC cell lines. We found that [125I]-PARPi-01 efficiently induces DNA damage with therapeutic effect irrespective of BRCA mutation. All responsive cell lines have homologous recombination deficiency. Short pretreatment with doxorubicin significantly reduces clonogenic survival of both responsive and resistant cell lines. Abstract PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) are currently approved for BRCAmut metastatic breast cancer, but they have shown limited response in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Combination of an Auger emitter with PARPis enables PARP inhibition and DNA strand break induction simultaneously. This will enhance cytotoxicity and additionally allow a theranostic approach. This study presents the radiosynthesis of the Auger emitter [125I] coupled olaparib derivative: [125I]-PARPi-01, and its therapeutic evaluation in a panel of TNBC cell lines. Specificity was tested by a blocking assay. DNA strand break induction was analysed by γH2AX immunofluorescence staining. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays were studied using flow cytometry in TNBC cell lines (BRCAwt/mut). Anchorage independent growth potential was evaluated using soft agar assay. [125I]-PARPi-01 showed PARP1-specificity and higher cytotoxicity than olaparib in TNBC cell lines irrespective of BRCA their status. Cell lines harbouring DNA repair deficiency showed response to [125I]-PARPi-01 monotherapy. Combined treatment with Dox-NP further enhanced therapeutic efficiency in metastatic resistant BRCAwt cell lines. The clonogenic survival was significantly reduced after treatment with [125I]-PARPi-01 in all TNBC lines investigated. Therapeutic efficacy was further enhanced after combined treatment with chemotherapeutics. [125I]-PARPi-01 is a promising radiotherapeutic agent for low radiation dosages, and mono/combined therapies of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ambur Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Jennifer Peil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Andreas T. J. Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Steven Terhorst
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Arno Classen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Molecular Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Felix Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen Z, Destro G, Guibbal F, Chan CY, Cornelissen B, Gouverneur V. Copper-Mediated Radiosynthesis of [ 18F]Rucaparib. Org Lett 2021; 23:7290-7294. [PMID: 34459606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor rucaparib is used in the clinic to treat BRCA-mutated cancers. Herein, we report two strategies to access the 18F-isotopologue of rucaparib by applying a copper-mediated nucleophilic 18F-fluorodeboronation. The most successful approach features an aldehydic boronic ester precursor that is subjected to reductive amination post-18F-labeling and affords [18F]rucaparib with an activity yield of 11% ± 3% (n = 3) and a molar activity (Am) up to 30 GBq/μmol. Preliminary in vitro studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Chen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Gianluca Destro
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, U.K
| | - Florian Guibbal
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, U.K
| | - Chung Ying Chan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, U.K
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, U.K
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Zhou D, Chen H, Mpoy C, Afrin S, Rogers BE, Garbow JR, Katzenellenbogen JA, Xu J. Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of Talazoparib and Its Derivatives as PARP-1-Targeting Agents. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050565. [PMID: 34069967 PMCID: PMC8157854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a critical enzyme in the DNA repair process and the target of several FDA-approved inhibitors. Several of these inhibitors have been radiolabeled for non-invasive imaging of PARP-1 expression or targeted radiotherapy of PARP-1 expressing tumors. In particular, derivatives of olaparib and rucaparib, which have reduced trapping potency by PARP-1 compared to talazoparib, have been radiolabeled for these purposes. Here, we report the first radiosynthesis of [18F]talazoparib and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Talazoparib (3a″) and its bromo- or iodo-derivatives were synthesized as racemic mixtures (3a, 3b and 3c), and these compounds exhibit high affinity to PARP-1 (Ki for talazoparib (3a″): 0.65 ± 0.07 nM; 3a: 2.37 ± 0.56 nM; 3b: 1.92 ± 0.41 nM; 3c: 1.73 ± 0.43 nM; known PARP-1 inhibitor Olaparib: 1.87 ± 0.10 nM; non-PARP-1 compound Raclopride: >20,000 nM) in a competitive binding assay using a tritium-labeled PARP-1 radioligand [3H]WC-DZ for screening. [18F]Talazoparib (3a″) was radiosynthesized via a multiple-step procedure with good radiochemical and chiral purities (98%) and high molar activity (28 GBq/μmol). The preliminary biodistribution studies in the murine PC-3 tumor model showed that [18F]talazoparib had a good level of tumor uptake that persisted for over 8 h (3.78 ± 0.55 %ID/gram at 4 h and 4.52 ± 0.32 %ID/gram at 8 h). These studies show the potential for the bromo- and iodo- derivatives for PARP-1 targeted radiotherapy studies using therapeutic radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Huaping Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Buck E. Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (J.X.)
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