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Ward MD, Docherty R, Minion L, Shi X, Anson K, Siligardi G, Nelson J, Wade J, Fuchter MJ. Development of low-cost, compact chiroptical imaging systems. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11623-11632. [PMID: 38864422 PMCID: PMC11189636 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01651c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Circular dichroism spectroscopy is a key probe of the structural and optical properties of chiral materials, however, commercial circular dichroism spectrometers are large, prohibitively expensive and rarely offer environmental control of the sample under test. Using Fresnel rhombs as inexpensive broadband quarter-wave plates, we demonstrate two novel, low-cost (<£2000) and portable imaging systems controlled by our own bespoke open-source control software which are capable of spatially mapping the circular dichroism of chiral solid state films. By coupling these imaging systems with a temperature controlled stage, we show that we can rapidly identify the thermal processing conditions required to maximise circular dichroism in chiral solid state films by measuring circular dichroism in situ during thermal annealing of a sample under test. The accuracy and spatial resolution of these circular dichroism imagers are cross-compared against our previous studies using an existing circular dichroism imaging system at the Diamond Light Source and are shown to be in good agreement, with a sensitivity down to 250 mdeg and a spatial resolution of 100 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Ward
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ronan Docherty
- Department of Materials, Exhibition Road, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Louis Minion
- Department of Materials, Exhibition Road, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- B23 Beamline, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Kai Anson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- B23 Beamline, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Materials, Exhibition Road, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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Clowes SR, Răsădean DM, Gianga TM, Jávorfi T, Hussain R, Siligardi G, Pantoş GD. Mueller Matrix Polarimetry on Cyanine Dye J-Aggregates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041523. [PMID: 36838510 PMCID: PMC9960244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanine dyes are known to form H- and J-aggregates in aqueous solutions. Here we show that the cyanine dye, S0271, assembles in water into vortex induced chiral J-aggregates. The chirality of the J-aggregates depends on the directionality of the vortex. This study utilised both conventional benchtop CD spectropolarimeters and Mueller matrix polarimetry. It was found that J-aggregates have real chirality alongside linear dichroism and linear and circular birefringence. We identify the factors that are key to the formation of metastable chiral J-aggregates and propose a mechanism for their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Clowes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dora M. Răsădean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Tamás Jávorfi
- B23 Beamline, Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | - G. Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Correspondence:
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Stefanelli M, Magna G, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Monti D. Stereospecific Self-Assembly Processes of Porphyrin-Proline Conjugates: From the Effect of Structural Features and Bulk Solvent Properties to the Application in Stereoselective Sensor Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15587. [PMID: 36555226 PMCID: PMC9779260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugating the porphyrin ring with an amino acid via amide linkage represents a straightforward way for conferring both amphiphilicity and chirality to the macrocycle. Proline residue is a good choice in this context since its conformational rigidity allows for porphyrin assembling where molecular chirality is efficiently transferred and amplified using properly honed aqueous environments. Herein, we describe the evolution of the studies carried out by our group to achieve chiral systems from some porphyrin-proline derivatives, both in solution and in the solid state. The discussion focuses on some fundamental aspects reflecting on the final molecular architectures obtained, which are related to the nature of the appended group (stereochemistry and charge), the presence of a metal ion coordinated to the porphyrin core and the bulk solvent properties. Indeed, fine-tuning the mentioned parameters enables the achievement of stereospecific structures with distinctive chiroptical and morphological features. Solid films based on these chiral systems were also obtained and their recognition abilities in gaseous and liquid phase are here described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Viale del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Magna G, Traini T, Naitana ML, Bussetti G, Domenici F, Paradossi G, Venanzi M, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Monti D, Stefanelli M. Seeding Chiral Ensembles of Prolinated Porphyrin Derivatives on Glass Surface: Simple and Rapid Access to Chiral Porphyrin Films. Front Chem 2022; 9:804893. [PMID: 35174141 PMCID: PMC8841355 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.804893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An easy and fast method to achieve chiral porphyrin films on glass is herein reported. The on-surface formation of organized supramolecular architectures with distinctive and remarkable chiroptical features strictly depends on the macrocycles used, the solvent chosen for the casting deposition, and most importantly, on the roughness of the glass slide. Dynamic light scattering studies performed on 10−4–10−6 M porphyrin solutions revealed the presence of small porphyrin aggregates, whose size and number increase depending on the initial concentration. Once transferred on surface, these protoaggregates act as nucleation seeds for the following, self-assembling into larger structures upon solvent evaporation, with a process driven by a fine balance between intermolecular and molecule–substrate interactions. The described method represents a straightforward way to fabricate porphyrin-based chiral surfaces onto a transparent and economic substrate in few minutes. The results obtained can be particularly promising for the development of sensors based on stereoselective optical active films, targeting the detection of chiral analytes of practical relevance, such as the so-called emerging pollutants released in the environment from agrochemical, food, and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magna
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Tanja Traini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Luigi Naitana
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Domenici
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manuela Stefanelli,
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Valentín-Pérez Á, Rosa P, Hillard EA, Giorgi M. Chirality determination in crystals. Chirality 2021; 34:163-181. [PMID: 34766388 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review article discusses chirality determination in the solid state, both in single crystals and in crystal assemblies, with an emphasis on X-ray diffraction. The main principles of using X-ray diffraction to reliably determine absolute structure are summarized, and the complexity which can be encountered in chiral structures-kryptoracemates, scalemates, and inversion twinning-is illustrated with examples from our laboratories and the literature. We then address the problem of the bulk crystallization and discuss different techniques to determine chirality in a large assembly of crystal structures, with a special prominence given to an X-ray natural circular dichroism mapping technique that we recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Rosa
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Elizabeth A Hillard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, Cedex, France.,CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
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