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Agognon AL, Casertano M, Vito A, Orso S, Cabaro S, Mormone F, Morelli C, Perruolo G, Formisano P, Menna M, Imperatore C, Oriente F. Marine-Derived Phosphoeleganin and Its Semisynthetic Derivative Decrease IL6 Levels and Improve Insulin Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6039. [PMID: 38892230 PMCID: PMC11173279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products constitute a great source of potential new antidiabetic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of phosphoeleganin (PE), a polyketide purified from the Mediterranean ascidian Sidnyum elegans, and its derivatives PE/2 and PE/3 on insulin sensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. In our experiments, insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of its receptor (INSR) and AKT by 1.5- and 3.5-fold, respectively, whereas in the presence of PE, PE/2, and PE/3, the insulin induced INSR phosphorylation is increased by 2.1-, 2-, and 1.5-fold and AKT phosphorylation by 7.1-, 6.0-, and 5.1-fold, respectively. Interestingly, PE and PE/2 have an additive effect on insulin-mediated reduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression. Finally, PE and PE/2, but not PE/3, decrease interleukin 6 (IL6) secretion and expression before and after palmitic acid incubation, while in the presence of high glucose (HG), only PE reduces IL6. Levels of other cytokines are not significantly affected by PE and its derivates. All these data suggest that PE and its synthetic-derived compound, PE/2, significantly decrease IL6 and improve hepatic insulin signaling. As IL6 impairs insulin action, it could be hypothesized that PE and PE/2, by inhibiting IL6, may improve the hepatic insulin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayewa L. Agognon
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Marcello Casertano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (C.I.)
| | - Alessio Vito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (C.I.)
| | - Sonia Orso
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Federica Mormone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Cristina Morelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Marialuisa Menna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (C.I.)
| | - Concetta Imperatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (C.I.)
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Gamal MA, Fahim SH, Giovannuzzi S, Fouad MA, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Hassan GS. Probing benzenesulfonamide-thiazolidinone hybrids as multitarget directed ligands for efficient control of type 2 diabetes mellitus through targeting the enzymes: α-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase II. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116434. [PMID: 38653067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by improper expression/function of a number of key enzymes that can be regarded as targets for anti-diabetic drug design. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological assessment of two series of thiazolidinone-based sulfonamides 4a-l and 5a-c as multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) with potential anti-diabetic activity through targeting the enzymes: α-glucosidase and human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) II. The synthesized sulfonamides were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase where most of the compounds showed good to potent activities. Compounds 4d and 4e showed potent inhibitory activities (IC50 = 0.440 and 0.3456 μM), comparable with that of the positive control (acarbose; IC50 = 0.420 μM). All the synthesized derivatives were also tested for their inhibitory activities against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. They exhibited different levels of inhibition against these isoforms. Compound 4d outstood as the most potent one against hCA II with Ki equals to 7.0 nM, more potent than the reference standard (acetazolamide; Ki = 12.0 nM). In silico studies for the most active compounds within the active sites of α-glucosidase and hCA II revealed good binding modes that can explain their biological activities. MM-GBSA refinements and molecular dynamic simulations were performed on the top-ranking docking pose of the most potent compound 4d to confirm the formation of stable complex with both targets. Compound 4d was screened for its in vivo antihyperglycemic efficacy by using the oral glucose tolerance test. Compound 4d decreased blood glucose level to 217 mg/dl, better than the standard acarbose (234 mg/dl). Hence, this revealed its synergistic mode of action on post prandial hyperglycemia and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, these benzenesulfonamide thiazolidinone hybrids could be considered as promising multi-target candidates for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Samar H Fahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, New Giza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ghaneya S Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
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Bhavana, Kohal R, Kumari P, Das Gupta G, Kumar Verma S. Druggable targets of protein tyrosine phosphatase Family, viz. PTP1B, SHP2, Cdc25, and LMW-PTP: Current scenario on medicinal Attributes, and SAR insights. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107121. [PMID: 38237392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are the class of dephosphorylation enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from tyrosine residues on proteins responsible for various cellular processes. Any disbalance in signal pathways mediated by PTPs leads to various disease conditions like diabetes, obesity, cancers, and autoimmune disorders. Amongst the PTP superfamily, PTP1B, SHP2, Cdc25, and LMW-PTP have been prioritized as druggable targets for developing medicinal agents. PTP1B is an intracellular PTP enzyme that downregulates insulin and leptin signaling pathways and is involved in insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. SHP2 is involved in the RAS-MAPK pathway and T cell immunity. Cdk-cyclin complex activation occurs by Cdc25-PTPs involved in cell cycle regulation. LMW-PTPs are involved in PDGF/PDGFR, Eph/ephrin, and insulin signaling pathways, resulting in certain diseases like diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancer. The signaling cascades of PTP1B, SHP2, Cdc25, and LMW-PTPs have been described to rationalize their medicinal importance in the pathophysiology of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Their binding sites have been explored to overcome the hurdles in discovering target selective molecules with optimum potency. Recent developments in the synthetic molecules bearing heterocyclic moieties against these targets have been explored to gain insight into structural features. The elaborated SAR investigation revealed the effect of substituents on the potency and target selectivity, which can be implicated in the further discovery of newer medicinal agents targeting the druggable members of the PTP superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Rupali Kohal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Preety Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India.
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Biharee A, Singh Y, Kulkarni S, Jangid K, Kumar V, Jain AK, Thareja S. An amalgamated molecular dynamic and Gaussian based 3D-QSAR study for the design of 2,4-thiazolidinediones as potential PTP1B inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108695. [PMID: 38118354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is the major cause of various diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer. PTP1B has been identified as a negative regulator of the insulin signaling cascade, thereby causing diabetes. Numerous anti-diabetic medications based on thiazolidinedione have been successfully developed; however, 2,4-thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD) scaffolds have been reported as potential PTP1B inhibitors for the manifestation of type 2 diabetes mellitus involving insulin resistance. In the present study, we have employed amalgamated approach involving MD-simulation studies (100 ns) as well as Gaussian field-based 3D-QSAR to develop a pharmacophoric model of 2,4-TZD as potent PTP1B inhibitors. MD simulation studies of the most potent compound in the PTP1B (PDB Id: 2QBS) binding pocket revealed that compound 43 was stable in the binding pocket and demonstrated excellent binding efficacy within the active site pocket. MM/GBSA results revealed that compound 43, bearing C-5 arylidine substitution, strongly bound to the target as compared to rosiglitazone with ΔGMM/GBSA difference of -11.13 kcal/mol. PCA, Rg, RMSF, RMSD, and SASA were analyzed from the complex's trajectories to anticipate the simulation outcome. We have suggested a series of 2,4-TZD as possible PTP1B inhibitors based on the results of MD simulation and 3D-QSAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadh Biharee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Akhlesh Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, C.G., 495 009, India.
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Ayoup MS, Khaled N, Abdel-Hamid H, Ghareeb DA, Nasr SA, Omer A, Sonousi A, Kassab AE, Eltaweil AS. Novel sulfonamide derivatives as multitarget antidiabetic agents: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7664-7675. [PMID: 38440282 PMCID: PMC10910856 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of new sulfonamide derivatives connected through an imine linker to five or seven membered heterocycles were designed and synthesized. All synthesized derivatives were characterized using a variety of spectroscopic methods, including IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. In vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activities, as well as glucose uptake were assessed for each of the synthesized compounds. Four sulfonamide derivatives namely 3a, 3b, 3h and 6 showed excellent inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 19.39, 25.12, 25.57 and 22.02 μM, respectively. They were 1.05- to 1.39-fold more potent than acarbose. Sulfonamide derivatives 3g, 3i and 7 (EC50 values of 1.29, 21.38 and 19.03 μM, respectively) exhibited significant glucose uptake activity that were 1.62- to 27-fold more potent than berberine. Both α-glucosidase protein (PDB: 2QMJ) and α-amylase (PDB: 1XCW) complexed with acarbose were adopted for docking investigations for the most active synthesized compounds. The docked compounds were able to inhabit the same space as the acarviosin ring of acarbose. The docking of the most active compounds showed an analogous binding with the active site of α-glucosidase as acarbose. The superior activity of the synthesized compounds against α-glucosidase enzyme than α-amylase enzyme can be rationalized by the weak interaction with the α-amylase. The physiochemical parameters of all synthesized compounds were aligned with Lipinski's rule of five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Samah A Nasr
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed Omer
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Dúbravská Cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg El-Arab City Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Amr Sonousi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University P.O. Box 11562 Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo Egypt
- University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation New Administrative Capital Cairo Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University P.O. Box 11562 Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem S Eltaweil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Applied Sciences Sultanate of Oman
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Maccari R, Ottanà R. Can Allostery Be a Key Strategy for Targeting PTP1B in Drug Discovery? A Lesson from Trodusquemine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119621. [PMID: 37298571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an enzyme crucially implicated in aberrations of various signaling pathways that underlie the development of different human pathologies, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its inhibition can prevent these pathogenetic events, thus providing a useful tool for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. The search for allosteric PTP1B inhibitors can represent a successful strategy to identify drug-like candidates by offering the opportunity to overcome some issues related to catalytic site-directed inhibitors, which have so far hampered the development of drugs targeting this enzyme. In this context, trodusquemine (MSI-1436), a natural aminosterol that acts as a non-competitive PTP1B inhibitor, appears to be a milestone. Initially discovered as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, trodusquemine exhibited a variety of unexpected properties, ranging from antidiabetic and anti-obesity activities to effects useful to counteract cancer and neurodegeneration, which prompted its evaluation in several preclinical and clinical studies. In this review article, we provide an overview of the main findings regarding the activities and therapeutic potential of trodusquemine and their correlation with PTP1B inhibition. We also included some aminosterol analogues and related structure-activity relationships that could be useful for further studies aimed at the discovery of new allosteric PTP1B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Maccari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ottanà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Raval KY, Tirgar PR. A pre-clinical study to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of p-propoxybenzoic acid as a multi-target inhibitor in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type-2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:571-580. [PMID: 37255789 PMCID: PMC10225424 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of p-propoxybenzoic acid (p-PBA). Methods 36 Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex were utilized for the study. Animals were injected with nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) to induce Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM). Animals with blood glucose levels (BGL) over 200 mg/kg were allocated in six groups. Three groups were treated with p-PBA dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg respectively; standard control group was treated with 5 mg/kg glibenclamide, while the other two groups were considered as normal control and disease control group. Body weight (BW) and BGL were recorded on Day 0, Day 7, Day 14, and Day 28. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum insulin levels and lipid profile were recorded on Day 28. Animals were euthanized on Day 28 and the pancreas was isolated for histopathological examination. Results Diabetic animals treated with p-PBA showed significant improvements in BW (P < 0.05) and BGL (P < 0.001) over 28 days. Levels of HbA1c (P < 0.05) and serum insulin (P < 0.001) were significantly regulated in animals treated with p-PBA. A significant decrease (P < 0.001) was observed in elevated levels of TC, TG, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol in animals treated with p-PBA. p-PBA significantly regulated the levels of HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001). A notable protective effect of p-PBA was observed through the histopathological examination of pancreas. Conclusion p-PBA can be characterized as a multi-target inhibiting anti-diabetic agent which can be evaluated against diabetic complications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01177-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keval Y. Raval
- School of Pharmacy, R K University, Rajkot, Gujarat India
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Ju SM, Ali MY, Ko SM, Ryu JH, Choi JS, Jung HA. An Arylbenzofuran, Stilbene Dimers, and Prenylated Diels–Alder Adducts as Potent Diabetic Inhibitors from Morus bombycis Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040837. [PMID: 37107213 PMCID: PMC10134988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Morus bombycis has a long history of usage as a treatment for metabolic diseases, especially, diabetes mellitus (DM). Thus, we aimed to isolate and evaluate bioactive constituents derived from M. bombycis leaves for the treatment of DM. According to bioassay-guided isolation by column chromatography, eight compounds were obtained from M. bombycis leaves: two phenolic compounds, p-coumaric acid (1) and chlorogenic acid methyl ester (2), one stilbene, oxyresveratrol (3), two stilbene dimers, macrourin B (4) and austrafuran C (6), one 2-arylbenzofuran, moracin M (5), and two Diels–Alder type adducts, mulberrofuran F (7) and chalcomoracin (8). Among the eight isolated compounds, the anti-DM activity of 3–8 (which possess chemotaxonomic significance in Morus species) was evaluated by inhibition of α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR), and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation as well as by scavenging peroxynitrite (ONOO−), which are crucial therapeutic targets of DM and its complications. Compounds 4 and 6–8 significantly inhibited α-glucosidase, PTP1B, and HRAR enzymes with mixed-type and non-competitive-type inhibition modes. Furthermore, the four compounds had low negative binding energies in both enzymes according to molecular docking simulation, and compounds 3–8 exhibited strong antioxidant capacity by inhibiting AGE formation and ONOO− scavenging. Overall results suggested that the most active stilbene-dimer-type compounds (4 and 6) along with Diels–Alder type adducts (7 and 8) could be promising therapeutic and preventive resources against DM and have the potential to be used as antioxidants, anti-diabetic agents, and anti-diabetic complication agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Ju
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Seung-Mi Ko
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sue Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.C.); (H.-A.J.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5845 (J.-S.C.); +82-63-270-4882 (H.-A.J.)
| | - Hyun-Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.C.); (H.-A.J.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5845 (J.-S.C.); +82-63-270-4882 (H.-A.J.)
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Designed multiple ligands for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: Discovery of (5-arylidene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)alkanoic acids active as novel dual-targeted PTP1B/AKR1B1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115270. [PMID: 36934484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious chronic disease with an alarmingly growing worldwide prevalence. Current treatment of T2DM mainly relies on drug combinations in order to control blood glucose levels and consequently prevent the onset of hyperglycaemia-related complications. The development of multiple-targeted drugs recently emerged as an attractive alternative to drug combinations for the treatment of complex diseases with multifactorial pathogenesis, such as T2DM. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) are two enzymes crucially involved in the development of T2DM and its chronic complications and, therefore, dual inhibitors targeted to both these enzymes could provide novel agents for the treatment of this complex pathological condition. In continuing our search for dual-targeted PTP1B/AKR1B1 inhibitors, we designed new (5-arylidene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)alkanoic acids. Among them, 3-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzylidene derivatives 6f and 7f, endowed with interesting inhibitory activity against both targets, proved to control specific cellular pathways implicated in the development of T2DM and related complications.
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10
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Laghezza A, Cerchia C, Genovese M, Leuci R, Pranzini E, Santi A, Brunetti L, Piemontese L, Tortorella P, Biswas A, Singh RP, Tambe S, Ca S, Pattnaik AK, Jayaprakash V, Paoli P, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F. A New Antidiabetic Agent Showing Short- and Long-Term Effects Due to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha/Gamma Dual Agonism and Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibition. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3566-3587. [PMID: 36790935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A new series of analogues or derivatives of the previously reported PPARα/γ dual agonist LT175 allowed the identification of ligand 10, which was able to potently activate both PPARα and -γ subtypes as full and partial agonists, respectively. Docking studies were performed to provide a molecular explanation for this different behavior on the two different targets. In vivo experiments showed that this compound induced a significant reduction in blood glucose and lipid levels in an STZ-induced diabetic mouse model displaying no toxic effects on bone, kidney, and liver. By examining in depth the antihyperglycemic activity of 10, we found out that it produced a slight but significant inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, acting also through insulin-independent mechanisms. This is the first example of a PPARα/γ dual agonist reported to show this inhibitory effect representing, therefore, the potential lead of a new class of drugs for treatment of dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rosalba Leuci
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Abanish Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Ravi Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Suhas Tambe
- Adgyl Lifesciences Private Ltd., Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Sudeep Ca
- Bioanalytical Section, Eurofins Advinus Biopharma Services India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pattnaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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11
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Casertano M, Genovese M, Santi A, Pranzini E, Balestri F, Piazza L, Del Corso A, Avunduk S, Imperatore C, Menna M, Paoli P. Evidence of Insulin-Sensitizing and Mimetic Activity of the Sesquiterpene Quinone Avarone, a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and Aldose Reductase Dual Targeting Agent from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020528. [PMID: 36839851 PMCID: PMC9964544 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and serious long-term complications. First-line therapeutic options for T2DM treatment are monodrug therapies, often replaced by multidrug therapies to ensure that non-responding patients maintain target glycemia levels. The use of multitarget drugs instead of mono- or multidrug therapies has been emerging as a main strategy to treat multifactorial diseases, including T2DM. Therefore, modern drug discovery in its early stages aims to identify potential modulators for multiple targets; for this purpose, exploration of the chemical space of natural products represents a powerful tool. Our study demonstrates that avarone, a sesquiterpene quinone obtained from the sponge Dysidea avara, is capable of inhibiting in vitro PTP1B, the main negative regulator of the insulin receptor, while it improves insulin sensitivity, and mitochondria activity in C2C12 cells. We observe that when avarone is administered alone, it acts as an insulin-mimetic agent. In addition, we show that avarone acts as a tight binding inhibitor of aldose reductase (AKR1B1), the enzyme involved in the development of diabetic complications. Overall, avarone could be proposed as a novel natural hit to be developed as a multitarget drug for diabetes and its pathological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Casertano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Genovese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Balestri
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Marine Pharmacology, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Piazza
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Corso
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Marine Pharmacology, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sibel Avunduk
- Medical Laboratory Programme, Vocational School of Health Care, Mugla University, Marmaris 48187, Turkey
| | - Concetta Imperatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Menna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-081678518 (M.M.); +39-0552751248 (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-081678518 (M.M.); +39-0552751248 (P.P.)
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12
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Pradhan T, Gupta O, Kumar V, Sristi, Chawla G. A comprehensive review on the antidiabetic attributes of thiazolidine-4-ones: Synthetic strategies and structure-activity relationships. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200452. [PMID: 36378997 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The thiazolidine-4-one scaffold has recently emerged as a potential pharmacophore having clinical significance for medicinal chemists. This heterocyclic ring has been reported to possess a plethora of biological activities, including antidiabetic activity that has inspired researchers to integrate this core with different pharmacophoric fragments to design novel and effective antidiabetic leads. The antidiabetic activity has been observed due to the ability of the thiazolidine-4-one nucleus to interact with different biological targets, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, aldose reductase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase. The present review discusses the mode of action of thiazolidine-4-ones through these antidiabetic drug targets. This review attempts to summarize and analyze the recent developments with regard to the antidiabetic potential of thiazolidine-4-ones covering different synthetic strategies, structure-activity relationships, and docking studies reported in the literature. The significance of various structural modifications at C-2, N-3, and C-5 of the thiazolidine-4-one ring has also been discussed in this manuscript. This comprehensive compilation will provide an inevitable scope for the design and development of potential antidiabetic drug candidates having a thiazolidine-4-one core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ojasvi Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sristi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gita Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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13
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A molecular hybridization approach for the design of selective aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors and exploration of their activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Tassopoulou VP, Tzara A, Kourounakis AP. Design of Improved Antidiabetic Drugs: A Journey from Single to Multitarget Agents. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200320. [PMID: 36184571 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multifactorial diseases exhibit a complex pathophysiology with several factors contributing to their pathogenesis and development. Examples of such disorders are neurodegenerative (e. g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) and cardiovascular diseases (e. g. atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes II). Traditional therapeutic approaches with single-target drugs have been proven, in many cases, unsatisfactory for the treatment of multifactorial diseases such as diabetes II. The well-established by now strategy of multitarget drugs is constantly gaining interest and momentum, as a more effective approach. The development of pharmacomolecules able to simultaneously modulate multiple relevant-to-the-disease targets has already several successful examples in various fields and has, as such, inspired the design of multitarget antidiabetic agents; this review highlights the design aspect and efficacy of this approach for improved antidiabetics by presenting several examples of successful pharmacophore combinations in (multitarget) agents that modulate two or more molecular targets involved in diabetes II, resulting in a superior antihyperglycemic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki-Panagiota Tassopoulou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadni Tzara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki P Kourounakis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
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15
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Genovese M, Luti S, Pardella E, Vivoli-Vega M, Pazzagli L, Parri M, Caselli A, Cirri P, Paoli P. Differential impact of cold and hot tea extracts on tyrosine phosphatases regulating insulin receptor activity: a focus on PTP1B and LMW-PTP. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1905-1918. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Dual Targeting of PTP1B and Aldose Reductase with Marine Drug Phosphoeleganin: A Promising Strategy for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100535. [PMID: 34677434 PMCID: PMC8540617 DOI: 10.3390/md19100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An in-depth study on the inhibitory mechanism on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase (AR) enzymes, including analysis of the insulin signalling pathway, of phosphoeleganin, a marine-derived phosphorylated polyketide, was achieved. Phosphoeleganin was demonstrated to inhibit both enzymes, acting respectively as a pure non-competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and a mixed-type inhibitor of AR. In addition, in silico docking analyses to evaluate the interaction mode of phosphoeleganin with both enzymes were performed. Interestingly, this study showed that phosphoeleganin is the first example of a dual inhibitor polyketide extracted from a marine invertebrate, and it could be used as a versatile scaffold structure for the synthesis of new designed multiple ligands.
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17
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Sipos Á, Szennyes E, Hajnal NÉ, Kun S, Szabó KE, Uray K, Somsák L, Docsa T, Bokor É. Dual-Target Compounds against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Proof of Concept for Sodium Dependent Glucose Transporter (SGLT) and Glycogen Phosphorylase (GP) Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040364. [PMID: 33920838 PMCID: PMC8071193 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A current trend in the quest for new therapies for complex, multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), is to find dual or even multi-target inhibitors. In DM, the sodium dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys and the glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the liver are validated targets. Several (β-D-glucopyranosylaryl)methyl (het)arene type compounds, called gliflozins, are marketed drugs that target SGLT2. For GP, low nanomolar glucose analogue inhibitors exist. The purpose of this study was to identify dual acting compounds which inhibit both SGLTs and GP. To this end, we have extended the structure-activity relationships of SGLT2 and GP inhibitors to scarcely known (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene type compounds and studied several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitors against SGLT. New compounds, such as 5-arylmethyl-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, 5-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 4-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidines and 4(5)-benzyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)imidazole were prepared by adapting our previous synthetic methods. None of the studied compounds exhibited cytotoxicity and all of them were assayed for their SGLT1 and 2 inhibitory potentials in a SGLT-overexpressing TSA201 cell system. GP inhibition was also determined by known methods. Several newly synthesized (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene derivatives had low micromolar SGLT2 inhibitory activity; however, none of these compounds inhibited GP. On the other hand, several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitor compounds with low micromolar efficacy against SGLT2 were identified. The best dual inhibitor, 2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole, had a Ki of 31 nM for GP and IC50 of 3.5 μM for SGLT2. This first example of an SGLT-GP dual inhibitor can prospectively be developed into even more efficient dual-target compounds with potential applications in future antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Nikolett Éva Hajnal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Katalin E. Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
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