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Mahmoud ME, Ahmed EM, Ragab HM, Eltelbany RFA, Hassan RA. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of novel triazolo[4,3- b]pyridazine derivatives as dual c-Met/Pim-1 potential inhibitors with antitumor activity. RSC Adv 2024; 14:30346-30363. [PMID: 39318461 PMCID: PMC11420776 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest has been piqued in c-Met and Pim-1, potential new cancer treatment targets. A variety of triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine derivatives were synthesized to create powerful dual c-Met/Pim-1 inhibitors having the pharmacophoric elements of both enzyme inhibitors. All derivatives were screened for their cytotoxic effects on 60 cancer cell lines. Compounds 4g and 4a, had strong antiproliferative cytotoxic impacts on tumor cells, with mean GI% values of 55.84 and 29.08%, respectively. Research revealed that 4g has more powerful inhibitory activity against c-Met and Pim-1, with IC50 of 0.163 ± 0.01 and 0.283 ± 0.01 μM, respectively than the reference and derivative 4a. Moreover, compound 4g was the subject of an additional investigation into biological processes. The findings showed that compound 4g caused MCF-7 cells to arrest in the S stage of the cell cycle. Also, it accelerated the progress of apoptosis 29.61-fold more than the control. Compound 4g demonstrated a significantly higher level of caspase-9 and a decreased level of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR compared to staurosporine. Later, analysis of 4g showed good drug-ability and pharmacokinetic properties. A similar mode of interaction at the ATP-binding site of c-Met and Pim-1 compared to the docked ligands was suggested by additional docking studies of compound 4g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) Cairo Egypt
| | - Eman M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Hamdy M Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Rania Farag A Eltelbany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
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2
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Eldehna WM, Tawfik HO, Abdulla MH, Nafie MS, Aref H, Shaldam MA, Alhassan NS, Al Obeed O, Elsayed ZM, Abdel-Aziz HA. Identification of indole-grafted pyrazolopyrimidine and pyrazolopyridine derivatives as new anti-cancer agents: Synthesis, biological assessments, and molecular modeling insights. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107804. [PMID: 39276491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
In the current medical era, developing new PIM-1 inhibitors stands as a significant approach to cancer management due to the pivotal role of PIM-1 kinase in promoting cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance in various cancers. This study involved designing and synthesizing new derivatives of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (6a-i) and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines (10a-i) as potential anti-cancer agents targeting PIM-1 kinase. The cytotoxicity was screened on three cancer cell lines: A-549 (lung), PANC-1 (pancreatic), and A-431 (skin), alongside MRC5 normal lung cells to assess selectivity. Several pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (6b, 6c, 6g, 6h, and 6i) and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (10f) demonstrated notable anticancer properties, particularly against A-549 lung cancer cells (IC50 range: 1.28-3.52 μM), also they exhibited significantly lower toxicity towards MRC5 normal cells. Thereafter, the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against PIM-1 kinase. Notably, 10f, bearing a 4-methoxyphenyl moiety, demonstrated good inhibition of PIM-1 with an IC50 of 0.18 μM. Additionally, 10f induced apoptosis and arrested cell cycle progression in A-549 cells. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations provided insights into the binding interactions and compounds' stability with PIM-1 kinase. The results highlight these compounds, especially 10f, as promising selective anticancer agents targeting PIM-1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria 21648, Egypt.
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Heba Aref
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Menoufia University, El Menoufia, Shebin El Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Noura S Alhassan
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria 21648, Egypt; Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Hochban PMM, Heyder L, Heine A, Diederich WE. What doesn't fit is made to fit: Pim-1 kinase adapts to the configuration of stilbene-based inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400094. [PMID: 38631036 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we have developed novel Pim-1 kinase inhibitors starting from a dihydrobenzofuran core structure using a computational approach. Here, we report the design and synthesis of stilbene-based Pim-1 kinase inhibitors obtained by formal elimination of the dihydrofuran ring. These inhibitors of the first design cycle, which were obtained as inseparable cis/trans mixtures, showed affinities in the low single-digit micromolar range. To be able to further optimize these compounds in a structure-based fashion, we determined the X-ray structures of the protein-ligand-complexes. Surprisingly, only the cis-isomer binds upon crystallization of the cis/trans-mixture of the ligands with Pim-1 kinase and the substrate PIMTIDE, the binding mode being largely consistent with that predicted by docking. After crystallization of the exclusively trans-configured derivatives, a markedly different binding mode for the inhibitor and a concomitant rearrangement of the glycine-rich loop is observed, resulting in the ligand being deeply buried in the binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil M M Hochban
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Zentrum für Tumor und Immunbiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Heyder
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Zentrum für Tumor und Immunbiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wibke E Diederich
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Zentrum für Tumor und Immunbiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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4
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Montero V, Montana M, Carré M, Vanelle P. Quinoxaline derivatives: Recent discoveries and development strategies towards anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116360. [PMID: 38614060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and a major health problem worldwide. While many effective anticancer agents are available, most drugs currently on the market are not specific, raising issues like the common side effects of chemotherapy. However, recent research hold promises for the development of more efficient and safer anticancer drugs. Quinoxaline and its derivatives are becoming recognized as a novel class of chemotherapeutic agents with activity against different tumors. The present review compiles and discusses studies concerning the therapeutic potential of the anticancer activity of quinoxaline derivatives, covering articles published between January 2018 and January 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Montero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, CEDEX 05, 13385, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille CEDEX 05, 13385, France.
| | - Marc Montana
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, CEDEX 05, 13385, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Oncopharma, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Manon Carré
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, CEDEX 05, 13385, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, Hôpital Conception, Marseille, 13005, France
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5
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Chen L, Mao W, Ren C, Li J, Zhang J. Comprehensive Insights that Targeting PIM for Cancer Therapy: Prospects and Obstacles. J Med Chem 2024; 67:38-64. [PMID: 38164076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proviral integration sitea for Moloney-murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are a family of highly conserved serine/tyrosine kinases consisting of three members, PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3. These kinases regulate a wide range of substrates through phosphorylation and affect key cellular processes such as transcription, translation, proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. Several PIM inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials, such as a phase I clinical trial of Uzanserti (5) for the treatment of relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that has been completed. The current focus encompasses the structural and biological characterization of PIM, ongoing research progress on small-molecule inhibitors undergoing clinical trials, and evaluation analysis of persisting challenges in this field. Additionally, the design and discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting PIM in recent years have been explored, with a particular emphasis on medicinal chemistry, aiming to provide valuable insights for the future development of PIM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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6
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Farghaly TA, Alqurashi RM, Masaret GS, Abdulwahab HG. Recent Methods for the Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives and their Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:920-982. [PMID: 37885112 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575264375231012115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives have been incorporated into numerous marketed drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. Examples include glecaprevir (Mavyret), voxilaprevir (Vosevi), Balversa (L01EX16) (erdafitinib), carbadox, XK469R (NSC698215), and becampanel (AMP397). These quinoxaline derivatives exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer, antiproliferative, antitumor, kinase inhibition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and analgesic effects. Recognizing the significance of these bioactive quinoxaline derivatives, researchers have dedicated their efforts to developing various synthetic methods for their production. This review aimed to compile the most recent findings on the synthesis and biological properties of quinoxaline derivatives from 2015 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M Alqurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Aboukhatwa SM, Ibrahim AO, Aoyama H, Al-Behery AS, Shaldam MA, El-Ashmawy G, Tawfik HO. Nicotinonitrile-derived apoptotic inducers: Design, synthesis, X-ray crystal structure and Pim kinase inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106126. [PMID: 36108589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although a plethora of targeted anticancer small molecule drugs became available, the low response rate and drug resistance imply the continuous need for expanding the anticancer chemical space. In this study, a novel series of nicotinonitrile derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activities in HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. All derivatives showed high to moderate cytotoxic activity against both cell lines, with cell-type and chemotype-dependent cytotoxic potential. The normal HEK-293 T cells were ca. 50-fold less susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of the inhibitors. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity of selected active cytotoxic derivatives 8c, 8e, 9a, 9e and 12 showed that they have sub- to one digit micromolar 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) against the three Pim kinase isoforms, with 8e being the most potent (IC50 ≤ 0.28 μM against three Pim kinases), comparable to the pan kinase inhibitor, Staurosporine. In HepG2, 8e induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Apoptotic mechanistic studies with 8c and 8e in HepG2 cells, indicated a significant upregulation in both P53 and caspase-3 relative gene expression, as well as increased Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression level. Further, docking studies combined with molecular dynamic simulation showed a stable complex with high binding affinity of 8e to Pim-1 kinase; exploiting a negative electrostatic potential surface interaction with the added dimethyl amino group in the new compounds. Moreover, in silico ADME profile prediction indicated that all compounds are orally bioavailable and most of them can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. This study presents novel nicotinonitrile derivatives as auspicious hits for further optimization as antiproliferative agents against liver cancer cells and promising pan Pim kinase inhibitors at submicromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Aboukhatwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Amera O Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ahmed S Al-Behery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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8
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Zhao Y, Aziz AUR, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li N, Liu B. A systematic review on active sites and functions of PIM-1 protein. Hum Cell 2022; 35:427-440. [PMID: 35000143 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Proviral Integration of Molony murine leukemia virus (PIM)-1 protein contributes to the solid cancers and hematologic malignancies, cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and other life activities. Many studies have related these functions to its molecular structure, subcellular localization and expression level. However, recognition of specific active sites and their effects on the activity of this constitutively active kinase is still a challenge. Based on the close relationship between its molecular structure and functional activity, this review covers the specific residues involved in the binding of ATP and different substrates in its catalytic domain. This review then elaborates on the relevant changes in protein conformation and cell functions after PIM-1 binds to different substrates. Therefore, this intensive study can improve the understanding of PIM-1-regulated signaling pathways by facilitating the discovery of its potential phosphorylation substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjin Campus of Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Dibenzofuran Derivatives Inspired from Cercosporamide as Dual Inhibitors of Pim and CLK1 Kinases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216572. [PMID: 34770981 PMCID: PMC8587151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pim kinases (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus kinases) are overexpressed in various types of hematological malignancies and solid carcinomas, and promote cell proliferation and survival. Thus, Pim kinases are validated as targets for antitumor therapy. In this context, our combined efforts in natural product-inspired library generation and screening furnished very promising dibenzo[b,d]furan derivatives derived from cercosporamide. Among them, lead compound 44 was highlighted as a potent Pim-1/2 kinases inhibitor with an additional nanomolar IC50 value against CLK1 (cdc2-like kinases 1) and displayed a low micromolar anticancer potency towards the MV4-11 (AML) cell line, expressing high endogenous levels of Pim-1/2 kinases. The design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and docking studies are reported herein and supported by enzyme, cellular assays, and Galleria mellonella larvae testing for acute toxicity.
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Han Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Li B, Xing K, Shi Y, Cao H, Zhang J, Tong T, Zang J, Guan L, Gao X, Wang Y, Liu D, Huang M, Jing Y, Zhao L. Optimization of 4,6-Disubstituted Pyrido[3,2- d]pyrimidines as Dual MNK/PIM Inhibitors to Inhibit Leukemia Cell Growth. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13719-13735. [PMID: 34515481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs) and provirus integration in maloney murine leukemia virus kinases (PIMs) are downstream enzymes of cell proliferation signaling pathways associated with the resistance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. MNKs and PIMs have complementary effects to regulate cap-dependent translation of oncoproteins. Dual inhibitors of MNKs and PIMs have not been developed. We developed a novel 4,6-disubstituted pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine compound 21o with selective inhibition of MNKs and PIMs. The IC50's of 21o to inhibit MNK1 and MNK2 are 1 and 7 nM and those to inhibit PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 are 43, 232, and 774 nM, respectively. 21o inhibits the growth of myeloid leukemia K562 and MOLM-13 cells with GI50's of 2.1 and 1.2 μM, respectively. 21o decreases the levels of p-eIF4E and p-4EBP1, the downstream products of MNKs and PIMs, as well as cap-dependent proteins c-myc, cyclin D1, and Mcl-1. 21o inhibits the growth of MOLM-13 cell xenografts without causing evident toxicity. 21o represents an innovative dual MNK/PIM inhibitor with a good pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuntao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongxue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jie Zang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lihong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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PIM Kinases in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174304. [PMID: 34503111 PMCID: PMC8428354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease and novel therapeutic agents/approaches are urgently needed. The PIM (Proviral insertion in murine malignancies) serine/threonine kinases have 3 isoforms: PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3. PIM kinases are engaged with an expansive scope of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, drug resistance, and immune response. An assortment of molecules and pathways that are critical to myeloma tumorigenesis has been recognized as the downstream targets of PIM kinases. The inhibition of PIM kinases has become an emerging scientific interest for the treatment of multiple myeloma and several PIM kinase inhibitors, such as SGI-1776, AZD1208, and PIM447 (formerly LGH447), have been developed and are under different phases of clinical trials. Current research has been focused on the development of a new generation of potent PIM kinase inhibitors with appropriate pharmacological profiles reasonable for human malignancy treatment. Combination therapy of PIM kinase inhibitors with chemotherapeutic appears to create an additive cytotoxic impact in cancer cells. Notwithstanding, the mechanisms by which PIM kinases modulate the immune microenvironment and synergize with the immunomodulatory agents such as lenalidomide have not been deliberately depicted. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the PIM kinase pathways and the current research status of the development of PIM kinase inhibitors for the treatment of MM. Additionally, the combinatorial effects of the PIM kinase inhibitors with other targeted agents and the promising strategies to exploit PIM as a therapeutic target in malignancy are highlighted.
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