1
|
Endalew SA, Taddese MG, Muhammed M. Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of dehydrocostus lactone isolated from Echinops kebericho root. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1990. [PMID: 38515542 PMCID: PMC10955224 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Echinops kebericho, an endemic plant to Ethiopia, traditionally used to treat infectious as well as noninfectious diseases. The primary objective of this study was isolating dehydrocostus lactone (DHCL) from E. kebericho and evaluating antibacterial activities on selected human pathogenic bacteria. Methods Extraction method used in this study was maceration. Based on the bioassay information methanol extract of the root of E. kebericho was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel by increasing solvent gradients to isolate DHCL. Optimized amount isolation of DHCL was done by dissolving methanol crude extract by hexane followed by recrystallization at room temperature in the dark place. Different concentrations of the extract were subjected by disc diffusion method against tested bacterial species and antioxidant activity test. Results The phytochemical analysis of E. kebericho revealed a high presence of terpenoids, which are diverse natural compounds known for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This suggests that terpenoids contribute significantly to the pharmacological effects of E. kebericho. In antibacterial testing, Escherichia coli was the most sensitive bacterium among all extracts and concentrations. The methanol extract displayed higher antioxidant activity compared to ethyl acetate and hexane extracts, indicating a higher concentration of antioxidant compounds. Notably, the isolated compound DHCL showed promising activity against tested pathogens and significant antioxidant activity. The higher activity of DHCL compared to the crude extracts suggests its responsibility for the observed effects, indicating that the isolation and purification process may have concentrated its beneficial properties. These findings highlight the potential of E. kebericho and DHCL as sources of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications. Conclusion All tested extracts and pure compound showed higher inhibition than positive controls in both bioassay. DHCL the principal bioactive component in the root extract of the plant and it displayed potent antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Awoke Endalew
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural SciencesWollo UniversityDessieEthiopia
| | - Minbale Gashu Taddese
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Computational SciencesDebre Berhan UniversityDebre BerhanEthiopia
| | - Meseret Muhammed
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural SciencesWollo UniversityDessieEthiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Natarajan Sankar H, Shanmugam R, Anandan J. Green Synthesis of Euphorbia tirucalli-Mediated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Against Wound Pathogens. Cureus 2024; 16:e53939. [PMID: 38469022 PMCID: PMC10925819 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Wound infections caused by pathogens present a considerable global health challenge, resulting in extended healing durations, elevated healthcare expenses, and potential fatalities. Conventional approaches to managing wound pathogens have limitations such as antibiotic resistance, toxicity and allergic reactions. Consequently, there is a rising interest in exploring alternative strategies for preventing and treating wound infections. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have gained attention for their potential in wound healing, attributed to their distinctive properties, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Methods TiO2NPs synthesized through Euphorbia tirucalli were examined for their antibacterial potential against wound pathogens, using the Kirby-Bauer agar-well diffusion method and time-kill curve assay. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated through a brine shrimp lethality assay. Results Green-synthesized TiO2NPs demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against tested wound pathogens, displaying a zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11 mm) and Escherichia coli (10 mm) at the highest concentration of 100 μg/mL. In the time-kill curve assay, the prepared TiO2NPs showed significant bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Escherichia coli. In the brine shrimp lethality assay, at the lowest concentration of 5 μg/mL of the prepared nanoparticles, 100% of the nauplii remained alive after 48 hours. Conclusion The results indicate that TiO2NPs synthesized using Euphorbia tirucalli extract exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against the tested wound pathogens. Moreover, the prepared nanoparticles exhibit lower toxicity, suggesting their potential use as an alternative to commercially available synthetic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Natarajan Sankar
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Jayasree Anandan
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao L, Kumaravel K, Xiong Q, Liang Y, Ju Z, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Actinomycins produced by endophyte Streptomyces sp. GLL-9 from navel orange plant exhibit high antimicrobial effect against Xanthomonas citri susp. citri and Penicillium italicum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4679-4693. [PMID: 37450767 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus canker and citrus blue mold are two severe diseases in citrus plants, which are mainly caused by Xanthomonas citri susp. citri (Xcc) and Penicillium italicum, respectively. The currently widely used pesticides for these two diseases are harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, searching for novel antimicrobial agents, especially from natural resources, is getting increasing interest. RESULTS In this study, the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. GLL-9, an endophyte from a navel orange tree, was found to exhibit excellent antimicrobial effects against Xcc and P. italicum. Bioassay-guided isolation led to the discovery of three actinomycins (Acts), actinomycin X2 (Act-X2 ), actinomycin D (ActD), and actinomycin XOβ (Act-XOβ ). The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of Act-X2 , ActD, and Act-XOβ were 31.25, 62.50, and 62.50 μg mL-1 against Xcc, respectively, while 62.50 (Act-X2 ) and 125.00 μg mL-1 (ActD) against P. italicum, being better or comparable to the positive controls. The highest yield of Acts was obtained by solid-state fermentation with rice containing 1% L-tryptophan as a culture medium, being 6.03, 3.07, and 1.02 mg g-1 , for Act-X2 , ActD, and Act-XOβ , respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. GLL-9 cultivated under the optimal fermentation conditions (EAE-1) can efficiently control these two citrus diseases by excessively producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both pathogens, damaging the cell membranes of P. italicum, and inhibiting the growth of Xcc. In addition, Act-X2 , ActD, and EAE-1 displayed broad-spectrum antifungal activity. CONCLUSION EAE-1 and Acts produced by Streptomyces sp. GLL-9 have high potential as novel antimicrobial agents against plant pathogens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Kaliaperumal Kumaravel
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Qin Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiran Ju
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
In Vitro Antifungal Antibacterial Activity of Partitions from Euphorbia tirucalli L. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the antifungal and antimicrobial sensitivity of Euphorbia tirucalli extracts in vitro. Antifungal and antibacterial activity was determined based on the M38-A and M26-A protocols, respectively. The methanolic and ethanolic partitions demonstrated antidermatophytic activity against Trichophyton rubrum (MIC 125 µg/mL for ethanol and MIC 125 µg/mL for methanol) and T. interdigitalis (MIC 500 µg/mL for ethanol; 125 µg/mL for methanol). These partitions also showed antibacterial activity—the ethanolic partition had an MIC of 1.56 ± 0.02 mg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate), 6.25 ± 0.04 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus BAA-44, 3.13 ± 0.13 mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853, and 3.13 ± 0.15 mg/mL against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; the methanolic partition showed an MIC of 1.56 ± 0.02 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa 27853 and 1.56 ± 0.043 mg/mL against E. coli ATCC 25922. These partitions show promise as antimicrobial agents or adjuvants in the treatment of infections caused by these microorganisms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Long Y, Luo R, Xu Z, Cheng S, Li L, Ma H, Bao M, Li M, Ouyang Z, Wang N, Duan S. A Fluorescent Reporter-Based Evaluation Assay for Antibacterial Components Against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:864963. [PMID: 35602035 PMCID: PMC9114712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the agent of citrus bacterial canker (CBC) disease, which has significantly reduced citrus quantity and quality in many producing areas worldwide. Copper-based bactericides are the primary products for CBC control and management, but the problems derived from copper-resistant and environmental contamination have become issues of anxiety. Thus, there is a need to find alternative antibacterial products instead of relying on a single type of agent. This study developed a method to evaluate the inhibition of antibacterial agents using the fluorescence-labeled recombinant Xcc strain (Xcc-eYFP). The optimization of timelines and parameters for the evaluation of antibacterial agents involved the use of a Spark™ multimode microplate reader. This evaluation and screening method can be applied to bactericides, cocktail-mixture formulations, antagonistic bacteria, and derived metabolites. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of commercial bactericides determined by fluorescence agrees with the MIC values determined by the conventional method. A screened cocktail-mixture bactericide presents more activity than the individual agents during the protective effects. Notably, this method has been further developed in the screening of Xcc-antagonistic bacterial strains. In summary, we provide a validated strategy for screening and evaluation of different antibacterial components for inhibition against Xcc for CBC control and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Long
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Luo
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Cheng
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haijie Ma
- College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minli Bao
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ouyang
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Shuo Duan
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Metabolomics Mechanism and Lignin Response to Laxogenin C, a Natural Regulator of Plants Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062990. [PMID: 35328410 PMCID: PMC8951225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laxogenin C (LGC) is a natural spirostanol deriving from plant hormone which has shown growing regulation similar to those of brassinosteroids. In the present study, LGC showed a promoting effect on tomato seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner. We applied LC-MS/MS to investigate metabolome variations in the tomato treated with LGC, which revealed 10 differential metabolites (DMs) related to KEGG metabolites, associated with low and high doses of LGC. Enrichment and pathway mapping based on the KEGG database indicated that LGC regulated expressions of 2-hydroxycinnamic acid and l-phenylalanine to interfere with phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoids biosynthesis. The two pathways are closely related to plant growth and lignin formation. In our further phenotypic verification, LGC was confirmed to affect seedling lignification and related phenylpropanoids, trans-ferulic acid and l-phenylalanine levels. These findings provided a metabolomic aspect on the plant hormone derivates and revealed the affected metabolites. Elucidating their regulation mechanisms can contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture. Further studies on agrichemical development would provide eco-friendly and efficient regulators for plant growth control and quality improvement.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ling W, Dai T, Zhang J, Liang Y, Yin W, Zhong B, Zhang J. Evaluation of Pomelo Seed Extracts as Natural Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Herbicidal Agents, and Their Functional Components. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100679. [PMID: 34651409 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pomelo seeds (PS) are important by-product of pomelo fruits (Citrus grandis Osbeck). The value-added utilization of PS remains highly challenged. This study aimed to investigate the utilization potential of PS as natural antioxidant, antibacterial, herbicidal agents, and their functional components. The ethanolic extract (EE) of PS and its four fractions as PEE (petroleum ether extract), AcOEtE (ethyl acetate extract), BTE (butanol extract), and WE (water extract), were prepared and biologically evaluated. BTE exhibited the best antioxidant activity among all these extracts, in both ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. AcOEtE was superior to other extracts in herbicidal assay against both Festuca elata Keng (IC50 of 0.48 mg mL-1 ) and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (IC50 of 0.94 mg mL-1 ). Meanwhile, both AcOEtE and BTE demonstrated inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, with MIC ranging 2.5-5.0 mg mL-1 . Furthermore, the primary chemical components involving naringin, deacetylnomilin, limonin, nomilin, and obacunone, were quantified in all these extracts. PCA (principal component analysis) suggested that naringin might highly contribute to the antioxidant activity of PS, and the herbicidal activity should be ascribed to limonoids. This study successfully identified AcOEtE and BTE as naturally occurring antioxidant, antibacterial, and herbicidal agents, showing application potential in food and cosmetics industries, and organic farming agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Tingrui Dai
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Wenyue Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Balian Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| |
Collapse
|