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Jiang S, Song B, Liu Z, Shen S, Qian W, Sun J, Chen G, Zhu Y. Neuronal activity in the anterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus positively correlated with sweetener consumption in mice. Neurosci Res 2024; 205:16-26. [PMID: 38364907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Although the brain can discriminate between various sweet substances, the underlying neural mechanisms of this complex behavior remain elusive. This study examines the role of the anterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (aPVT) in governing sweet preference in mice. We fed the mice six different diets with equal sweetness for six weeks: control diet (CD), high sucrose diet (HSD), high stevioside diet (HSSD), high xylitol diet (HXD), high glycyrrhizin diet (HGD), and high mogroside diet (HMD). The mice exhibited a marked preference specifically for the HSD and HSSD. Following consumption of these diets, c-Fos expression levels in the aPVT were significantly higher in these two groups compared to the others. Utilizing fiber photometry calcium imaging, we observed rapid activation of aPVT neurons in response to sucrose and stevioside intake, but not to xylitol or water. Our findings suggest that aPVT activity aligns with sweet preference in mice, and notably, stevioside is the sole plant-based sweetener that elicits an aPVT response comparable to that of sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; The Brain Cognition and Brain Diseases Institute of Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhongdong Liu
- Grain College, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, Sã o Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Shuifa Shen
- Hefei lnstitutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Zhejiang Guangsha Vocational and Technical University of Construction, Jinhua 322100, China
| | - Weiliang Qian
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, Sã o Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Gaowei Chen
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Diseases Institute of Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Diseases Institute of Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Torres-García I, Quílez del Moral JF, Barrero AF, González-Coloma A, Andrés MF, López-Pérez JL, Álvarez-Corral M, Rodríguez-García I, Muñoz-Dorado M. Molecular Diversity from Longipinenes of Santolina viscosa Lag. through Acid Catalysis: Biocidal Activity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:780. [PMID: 39062494 PMCID: PMC11274961 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for new compounds with biocidal potential was carried out, focusing on the longipinenes 1-7 from the plant species Santolina viscosa Lag. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed remarkable molecular diversity when treated in acidic reaction conditions. Protonic, Lewis, and heterogeneous compounds were used in the treatment. Three main models of reaction have been observed: isomerization of the double bond (8-10); rearrangements to longibornane-based skeleton (11-15) and ring-opening to himachalane-based skeleton (16-18). Secolongibornane aldehydes 23 and 24 were obtained after epoxide opening under the same reaction conditions. The elucidation of the structures of the new compounds was carried out using spectroscopic data and was supported by computational theoretical calculations of 13C NMR spectra. Additionally, high-resolution mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis were employed for certain compounds. Natural longipinenes 4-7, methyl esters 1-3 of corresponding natural carboxylic acids and the isomerized and derivatives compounds 8-19 exhibit moderate to high insecticidal activity against R. padi and M. persicae insects. Longipinene 5 shows potent inhibition against the root growth of the plants L. perenne and L. sativa, as well as compound 2 on the leaves of L. perenne. Furthermore, significant ixocidal and nematicidal activity was found for this latter compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Torres-García
- Organic Chemistry, University of Almería, ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain; (I.T.-G.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.R.-G.)
| | - José F. Quílez del Moral
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.F.Q.d.M.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Alejandro F. Barrero
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.F.Q.d.M.); (A.F.B.)
| | | | - María Fe Andrés
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences—CCMA, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (M.F.A.)
| | - José L. López-Pérez
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, CIETUS, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- CIPFAR. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panamá. Ave. Octavio Mendez Pereira, 3366 Panama City, Panama
| | - Miriam Álvarez-Corral
- Organic Chemistry, University of Almería, ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain; (I.T.-G.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.R.-G.)
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-García
- Organic Chemistry, University of Almería, ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain; (I.T.-G.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.R.-G.)
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Dorado
- Organic Chemistry, University of Almería, ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain; (I.T.-G.); (M.Á.-C.); (I.R.-G.)
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3
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Patel S, Navale A. The Natural Sweetener Stevia: An Updated Review on its Phytochemistry, Health Benefits, and Anti-diabetic Study. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e010523216398. [PMID: 37138480 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230501210803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is one of the significant high qualities of non-caloric sugar substitute sweetener plants against diabetes disease. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases caused by insulin secretion defects, insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, or both. Stevia rebaudiana is a perennial shrub of the Compositae family that is grown in several places around the world. It contains a plethora of different bioactive constituents which are responsible for several activities and sweetness. This sweetness is due to the presence of steviol glycosides which is 100-300 times sweeter than sucrose. Furthermore, stevia reduces oxidative stress, lowering the risk of diabetes. Its leaves have been used to control and treat diabetes and a variety of other metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the history, bioactive constituents of S. rebaudiana extract, pharmacology, anti-diabetic activity, and its application, especially in food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Patel
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Archana Navale
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Rodrigues Esperandim T, Barcelos Ribeiro A, Silva Squarisi I, Teixeira Marcos de Souza L, Olimpio de Souza T, Oliveira Acésio N, Ferreira Conceição Santos M, Kenupp Bastos J, Ricardo Ambrósio S, Crispim Tavares D. Toxicological and chemoprevention studies of Brazilian brown propolis from Araucaria sp. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:791-802. [PMID: 37592437 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2243976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian brown propolis (BBP) is a natural product derived predominantly from the south region of Brazil, where Araucaria forests are dominant. Despite its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with leishmanicidal, anti-inflammatory, nociceptive, and antimicrobial properties, BBP has not been comprehensively studied compared to green propolis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the safety and chemopreventive potential of BBP. The cytotoxicity attributed to BBP was assessed using two different assays, while the Salmonella/microsome assay was employed to evaluate mutagenicity. The acute toxicity attributed to BBP was determined using a zebrafish model, while the chemopreventive potential was investigated utilizing Chinese hamster lung (V79) cell lines. Data demonstrated that BBP exerted cytotoxic effects at concentrations greater than or equal to 10 µg/ml and did not exhibit mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. However, at the highest concentration tested (4000 µg/plate), BBP induced a significant increase in revertant colonies in S. typhimurium TA102 strain. The LC50 equivalent to 8.83 mg/L was obtained in the acute toxicity evaluation in zebrafish. BBP also showed antigenotoxic effect by significantly reducing chromosomal damage induced by the mutagen doxorubicin in V79 cell cultures at a concentration of 2.5 μg/ml. Compared to Brazilian green and red propolis, BBP exhibited greater toxicity. On the other hand, at lower concentrations, BBP displayed chemopreventive potential, which may be associated with the antioxidant capacity of the extract. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the biological properties and potential applications of BBP in treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Barcelos Ribeiro
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14.404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Silva Squarisi
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14.404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Olimpio de Souza
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14.404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Oliveira Acésio
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14.404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14.404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Crispim Tavares
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14.404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Tang Z, Zhang M, Gao L, Bao Y, Li P, Wang M, Shao T, Wang G, Liu C. Optimal extraction of polysaccharides from Stevia rebaudiana roots for protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37791599 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2263905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana boasts a wide range of medical and food applications and contains polysaccharides that exert beneficial effects against oxidative stress. In this study, we optimised the extraction of a polysaccharide (SRRP) from S. rebaudiana roots by employing a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 93.57 min, 71.67 °C, and a water-to-raw material ratio of 21.40 mL/g. Under these conditions, 14.00 ± 0.35% of crude polysaccharide was obtained. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with SRRP prior to the addition of H2O2, a major contributor to oxidative damage, significantly increased cell viability. In addition, SRRP increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde in RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, SRRP can provide effective protection against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. These findings indicate the potential of SRRP as a natural antioxidant in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Lan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yulong Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Wuhu Medical and Health School, Wuhu, China
| | - Taili Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhu, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhu, China
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6
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Shahu R, Kumar D, Ali A, Tungare K, Al-Anazi KM, Farah MA, Jobby R, Jha P. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: A Natural Antiglycating Agent and Non-Toxic Support for HDF Cell Health. Molecules 2023; 28:6797. [PMID: 37836640 PMCID: PMC10574660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar carbonyl groups interact with protein amino groups, forming toxic components referred to as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The glycation system (BSA, a model protein, and fructose) was incubated for five weeks at 37 °C in the presence and absence of Stevia leaf extract. The results indicated that the leaf extract (0.5 mg/mL) decreased the incidence of browning (70.84 ± 0.08%), fructosamine (67.27 ± 0.08%), and carbonyl content (64.04 ± 0.09%). Moreover, we observed an 81 ± 8.49% reduction in total AGEs. The inhibition of individual AGE (argpyrimidine, vesper lysine, and pentosidine) was ~80%. The decrease in the protein aggregation was observed with Congo red (46.88 ± 0.078%) and the Thioflavin T (31.25 ± 1.18%) methods in the presence of Stevia leaf extract. The repercussion of Stevia leaf extract on DNA glycation was examined using agarose gel electrophoresis, wherein the DNA damage was reversed in the presence of 1 mg/mL of leaf extract. When the HDF cell line was treated with 0.5 mg/mL of extract, the viability of cells decreased by only ~20% along with the same cytokine IL-10 production, and glucose uptake decreased by 28 ± 1.90% compared to the control. In conclusion, Stevia extract emerges as a promising natural agent for mitigating glycation-associated challenges, holding potential for novel therapeutic interventions and enhanced management of its related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkey Shahu
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai–Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India (R.J.)
- Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai–Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, Maharashtra, India; (D.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, Maharashtra, India; (D.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed to Be University, Plot No. 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Khalid Mashay Al-Anazi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.-A.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Mohammad Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.-A.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai–Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India (R.J.)
- Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai–Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pamela Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS Deemed to Be University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
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Papaefthimiou M, Kontou PI, Bagos PG, Braliou GG. Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Extracts from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Exerts Attenuating Effect on Diseased Experimental Rats: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3325. [PMID: 37571265 PMCID: PMC10420666 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is an aromatic plant known for its high sweetening power ascribed to its glycosides. Stevia also contains several bioactive compounds showing antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Since inflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, stevia emerges as a promising natural product that could support human health. In this study we set out to investigate the way stevia affects oxidative stress markers (e.g., SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, MDA) in diseased rats administered stevia leaf extracts or glycosides. To this end, we performed an inclusive literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, and recruited multivariate meta-analysis and meta-regression to synthesize all available data on experimental animal models encountering (a) healthy, (b) diseased, and (c) stevia-treated diseased rats. From the 184 articles initially retrieved, 24 satisfied the eligibility criteria, containing 104 studies. Our results demonstrate that regardless of the assay employed, stevia leaf extracts restored all oxidative stress markers to a higher extent compared to pure glycosides. Meta-regression analysis revealed that results from SOD, CAT, GSH, and TAC assays are not statistically significantly different (p = 0.184) and can be combined in meta-analysis. Organic extracts from stevia leaves showed more robust antioxidant properties compared to aqueous or hydroalcoholic ones. The restoration of oxidative markers ranged from 65% to 85% and was exhibited in all tested tissues. Rats with diabetes mellitus were found to have the highest restorative response to stevia leaf extract administration. Our results suggest that stevia leaf extract can act protectively against various diseases through its antioxidant properties. However, which of each of the multitude of stevia compounds contribute to this effect, and to what extent, awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaefthimiou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35 131 Lamia, Greece; (M.P.); (P.G.B.)
| | | | - Pantelis G. Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35 131 Lamia, Greece; (M.P.); (P.G.B.)
| | - Georgia G. Braliou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35 131 Lamia, Greece; (M.P.); (P.G.B.)
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Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Properties of Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from Stevia spp.: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020647. [PMID: 36839969 PMCID: PMC9961625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia species (Asteraceae) have been a rich source of terpenoid compounds, mainly sesquiterpene lactones, several of which show antiprotozoal activity. In the search for new trypanocidal compounds, S. satureiifolia var. satureiifolia and S. alpina were studied. Two sesquiterpene lactones, santhemoidin C and 2-oxo-8-deoxyligustrin, respectively, were isolated. These compounds were assessed in vitro against Trypanosoma cruzi stages, showing IC50 values of 11.80 and 4.98 on epimastigotes, 56.08 and 26.19 on trypomastigotes and 4.88 and 20.20 µM on amastigotes, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on Vero cells by the MTT assay. The effect of the compounds on trypanothyone reductase (TcTR), Trans-sialidase (TcTS) and the prolyl oligopeptidase of 80 kDa (Tc80) as potential molecular targets of T. cruzi was investigated. Santhemoidin C inhibited oligopeptidase activity when tested against recombinant Tc80 using a fluorometric assay, reaching an IC50 of 34.9 µM. Molecular docking was performed to study the interaction between santhemoidin C and the Tc80 protein, reaching high docking energy levels. Plasma membrane shedding and cytoplasmic vacuoles, resembling autophagosomes, were detected by transmission microscopy in parasites treated with santhemoidin C. Based on these results, santhemoidin C represents a promising candidate for further studies in the search for new molecules for the development of trypanocidal drugs.
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9
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Wang Y, Luo X, Chen L, Mustapha AT, Yu X, Zhou C, Okonkwo CE. Natural and low-caloric rebaudioside A as a substitute for dietary sugars: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:615-642. [PMID: 36524621 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For health and safety concerns, traditional high-calorie sweeteners and artificial sweeteners are gradually replaced in food industries by natural and low-calorie sweeteners. As a natural and high-quality sugar substitute, steviol glycosides (SvGls) are continually scrutinized regarding their safety and application. Recently, the cultivation of organic stevia has been increasing in many parts of Europe and Asia, and it is obvious that there is a vast market for sugar substitutes in the future. Rebaudioside A, the main component of SvGls, is gradually accepted by consumers due to its safe, zero calories, clear, and sweet taste with no significant undesirable characteristics. Hence, it can be used in various foods or dietary supplements as a sweetener. In addition, rebaudioside A has been demonstrated to have many physiological functions, such as antihypertension, anti-diabetes, and anticaries. But so far, there are few comprehensive reviews of rebaudioside A. In this review article, we discuss the physicochemical properties, metabolic process, safety, regulatory, health benefits, and biosynthetic pathway of rebaudioside A and summarize the modification methods and state-of-the-art production and purification techniques of rebaudioside A. Furthermore, the current problems hindering the future production and application of rebaudioside A are analyzed, and suggestions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | | | - Xiaojie Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Clinton Emeka Okonkwo
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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10
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Antiparasitic Effects of Asteraceae Species Extracts on Echinococcus granulosus s.s. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6371849. [PMID: 36193140 PMCID: PMC9526667 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6371849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), which is worldwide distributed and causes long-lasting infections in animals and humans. The existing treatment is limited to the use of benzimidazoles, mainly albendazole (ABZ). However, it has unwanted side effects and its efficacy is about 50%. The Asteraceae family includes plants that have therapeutic applications (medicinal species) and has an important role in new drug development. The species belonging to a different genus of this family show a wide range of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antiparasitic activities, among others. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of extracts of four Asteraceae species against protoscoleces of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.). On the other hand, the Stevia aristata extract was assessed on the murine cyst of E. granulosus (s.s.) and the efficacy of S. aristata extract was investigated in a murine model of CE. Stevia satureiifolia, S. aristata, Grindelia pulchella, and G. chiloensis extracts at 100 μg/mL caused a decrease in protoscoleces viability; however, S. aristata extract produced the greatest in vitro protoscolicidal effect. After 20 days of treatment with the highest concentration (100 μg/mL) of S. aristata extract, protoscoleces viability decreased to 0%. The tegumental changes observed by scanning electron microscopy were consistent with the reduction in vitality. The collapse of the germinal layer was registered in 60 ± 5.8% and 83.3 ± 12.0% of cysts treated during 4 days with 50 and 100 μg/ml, respectively. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of the S. aristata extract against E. granulosus (s.s.) cysts was 47.86 μg/mL (96 h). The dosage of infected animals with the 50 mg kg−1 dose of S. aristata extract resulted in a significant reduction in cyst weight in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, S. aristata extract was demonstrated to exert a marked effect, both in vitro and in the murine model.
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Maleš I, Pedisić S, Zorić Z, Elez-Garofulić I, Repajić M, You L, Vladimir-Knežević S, Butorac D, Dragović-Uzelac V. The medicinal and aromatic plants as ingredients in functional beverage production. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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12
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Kurek JM, Zielińska-Wasielica J, Kowalska K, Krejpcio Z, Olejnik A. Modulating effects of steviol and steviol glycosides on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, glucose uptake and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Albani CM, Borgo J, Fabbri J, Pensel P, Fasciani L, Elso O, Papademetrio D, Grasso D, Paladini A, Beer MF, Farias NE, Elissondo N, Gambino G, Zoppi J, Sülsen V, Elissondo MC. Anthelmintic activity of Stevia multiaristata extract against Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Parasitology 2022; 149:519-528. [PMID: 35331352 PMCID: PMC11010565 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021002109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The available anti-parasitic treatment is mostly limited to a continuous administration of albendazole. However, due to its numerous side-effects and efficacy of around 50%, there is a need to find new drugs to improve the treatment for this disease. In the current study, the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a Stevia multiaristata extract against E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) was demonstrated. Stevia multiaristata extract (100 and 50 μg mL−1) caused a quick viability decrease on protoscoleces which was consistent with the observed tegumental alterations. Loss of turgidity was detected in 95 ± 3.4% of cysts incubated with S. multiaristata extract during 2 days (100 μg mL−1) and the collapse of the germinal layer was observed in 60 ± 9.3% of cysts treated with 100 μg mL−1 of the S. multiaristata extract during 4 days. The half maximal effective concentration value was 69.6 μg mL−1 and the selectivity index for E. granulosus s.s. cysts was 1.9. In this clinical efficacy study, the treatment of infected mice with the S. multiaristata extract (50 mg kg−1) caused a significant decrease in the weight of the cysts compared with the control group. These results coincided with the tissue damage observed in the cysts at the ultrastructural level. In conclusion, we observed high protoscolicidal and cysticidal effects, and significant reduction in the weight of the cysts in experimentally infected mice following treatment with the S. multiaristata extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Albani
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales – UNMdP, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP); Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata – CONICET; Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J. Borgo
- CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J. Fabbri
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales – UNMdP, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP); Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata – CONICET; Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P. Pensel
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales – UNMdP, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP); Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata – CONICET; Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Fasciani
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O. Elso
- CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D. Papademetrio
- CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D. Grasso
- CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Paladini
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNLP), Cátedra de Parasitología Comparada, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. F. Beer
- CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. E. Farias
- Laboratorio de Invertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC) (UNMDP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - N. Elissondo
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Santisteban, 7000Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G. Gambino
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Santisteban, 7000Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J. Zoppi
- Hospital Privado de Comunidad, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V. Sülsen
- CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. C. Elissondo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales – UNMdP, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP); Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata – CONICET; Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Adekenov S. Syntheses Based on 3,4α-Epoxy-1,5,7α,6β(H)-guai-10(14),11(13)-dien-6,12-olide. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061862. [PMID: 35335225 PMCID: PMC8949978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene γ-lactone estafiatin 1, the molecule of which has a structure of 3,4α-epoxy-1,5,7α,6β(H)-guai-10(14),11(13)-dien-6,12-olide, is characteristic of plants of the genera Achillea L. and Artemisia L. of the Asteraceae family. This article presents the results of chemical modification for three reaction centers of the estafiatin molecule 1: epoxy cycle, exomethylene group conjugated with γ-lactone carbonyl, and exomethylene group in position C10=C14; and at the same time 33 new derivatives were synthesized, the structures of which were established based on physicochemical constants, spectral data (IR-, PMR-, 13C-NMR), and X-ray diffraction analysis. The stereo- and regiospecificity, as well as the chemoselectivity of the reaction based on estafiatin molecule 1, are discussed. The reactivity of the substrate is significantly influenced by the stereochemistry of its molecule, the nature of the reagent, and the reaction medium. Based on the results of in silico screening, derivatives of estafiatin with high binding energies for both DNA-topoisomerase I and DNA-topoisomerase II were identified. The values of the inhibitory dose of IC50 for estafiatin 1 and its derivatives were determined on cell lines of eight types of tumors. in vivo experiments of the samples made it possible to establish that estafiatin 1 and its derivatives have pronounced antitumor activity against Pliss lymphosarcoma, Walker’s carcinosarcoma, sarcoma 45, sarcoma-180, alveolar liver cancer PC-1, leukemia P-388 and L-1210, and sarcoma-45 resistant to 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergazy Adekenov
- JSC International Research and Production Holding "Phytochemistry", Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan
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Zhang Y. Mechanism of neuroprotective effect of stevioside on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via PPAR-γ activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:704-712. [PMID: 34448677 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1966034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to explore the possible protective effects and its mechanism of stevioside on cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) induced neuron damages. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat models were constructed. The rats were treated with stevioside treatment, PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662, PPAR-γ activator pioglitazone or PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 before neurological deficits were assessed using modified Neurological Severity Scale (mNSS) scores. The infarct size, brain injury, apoptotic cells, inflammatory cytokines in neurons extracted from MCAO/R rats were determined by TTC staining, H&E staining, TUNEL staining, qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Stevioside attenuates MCAO/R-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation by regulating PPAR-γ expression. Besides, PPAR-γ activates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 or PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects of stevioside on MCAO/R rats. CONCLUSION Stevioside alleviates MCAO/R-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation by upregulating PPAR-γ to activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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