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Lyu Y, Becerril LM, Vanzan M, Corni S, Cattelan M, Granozzi G, Frasconi M, Rajak P, Banerjee P, Ciancio R, Mancin F, Scrimin P. The Interaction of Amines with Gold Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211624. [PMID: 36952309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between amines and the surface of gold nanoparticles is important because of their role in the stabilization of the nanosystems, in the formation of the protein corona, and in the preparation of semisynthetic nanozymes. By using fluorescence spectroscopy, electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and molecular simulation, a detailed picture of these interactions is obtained. Herein, it is shown that amines interact with surface Au(0) atoms of the nanoparticles with their lone electron pair with a strength linearly correlating with their basicity corrected for steric hindrance. The kinetics of binding depends on the position of the gold atoms (flat surfaces or edges) while the mode of binding involves a single Au(0) with nitrogen sitting on top of it. A small fraction of surface Au(I) atoms, still present, is reduced by the amines yielding a much stronger Au(0)-RN.+ (RN. , after the loss of a proton) interaction. In this case, the mode of binding involves two Au(0) atoms with a bridging nitrogen placed between them. Stable Au nanoparticles, as those required for robust semisynthetic nanozymes preparation, are better obtained when the protein is involved (at least in part) in the reduction of the gold ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Lyu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | - Mirko Vanzan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Mattia Cattelan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Piu Rajak
- CNR-IOM TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, Basovizza S.S. 14, km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Via Beirut, 6, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - Pritam Banerjee
- CNR-IOM TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, Basovizza S.S. 14, km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Via Beirut, 6, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - Regina Ciancio
- CNR-IOM TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, Basovizza S.S. 14, km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
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Kilic NI, Saladino GM, Johansson S, Shen R, McDorman C, Toprak MS, Johansson S. Two-Photon Polymerization Printing with High Metal Nanoparticle Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49794-49804. [PMID: 37816209 PMCID: PMC10614202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is an efficient technique to achieve high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D)-printed complex structures. However, it is restricted to photocurable monomer combinations, thus presenting constraints when aiming at attaining functionally active resist formulations and structures. In this context, metal nanoparticle (NP) integration as an additive can enable functionality and pave the way to more dedicated applications. Challenges lay on the maximum NP concentrations that can be incorporated into photocurable resist formulations due to the laser-triggered interactions, which primarily originate from laser scattering and absorption, as well as the limited dispersibility threshold. In this study, we propose an approach to address these two constraints by integrating metallic Rh NPs formed ex situ, purposely designed for this scope. The absence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) within the visible and near-infrared spectra, coupled with the limited absorption value measured at the laser operating wavelength (780 nm), significantly limits the laser-induced interactions. Moreover, the dispersibility threshold is increased by engineering the NP surface to be compatible with the photocurable resin, permitting us to achieve concentrations of up to 2 wt %, which, to our knowledge, is significantly higher than the previously reported limit (or threshold) for embedded metal NPs. Another distinctive advantage of employing Rh NPs is their role as promising contrast agents for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) bioimaging. We demonstrated the presence of Rh NPs within the whole 2PP-printed structure and emphasized the potential use of NP-loaded 3D-printed nanostructures for medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhet I. Kilic
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Microsystems Technology, Uppsala University, SE 75103 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni M. Saladino
- Department
of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE 75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Cacie McDorman
- Alleima
Advanced Materials, Palm Coast, Florida 32164, United States
| | - Muhammet S. Toprak
- Department
of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Microsystems Technology, Uppsala University, SE 75103 Uppsala, Sweden
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M. Aldebasi S, Tar H, S. Alnafisah A, Beji L, Kouki N, Morlet-Savary F, Alminderej FM, Aroua LM, Lalevée J. Photochemical Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Influence of Metal Salt Concentration on Size and Distribution. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14018. [PMID: 37762321 PMCID: PMC10530956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the photochemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, specifically gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles, using a one-component photoinitiator system. The synthesis process involves visible light irradiation at a wavelength of 419 nm and an intensity of 250 mW/cm2. The radical-generating capabilities of the photoinitiators were evaluated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The main objective of this study was to investigate how the concentration of metal salts influences the size and distribution of the nanoparticles. Proposed mechanisms for the photochemical formation of nanoparticles through photoinitiated radicals were validated using cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the concentration of AgNO3 significantly impacted the size of silver nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 1 to 5 nm at 1 wt% and 3 wt% concentrations, while increasing the concentration to 5 wt% led to an increase in the diameter of silver nanoparticles to 16 nm. When HAuCl4 was used instead of AgNO3, it was found that the average diameters of gold nanoparticles synthesized using both photoinitiators at different concentrations ranged between 1 and 4 nm. The findings suggest that variations in HAuCl4 concentration have minimal impact on the size of gold nanoparticles. The photoproduction of AuNPs was shown to be thermodynamically favorable, with the reduction of HAuCl4 to Au0 having ∆G values of approximately -3.51 and -2.96 eV for photoinitiators A and B, respectively. Furthermore, the photoreduction of Ag+1 to Ag0 was demonstrated to be thermodynamically feasible, with ∆G values of approximately -3.459 and -2.91 eV for photoinitiators A and B, respectively, confirming the effectiveness of the new photoinitiators on the production of nanoparticles. The synthesis of nanoparticles was monitored using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and their sizes were determined through particle size analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad M. Aldebasi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (N.K.); (F.M.A.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Haja Tar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (N.K.); (F.M.A.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Abrar S. Alnafisah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (N.K.); (F.M.A.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Lotfi Beji
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences and Arts at ArRass, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noura Kouki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (N.K.); (F.M.A.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (F.M.-S.); (J.L.)
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (N.K.); (F.M.A.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Lotfi M. Aroua
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (N.K.); (F.M.A.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (F.M.-S.); (J.L.)
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Devadas MS, Smolyaninova V, Krushinski L, Aligholizadeh D, Langford K, Korzi W, Miller C, Kadasala NR, Zhukovskyi M, Hondrogiannis E. Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetoplasmonic Air-Stable Au@FeCo. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1947-1956. [PMID: 36701794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of FeCo alloys as highly magnetic nanoparticles has been valuable, as far as applications for magnetic nanoparticles are concerned. However, recently, a field of magnetoplasmonics in which magnetic nanoparticles such as the FeCo alloys doped with plasmonic materials such as Au and Ag to create a hybrid nanostructure with both properties has emerged. These magnetoplasmonic metamaterials have greatly enhanced the limit of detection of analytes in spectroscopic methods, as well as providing a more widely applicable nanoparticle to broaden the use of FeCo alloys even further. Herein, we discuss the synthesis of high-yield and fairly monodisperse spherical FeCo and Au-doped FeCo (Au@FeCo) with varying compositions of Au synthesized via the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) and dicobalt octacarbonyl (Co2(CO)8), followed by the addition of Au atoms using triphenylphosphine gold(I) chloride ((Ph3P)AuCl) via both coprecipitation and by delayed addition methods. The products were separated using a hand-held magnet, and then characterized via ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), and magnetization measurements. Optical studies revealed a plasmonic peak at 550 nm in the Au@FeCo nanoparticles that had a gold content (%Au) of >2% (by weight), determined using F-AAS. Colocation of the Fe, Co, and Au were demonstrated through EDX analysis. Location of the Au atoms in the core were seen through high-resolution bright-field imaging. To understand the use of these nanoparticles for potential application in therapeutics and/or electronics, resistance measurements were performed to assess power loss as a function of frequency. We also achieved magnetization values as high as 150 emu/g and as low as 50 emu/g for gold-loaded samples based on %Au by weight. This paves the way to continue to develop magneto-plasmonic structures chemically using these synthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sajini Devadas
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | - Vera Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | - Lynn Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | | | - Kameron Langford
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | - William Korzi
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | - Cody Miller
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | | | - Maksym Zhukovskyi
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Ellen Hondrogiannis
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
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Presnova GV, Zhdanov GA, Filatova LY, Ulyashova MM, Presnov DE, Rubtsova MY. Improvement of Seed-Mediated Growth of Gold Nanoparticle Labels for DNA Membrane-Based Assays. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:2. [PMID: 36671837 PMCID: PMC9855534 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are popular labels for colorimetric detection of various analytes, involving proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and whole cells because of their outstanding optical properties, inertness, and modification variability. In this work, we present an improved approach for enhancement of color intensity for DNA membrane microarrays based on seed-mediated growth of AuNP labels. Biotin-labeled DNA is hybridized with capture oligonucleotide probes immobilized on the microarrays. Then biotin is revealed by a streptavidin-AuNP conjugate followed by the detection of AuNPs. Optimization of seed-mediated enlargement of AuNPs by the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid with hydroxylamine made it possible to change the coloring of specific spots on the microarrays from pink to a more contrasting black with minor background staining. Mean size of the resulting AuNPs was four times larger than before the enhancement. Adjusting the pH of HAuCl4 solution to 3.5 and use of a large excess of hydroxylamine increased the signal/background ratio by several times. The method's applicability was demonstrated for quantification of a short oligonucleotide of 19 bases and full-length TEM-type β-lactamase genes of 860 bp responsible for the development of bacterial resistance against β-lactam antibiotics. Improved protocol for AuNP enlargement may be further transferred to any other membrane-based assays of nucleic acids with both instrumental and visual colorimetric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Presnova
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb A. Zhdanov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Luibov Yu. Filatova
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya M. Ulyashova
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis E. Presnov
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- MSU Quantum Technology Centre, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Cryoelectronics Lab, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maya Yu. Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Xiao D, Qi H, Teng Y, Pierre D, Kutoka PT, Liu D. Advances and Challenges of Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:167. [PMID: 34837561 PMCID: PMC8626755 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, new types of fluorescent nanomaterials (FNMs) have been springing up in the past two decades. The nanometer scale endows FNMs with unique optical properties which play a critical role in their applications in bioimaging and fluorescence-dependent detections. However, since low selectivity as well as low photoluminescence efficiency of fluorescent nanomaterials hinders their applications in imaging and detection to some extent, scientists are still in search of synthesizing new FNMs with better properties. In this review, a variety of fluorescent nanoparticles are summarized including semiconductor quantum dots, carbon dots, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanomaterials, noble metal nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, phosphors and organic frameworks. We highlight the recent advances of the latest developments in the synthesis of FNMs and their applications in the biomedical field in recent years. Furthermore, the main theories, methods, and limitations of the synthesis and applications of FNMs have been reviewed and discussed. In addition, challenges in synthesis and biomedical applications are systematically summarized as well. The future directions and perspectives of FNMs in clinical applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haixiang Qi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dramou Pierre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | - Dong Liu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, West of Yunlu Bridge, Moon Island, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, China.
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Karimadom BR, Meyerstein D, Kornweitz H. Calculating the adsorption energy of a charged adsorbent in a periodic metallic system - the case of BH 4- hydrolysis on the Ag(111) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25667-25678. [PMID: 34755165 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of borohydride on the Ag(111) surface is explored theoretically to obtain the in-depth reaction mechanism. Many heterogeneously catalyzed reactions like this involve the adsorption of charged species on metals. DFT calculations of charged systems, with periodic boundaries, face serious problems, concerning convergence and reliability of the results. To study the heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, a simple method to calculate the adsorption energy of charged systems in metallic periodic cells is proposed. In this method, a counter ion is placed at a non-interactive distance, in an aqueous medium, so that the calculated system is neutral. Bader analysis is used to validate that the calculated couple is charged correctly. Adsorption energies of F-, Cl-, Br-, OH-, BH4-, ClO4- and H- ions on the Ag(111) surface in an aqueous medium were determined using Na+ and K+ as counter ions, to evaluate the performance of this method. The adsorption of the divalent ions S2-, Se2- and SO42- on different surfaces was studied as well. Then this method was used to explore the hydrolysis of BH4- ions, which have a high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity, on the Ag(111) surface. The results point out that during the catalytic hydrolysis only one hydrogen atom from borohydride is transferred to the surface. In the first step one hydrogen atom from BH4- is transferred to the silver surface; this H atom reacts with a hydrogen atom that is released from an adsorbed water molecule; in addition, a hydrogen molecule is released in the second step (one atom from *BH4- and one from *H2O). Thus, the mechanisms of the catalyzed reductions by BH4- and the hydrogen evolution reactions must be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel. .,Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Haya Kornweitz
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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Mostafa YS, Alamri SA, Alrumman SA, Hashem M, Baka ZA. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pomegranate and Orange Peel Extracts and Their Antifungal Activity against Alternaria solani, the Causal Agent of Early Blight Disease of Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112363. [PMID: 34834726 PMCID: PMC8619153 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by pomegranate and orange peel extracts using a low concentration of AgNO3 solution to controlearly blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. The pathogen was isolated from infected tomato plants growing in different areas of Saudi Arabia. The isolates of this pathogen were morphologically and molecularly identified. Extracts from peels of pomegranate and orange fruits effectively developed a simple, quick, eco-friendly and economical method through a synthesis of AgNPs as antifungal agents against A. solani. Phenolic content in the pomegranate peel extract was greater than orange peel extract. Phenolic compounds showed a variation of both peel extracts as identified and quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The phenolic composition displayed variability as the pomegranate peel extract exhibited an exorbitant amount of Quercitrin (23.62 mg/g DW), while orange peel extract recorded a high amount of Chlorogenic acid (5.92 mg/g DW). Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV- visible spectroscopy which recorded an average wavelength of 437 nm and 450 nm for pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy exhibited 32x73.24, 2223.71, 2047.29 and 1972.46 cm-1, and 3260.70, 1634.62, 1376.62 and 1243.76 cm-1 for pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical shape of nanoparticles. Zetasizer analysis presented negative charge values; -16.9 and -19.5 mV with average particle sizes 8 and 14 nm fin case of pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. In vitro, antifungal assay was done to estimate the possibility of biosynthesized AgNPs and crude extracts of fruit peels to reduce the mycelial growth of A. solani. AgNPs displayed more fungal mycelial inhibition than crude extracts of two peels and AgNO3. We recommend the use of AgNPs synthesized from fruit peels for controlling fungal plant pathogens and may be applied broadly and safely in place by using the chemical fungicides, which display high toxicity for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S. Mostafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; (Y.S.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Saad A. Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; (Y.S.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Sulaiman A. Alrumman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; (Y.S.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; (Y.S.M.); (S.A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.H.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut P.O. Box 71515, Egypt
| | - Zakaria A. Baka
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta P.O. Box 34517, Egypt
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