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Prajapati A, Yadav RK, Shahin R, Shukla R, Mishra S, Singh S, Yadav S, Baeg JO, Singhal R, Gupta NK, Ali MS, Yadav KK. Synergistic effects of covalently coupled eosin-Y with B en-graphitic carbon nitride framework for improved photocatalytic activity in solar light-driven Biginelli product generation and NADH regeneration. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38943225 DOI: 10.1111/php.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Elevated global pollution level is the prime reason that contributes to the onset of various harmful health diseases. The products of Biginelli reaction are enormously used in the pharmaceutical industry as they have antiviral, antibacterial, and calcium channel modulation abilities. This work reports a novel eosin Y sensitized boron graphitic carbon nitride (EY-Ben-g-C3N4) as a photocatalyst that efficiently produced 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one by the Biginelli reaction of benzaldehyde, urea, and methyl acetoacetate. The photocatalyst EY-Ben-g-C3N4 showed a successful generation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one (Biginelli product) in good yield via photocatalysis which is an eco-friendly method and has facile operational process. In addition to the production of Biginelli products, the photocatalyst also showed a remarkable NADH regeneration of 81.18%. The incorporation of g-C3N4 with boron helps increase the surface area and the incorporation of eosin Y which is an inexpensive and non-toxic dye, and in Ben-g-C3N4, enhanced the light-harvesting capacity of the photocatalyst. The production of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one and NADH by the EY-Ben-g-C3N4 photocatalyst is attributed to the requisite band gap, high molar absorbance, low rate of charge recombination, and increased capacity of the photocatalyst to harvest solar light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rehana Shahin
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Ravindra Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Shaifali Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jin-OoK Baeg
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Rajat Singhal
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Navneet K Gupta
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
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Mohamadpour F, Amani AM. Halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer (3DPAFIPN) as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) used in gram-scale photosynthesis 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1 H)-one/thione derivatives via a consecutive visible-light-induced electron-transfer pathway. Front Chem 2024; 12:1361266. [PMID: 38496273 PMCID: PMC10943697 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1361266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Organic dyes often have shorter lifetimes in the excited state, which is a major obstacle to the development of effective photoredox methods. The scientific community has shown a great deal of interest in a certain class of organic chromophores because of their unique characteristics and effectiveness. One characteristic of the molecules under research is thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), which is only observed in molecules with a tiny energy gap (often less than 0.2 eV) between their lowest two excited states, i.e., singlet excited state (S1) and triplet excited state (T1). The extended singlet excited states arising from TADF and the simplicity with which their redox potentials may be altered make the isophthalonitrile family of chromophores an attractive option for organic photocatalyst applications. Methods: The Biginelli reaction between β-ketoesters, arylaldehydes, and urea/thiourea has been used to build a sustainable technique for the production of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives. In the present study, the development of a green radical synthesis approach for this class of compounds is addressed in depth. As a photocatalyst, a new halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer was employed in this study. As a renewable energy source activated by a blue LED, it was dissolved in ethanol, at room temperature in air atmosphere. The primary objective of this research is to employ a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) based on halogenated cyanoarene that is affordable, easily available, and innovative. Findings: The 3DPAFIPN [2,4,6-tris(diphenylamino)-5-fluoroisophthalonitrile] photocatalyst, a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), induces single-electron transfer (SET) in response to visible light, offering a straightforward, eco-friendly, and highly efficient process. Additionally, we determined the 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives turnover frequency (TOF) and turnover number (TON). It has also been demonstrated that gram-scale cyclization is a workable method for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mohamadpour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Solvent-Free, One-Pot, Multicomponent Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally benign one-pot condensation of cyclic diketones, aldehydes and naphthols was achieved with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2-2-2]octane supported on Amberlyst-15 as a novel catalyst, producing a variety of benzoxanthenones in good to excellent yields. The advantages of this multicomponent reaction include the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, solventless conditions and a simple methodology that is atom-economical and results in low E-factor values. A total of 17 xanthene derivatives, including two novel molecules, were synthesized and then characterized. Aromatic aldehydes carrying an electron-withdrawing group provided excellent yields. Appreciable results were also obtained using aliphatic aldehydes. The catalyst is fully recyclable and can be reused up to six times.
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Multicomponent Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Derivatives of 4-Methyl-Substituted 5-Nitropyridines. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The multicomponent reaction of 2-nitroacetophenone (or nitroacetone), acetaldehyde diethyl acetal, β-dicarbonyl compound, and ammonium acetate in an acetic acid solution allowed the acquisition of previously undescribed 4-methyl-substituted derivatives of 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridine in satisfactory yields. The oxidation of the obtained 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives resulted in the corresponding 2,4-dimethyl-5-nitropyridines. In addition, for the first time in the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines by the Hantzsch reaction acetaldehyde, diethyl acetal was used as a source of acetaldehyde. The use of more volatile and sufficiently reactive acetaldehyde in this reaction did not lead to a controlled synthesis of unsymmetrical 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridines. The proposed multicomponent approach to the synthesis of 4-methyl-substituted 5-nitro-1,4-dihydropyridines and their subsequent aromatization into pyridines made it possible to obtain previously undescribed and hardly accessible substituted 5(3)-nitropyridines.
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Mohamadpour F. A Facile Access to Metal-Free Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1 H)-Ones/Thiones using Acridine Yellow G as a Photo-Induced Electron Transfer Photocatalyst. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2176524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Mohamadpour F. Carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN) for novel donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore-catalyzed visible-light-induced photosynthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1 H)-ones/thiones via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2514-2522. [PMID: 36741179 PMCID: PMC9844127 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the Biginelli reaction of β-ketoesters, arylaldehydes, and urea/thiourea, we created a green radical synthesis procedure for 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones. A PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) photocatalyst was used in an ethanol solution in an air environment and at room temperature and visible light to provide a renewable energy source. In this study, we seek to create a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore that is affordable and widely available. The carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN), in addition to its time-saving capabilities and simplicity of use, exhibits excellent yields, is energy-efficient, and is ecologically friendly. This makes it possible to track the evolution of environmental and chemical factors throughout time. To determine the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones, a study was done. Gram-scale cyclization demonstrates that it may be used in industry effectively.
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Recent Advances in Multicomponent Reactions Catalysed under Operationally Heterogeneous Conditions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been gaining significance and attention over the past decade because of their ability to furnish complex products by using readily available and simple starting materials while simultaneously eliminating the need to separate and purify any intermediates. More so, most of these products have been found to exhibit diverse biological activities. Another paradigm shift which has occurred contemporarily is the switch to heterogeneous catalysis, which results in additional benefits such as the reduction of waste and an increase in the safety of the process. More importantly, it allows the user to recover and reuse the catalyst for multiple runs. In summary, both methodologies adhere to the principles of green chemistry, a philosophy which needs to become overarchingly enshrined. The plethora of reactions and catalysts which have been developed gives hope that chemists are slowly changing their ideology. As a result, this review attempts to discuss multicomponent reactions catalysed by operationally heterogeneous catalysts in the past 10 years. In this review, a further distinction is made between the MCRs which lead to the formation of heterocycles and those which do not.
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Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidines Using a Highly Ordered Mesoporous Functionalized Pyridinium Organosilica. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A Brönsted acidic ionic solid pyridinium-functionalized organosilica network (PMO-Py-IL) was demonstrated to efficiently catalyse one-pot Biginelli condensation reaction. The green synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2(H)-pyrimidinones (DHPMs) with high yield was carried out via one-pot three component condensation of β- dicarbonyls, aldehydes, and urea in the presence of a catalytic amount of PMO-Py-IL nanomaterial as an efficient nanocatalyst under solvent free conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst showed outstanding stability and could be easily separated and reused for at least ten reaction runs without significant loss of activity and product selectivity. The green protocol features simple set-up, cost-effectiveness, easy work-up, eco-friendly and mild reaction conditions.
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Mohamadpour F. Visible-Light-Induced Radical Condensation Cyclization to Synthesize 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1 H)-ones/thiones Using Photoexcited Na 2 Eosin Y as a Direct Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8429-8436. [PMID: 35309418 PMCID: PMC8928547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The data suggests that Na2 eosin Y-derived photoinduced states act as a HAT catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones in ethanol at room temperature. This research establishes a novel function for using a nonmetallic natural dye, Na2 eosin Y, available commercially and at a cheap cost in the photochemical synthesis using the least amount of catalyst, obtaining good results, speeding up the process, and achieving a high atom economy. The TON and TOF of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones are computed. Furthermore, this cycle runs on the gram scale as well, indicating the possibility of industrial purposes.
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Yelmame GB, Jagtap SB. Synthesis and characterization of 5% Ni-ZnO as robust nanocatalyst for Eco-Friendly synthesis of pyrimidines. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Devi P, Bishnoi A, Singh V, Shukla S, Rai S. A Compact Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Biginilli Products of 1,3-Bis(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-Thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-Dione. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2009524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Devi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Abha Bishnoi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Shraddha Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonam Rai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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Marinescu M. Biginelli Reaction Mediated Synthesis of Antimicrobial Pyrimidine Derivatives and Their Therapeutic Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:6022. [PMID: 34641566 PMCID: PMC8512088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance was one of the top priorities for global public health before the start of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Moreover, in this changing medical landscape due to COVID-19, finding new organic structures with antimicrobial and antiviral properties is a priority in current research. The Biginelli synthesis that mediates the production of pyrimidine compounds has been intensively studied in recent decades, especially due to the therapeutic properties of the resulting compounds, such as calcium channel blockers, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or antioxidant compounds. In this review we aim to review the Biginelli syntheses reported recently in the literature that mediates the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, the spectrum of their medicinal properties, and the structure-activity relationship in the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Panduri, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
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