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Hansen PE. The Synergy between Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Density Functional Theory Calculations. Molecules 2024; 29:336. [PMID: 38257249 PMCID: PMC10821511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper deals with the synergy between Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic investigations and DFT calculations, mainly of NMR parameters. Both the liquid and the solid states are discussed here. This text is a mix of published results supplemented with new findings. This paper deals with examples in which useful results could not have been obtained without combining NMR measurements and DFT calculations. Examples of such cases are tautomeric systems in which NMR data are calculated for the tautomers; hydrogen-bonded systems in which better XH bond lengths can be determined; cage compounds for which assignment cannot be made based on NMR data alone; revison of already published structures; ionic compounds for which reference data are not available; assignment of solid-state spectra and crystal forms; and the creation of libraries for biological molecules. In addition to these literature cases, a revision of a cage structure and substituent effects on pyrroles is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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2
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Huang Z, Bi T, Jiang H, Liu H. Review on NMR as a tool to analyse natural products extract directly: Molecular structure elucidation and biological activity analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:5-16. [PMID: 37789666 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural products, the small organic molecules produced by plants, microbes and invertebrates, often present in the form of a mixture, this leads to the structural characterisation of natural extracts often requiring time-consuming multistep purification procedures. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology is traditionally utilised as a tool for the structural elucidation of pure compounds. Contemporarily, an up-to-date trend in the application of NMR in natural product research is shifting to the direct NMR analysis of crude mixtures, to obtain molecular structure and biological activity information without performing cumbersome separation. OBJECTIVE To review works of literature on the evolution, principle and progress of NMR technologies for analysing mixtures, we focus on the successful application of NMR technologies in direct analysis of natural product extracts. METHODOLOGY Based on our research experience, academic tracking and extensive literature search, which involved, but not limited to, the use of various databases, like Web of Knowledge and PubMed. The keywords used, in various combinations, to retrieve recent literature on the successful application of NMR technologies to sheer natural product extracts, and excluded artificially natural product mixture and biofluid. RESULTS NMR technologies for direct natural extracts analysis, including two-dimensional J-resolved spectroscopy (2D-JRES), pure shift NMR, diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), statistical correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY), concentration-ordered NMR spectroscopy (CORDY), saturation transfer difference (STD) and water-ligand observed via gradient spectroscopy (WaterLOGSY) were illustrated. CONCLUSIONS By these methods, molecular structure and biological activity information will be directly obtained from NMR analysis of natural products extract, aiming to save experimental time and expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouman Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haipeng Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mihajlović K, Joksimović N, Janković N, Milović E, Petronijević J, Filipović I, Muškinja J, Petrović N, Kosanić M. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of some 2,4-diketo esters containing dehydrozingerone fragment: DNA and protein binding study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129413. [PMID: 37499986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increased resistance to antibiotics, in recent years there has been a growing interest in the discovery of new antimicrobial agents from different sources. Bacteria that are resistant to most antibiotics are a global public health concern. In order to find a new antimicrobial drug, we synthesized a small series of 2,4-diketo esters and tested them on some gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Two compounds showed very good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Trichophyton mentagrophytes proved to be the most sensitive of the tested species regarding antifungal activity. Also, research was conducted on the biomolecule of bovine serum albumin. Examining these interactions, we concluded that all compounds have the appropriate binding affinity for bovine serum albumin, which is vital. Furthermore, to investigate the potential antitumor activity, interactions with DNA were carried out. Examining the interactions between our compounds and DNA using fluorescence, we concluded that all but one of the compounds interacts with the DNA molecule by intercalation. In addition, a molecular docking study was performed to investigate the binding mode of the tested compounds to DNA and bovine serum albumin. In conclusion, all the results indicate a great potential for the future application of these compounds in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mihajlović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Joksimović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Emilija Milović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Petronijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ignjat Filipović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Muškinja
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kosanić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Chen Y, Jiang Y, Wen L, Yang B. Interaction between ultrasound-modified pectin and icaritin. Food Chem 2023; 426:136618. [PMID: 37354572 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Pectin can improve the bioaccessibility of icaritin as a nanocarrier, and ultrasound can modify the pectin structure. However, the interaction between ultrasound-modified pectin (UMP) and icaritin remains unclearly. In this work, the effects of UMP on the physiochemical properties of icaritin/pectin micelles (IPMs) were investigated. The IPMs prepared with UMP (UMP-IPMs) showed lower encapsulation efficiencies and loading capacities, comparing with native IPMs. UMP-IPMs had smaller particle sizes (325-399 nm) than native IPMs (551 nm). The Mw, viscosity, G' and G" of pectin were determined. NMR spectra indicated that the repeating unit in pectins remained consistently before and after ultrasound treatment, and 7-OH of icaritin was involved in hydrogen bond formation with pectin. The larger chemical shift movement of 6-H and 7-OH for U3-IPMs than P0-IPMs suggested that stronger hydrogen bond interaction between icaritin and pectin. UMP-IPMs exhibited stronger anti-proliferation activities against HepG2 cells than native IPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingrong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Yang Y, Kessler MGC, Marchán-Rivadeneira MR, Han Y. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in the Post-Genomic Era: Rapid Antibiotic Discovery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104183. [PMID: 37241928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Constantly evolving drug-resistant "superbugs" have caused an urgent demand for novel antimicrobial agents. Natural products and their analogs have been a prolific source of antimicrobial agents, even though a high rediscovery rate and less targeted research has made the field challenging in the pre-genomic era. With recent advancements in technology, natural product research is gaining new life. Genome mining has allowed for more targeted excavation of biosynthetic potential from natural sources that was previously overlooked. Researchers use bioinformatic algorithms to rapidly identify and predict antimicrobial candidates by studying the genome before even entering the lab. In addition, synthetic biology and advanced analytical instruments enable the accelerated identification of novel antibiotics with distinct structures. Here, we reviewed the literature for noteworthy examples of novel antimicrobial agents discovered through various methodologies, highlighting the candidates with potent effectiveness against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Yang
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Mara Grace C Kessler
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Maria Raquel Marchán-Rivadeneira
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Center for Research on Health in Latinamerica (CISeAL)-Biological Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Yong Han
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Theoretical study of keto-enol tautomerism in 7-epi-clusianone by quantum chemical calculations of NMR chemical shifts. J Mol Model 2022; 28:239. [PMID: 35908141 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants from the Garcinia genus have been used worldwide due to their therapeutic properties. Among the various metabolites isolated from this genus, 7-epi-clusianone, a tetraprenylated benzophenone, stands out for its wide range of identified biological activities. This benzophenone can exist in five tautomeric forms, although the benzene-d6 and chloroform-d3 solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra revealed only two tautomeric forms (B and C) in equilibrium, with concentration ratio depending on the solvent in which the spectrum was obtained. Calculated energy values suggested that tautomeric forms B and E would be prevalent in benzene-d6 solution, in contrast to the experimental data. Considering this conflicting result, we employed the statistical DP4 + method based on 13C and 1H NMR chemical shift calculations, in the gas phase and in benzene-d6 solution, to confirm that the B and C tautomeric forms of 7-epi-clusianone are the most prevalent in the experimental conditions.
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Shahkhatuni AA, Shahkhatuni AG, Harutyunyan AS. Long range deuterium isotope effects on 13C NMR chemical shifts of 2-alkanones in CD 3OD solutions of imidazolium acetate ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39051-39057. [PMID: 35492497 PMCID: PMC9044476 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deuterium isotope substitution in one part of a molecule could produce a significant effect on chemical shifts of neighbouring nuclei as well as on nuclei, located far from the site of replacement. To estimate how far this influence could extend the reaction of proton–deuterium exchange of several 2-alkanones in deuterated methanol solutions of 1-methyl 3-ethyl imidazolium acetate ionic liquid (IL) was studied in detail using 13C NMR spectroscopy. Deuteration occurs in alkyl groups of 2-alkanones neighboring the ketonic group via keto–enol tautomerization catalyzed by IL. In the course of the reaction, various isotopomers with various deuteration levels are formed, among which a dynamic equilibrium is established. The number of substituted deuterons affects not only the multiplicity and chemical shifts of directly bonded carbon, but carbons in the groups further along the alkyl chain. Moreover, the latter groups better indicate the level and site of substitution. Long range deuterium isotope effects on the carbon spectral pattern in 2-hexanone reveal the existence and distribution of H/D isotopomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Astghik A Shahkhatuni
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS RA 26 Azatutyan Yerevan 0014 Armenia
| | - Aleksan G Shahkhatuni
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS RA 26 Azatutyan Yerevan 0014 Armenia
| | - Arpine S Harutyunyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS RA 26 Azatutyan Yerevan 0014 Armenia
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Hansen PE. Structural Studies of β-Diketones and Their Implications on Biological Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111189. [PMID: 34832971 PMCID: PMC8622542 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper briefly summarizes methods to determine the structure of β-diketones with emphasis on NMR methods. Density functional calculations are also briefly treated. Emphasis is on the tautomeric equilibria of β-diketones in relation to biological effects. Relevant physical parameters such as acidity and solubility are treated. A series of biologically active molecules are treated with respect to structure (tautomerism). Characteristic molecules or groups of molecules are usnic acids, tetramic and tetronic acids, o-hydroxydibenzoylmethanes, curcumines, lupulones, and hyperforines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Steroid Saponins Isolated from Rhizoma Paridis. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1442906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma Paridis, the rhizome of liliaceous plants Paris polyphylla, is one of the most commonly used herbal drugs in China. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have shown that steroid saponins were the major effective ingredients of Rhizoma Paridis to exert antitumor, anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, and antifibrosis functions. In this review, we discussed the chemical structures of steroid saponins and their related biological activity and mechanisms in cellular and animal models, aiming to provide a reference for future comprehensive exploitation and development of saponins.
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