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Slabu AI, Miu L, Ghibu E, Stavarache CE, Stan R, Teodorescu F. Bioconjugation of Vegetable Oils with UV Absorbers: New Approach in Skin Photoprotection. Molecules 2023; 28:7550. [PMID: 38005272 PMCID: PMC10674893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported the tunable synthesis of new vegetable oil-UV filter bioconjugates using sea buckthorn oil (SBO) and p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA) as an alternative to the common UV filter, ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate (octinoxate). The synthetic strategy is based on the sustainable ring-opening reaction of epoxidized SBO with p-MCA in heterogenous catalysis in eco-friendly solvents. The amount of UV-absorptive moieties grafted on the triglyceride backbone is controlled by different epoxidation degrees as determined by NMR spectroscopy. The performance of the new UV-absorber bioconjugates was assessed by in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) measurements after inclusion in SBO-ethylcellulose (EC) oleogels and comparison with the SPF value of the SBO-EC-octinoxate oleogel with equivalent p-MCA acid moieties (10% wt/wt). The concentration obtained for the SBO-EC oleogel formulated with the bioconjugate with the lowest degree of functionalization, namely 55%, represents 45% of the SPF determined for the SBO-EC-octinoxate oleogel, regardless of the concentration of measured solutions. The new concept of vegetable oil-UV-absorber bioconjugates has potential UV-B photoprotective properties when included in oleogel formulations and deserves further investigation of their properties and stability including association with UV-A absorbers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Iulian Slabu
- “C. D. Nenitzescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independenței, S6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.S.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (C.E.S.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Laura Miu
- “C. D. Nenitzescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independenței, S6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.S.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (C.E.S.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Emilian Ghibu
- “C. D. Nenitzescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independenței, S6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.S.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (C.E.S.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Elena Stavarache
- “C. D. Nenitzescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independenței, S6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.S.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (C.E.S.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Stan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florina Teodorescu
- “C. D. Nenitzescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independenței, S6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.S.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (C.E.S.)
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Wang Y, Yin M, Gu L, Yi W, Lin J, Zhang L, Wang Q, Qi Y, Diao W, Chi M, Zheng H, Li C, Zhao G. The therapeutic role and mechanism of 4-Methoxycinnamic acid in fungal keratitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109782. [PMID: 36731151 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is an infectious vision-threatening disease that has a poor prognosis, and the clinical therapeutic drugs have multiple limitations, such as epithelial toxicity and low bioavailability. Therefore, new antifungal treatment strategies must be developed. 4-Methoxycinnamic acid (MCA) is a widely occurring natural phenolic acid that has been proven to have multiple effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and inhibiting cancer. In this research, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of MCA on A. fumigatus keratitis and the antifungal effects of the combination of MCA and natamycin (NATA) on A. fumigatus. We found that MCA exerts antifungal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of the fungal cell wall, changing the permeability of fungal cell membranes. Moreover, the MCA-NATA combination exhibited synergy for A. fumigatus. In addition, MCA exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating the inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MCA was associated with the Mincle signal pathway. In summary, MCA acts as a potential therapeutic drug for fungal keratitis and a potential antifungal sensitizer for natamycin. MCA inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis, destroys the permeability of fungal cell membranes, and mediates the anti-inflammatory, immune response of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Wendan Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Yinghe Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Weilin Diao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Menghui Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Hengrui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
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Phinyo K, Ruangrit K, Pekkoh J, Tragoolpua Y, Kaewkod T, Duangjan K, Pumas C, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Pathom-aree W, Gu W, Wang G, Srinuanpan S. Naturally Occurring Functional Ingredient from Filamentous Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KC45: Phytochemical Characterizations and Their Multiple Bioactivities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122437. [PMID: 36552645 PMCID: PMC9774153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are rich in phytochemicals, which have beneficial impacts on the prevention of many diseases. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize phytochemicals and evaluate multifunctional bioactivities in the ethanolic extract of the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KC45. Results found that the extract mainly contained chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, 38 phenolic compounds with promising bioactivities were discovered, and a higher diversity of flavonoids was found among the phenolic compounds identified. The extract effectively absorbed the harmful UV rays and showed high antioxidant activity on DPPH, ABTS, and PFRAP. The extract yielded high-efficiency inhibitory effects on enzymes (tyrosinase, collagenase, ACE, and α-glucosidase) related to diseases. Interestingly, the extract showed a strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells (skin A375, lung A549, and colon Caco-2), but had a much smaller effect on normal cells, indicating a satisfactory level of safety for the extract. More importantly, the combination of the DNA ladder assay and the TUNEL assay proved the appearance of DNA fragmentation in cancer cells after a 48 h treatment with the extract, confirming the apoptosis mechanisms. Our findings suggest that cyanobacterium extract could be potentially used as a functional ingredient for various industrial applications in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittiya Phinyo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Khomsan Ruangrit
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thida Kaewkod
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kritsana Duangjan
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayakorn Pumas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasu Pathom-aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wenhui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.S.)
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