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Wang Y, Liu B, Chen R, Wang Y, Han Z, Wang C, Weng L. Synergistic Effect of Nano-Silica and Intumescent Flame Retardant on the Fire Reaction Properties of Polypropylene Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4759. [PMID: 37445072 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (nano-silica) were used as synergistic agents with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) to enhance flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) in this research. The composites were prepared using a melt-mixing method. The influences of nano-silica on the fire performance of composites were thoroughly discussed, which promotes understanding of nano-silica on the flame-retardant performance of polypropylene composite. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results indicated that the nano-silica with a diameter of about 95 ± 3.9 nm were dispersed favorably in the composite matrix, which might elevate its synergistic effect with intumescent flame retardant and improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene composite. The synergistic effects between nano-silica and intumescent flame retardant on PP composites were studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, and cone calorimeter test (CCT). The total amount of flame retardant was maintained at 30%. When the dosage of nano-silica was 1 wt.%, the LOI value of PP/IFR/Si1.0 composite reached 27.3% and its UL-94 classification reached V-1. Based on the parameters of the CCT, the introduction of nano-silica induced composites with depressed heat release rate (HRR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR). The PHRR of PP/IFR/Si0.5 was only 295.8 kW/m2, which was 17% lower than that of PP/IFR. Moreover, the time to PHRR of PP/IFR/Si0.5 was delayed to 396 s, which was about 36 s later than that without nano-silica. EDS was used to quantitatively analyze the distribution of silica in charred residue. The EDS results indicated that the silica tended to accumulate on the surface during the fire. The surface accumulation characteristic of silica endows it with the enhanced flame-retardant properties of polypropylene composite at a very small dosage (as low as 1 wt.%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Baoqiang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiyang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhidong Han
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Weng
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
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Enhancement of Bonding and Mechanical Performance of Epoxy Asphalt Bond Coats with Graphene Nanoplatelets. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020412. [PMID: 36679290 PMCID: PMC9865374 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving bonding and mechanical strengths is important for the application of bond coats used in the construction of steel deck bridges. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are attractive nanofillers for polymer modification because of their low cost, ultra-high aspect ratio, and extraordinary thermal and mechanical performance. In this paper, GNPs were used to reinforce the epoxy asphalt bond coat (EABC). The morphology, viscosity-time behavior, contact angle, dynamic mechanical properties, and mechanical and bonding strengths of GNP-reinforced EABCs were investigated using laser confocal microscopy, a Brookfield rotational viscometer, a contact angle meter, dynamic mechanical analysis, a universal test machine, and single-lap shear and pull-off adhesion tests. GNP dispersed non-uniformly in the asphalt phase of EABC. The viscosity of the neat EABC was lowered with the inclusion of GNPs and thus the allowable construction time was extended. The existence of GNPs enhances the hydrophobicity of the neat EABC. When adding more than 0.2% GNP, the storage modulus, crosslinking density and glass transition temperatures of both asphalt and epoxy of the neat EABC increased. The mechanical and bonding properties of the neat EABC were greatly enhanced with the incorporation of GNPs. Furthermore, the mechanical and bonding strengths of the modified EABCs increased with the GNP content. GNP-reinforced EABCs can be utilized in the pavement of long-span steel bridges with long durability.
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Tang W, Qian L, Prolongo SG, Wang DY. Small core of piperazine/silane aggregation initiate efficient charring flame retardant effect in polypropylene composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zhang C, Jiang Y, Li S, Huang Z, Zhan XQ, Ma N, Tsai FC. Recent trends of phosphorus-containing flame retardants modified polypropylene composites processing. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Huang Z, Song D, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Hu X, Gao Y, Yang Y, Tian Y. Characterization and Performance Testing of an Intumescent Nanoinhibitor for Inhibiting Coal Spontaneous Combustion. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17202-17214. [PMID: 35647455 PMCID: PMC9134418 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Considering disadvantages such as the low thermal stability and environmental pollution of existing gel inhibitors, a green and stable intumescent nanoinhibitor (INI) was prepared and tested. First, polyacrylamide (PAM), nano-silica, and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were selected as raw materials. The INI was prepared by nanoparticle modification and cross-linking polymerization. Then, the structure and physical properties of INI were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and rheological experiments. Meanwhile, the inhibition performance of INI was studied through thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) analysis. The results suggest that the nanomodification improved the dispersibility of INI particles. The addition of modified nano-silica (MNS) and IFR enhances the strength of the reticular structure, thereby improving the transport convenience and covering ability of the INI gel. At high temperatures, IFR can generate a porous foamed carbon layer that further coats the coal. After INI inhibition treatment, the characteristic temperature and activation energy of coal were significantly improved, and the production of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide decreased. Hence, irrespective of physical properties, physical inhibition performance, or chemical inhibition performance, INI performed well. Research results can provide valuable references for the preparation and performance study of a coal spontaneous combustion inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines
(University of Science and Technology Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Key
Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control (Shandong University
of Science and Technology), Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control (Henan
Polytechnic University), Jiaozuo 454000, China
- Research
Institute of Macro-Safety Science, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donghong Song
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines
(University of Science and Technology Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines
(University of Science and Technology Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yichao Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines
(University of Science and Technology Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control (Shandong University
of Science and Technology), Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Yukun Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines
(University of Science and Technology Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yifu Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines
(University of Science and Technology Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines
(University of Science and Technology Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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Influence of Graphene Nano Fillers and Carbon Nano Tubes on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Hollow Glass Microsphere Epoxy Composites. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to analyze the roll of carbon nano tubes and graphene nano fillers on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of hollow glass microsphere reinforced epoxy composites. Composites with varying content of hollow glass microballoons (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt %) reinforced in epoxy matrix were fabricated. Additionally, two more types of composites, one with graphene nano fillers and the other with carbon nano tube at a constant 0.5 wt %, were fabricated with varying weight percentages of hollow glass microballoons (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%). The composites were fabricated using an open mold casting process. Composites were tested for thermal and mechanical properties. The tensile and flexural moduli were found to rise as the HGM concentration increased. Graphene-filled HGM/epoxy composites revealed the highest modulus compared with HGM/epoxy and HGM/CNT/epoxy composites. The impact strength of all composite types decreased as the HGM content increased. Neat epoxy specimens revealed low response as compared with all the composites tested. Further, the thermal conductivity of HGM/epoxy composites was lower as compared with other compositions and neat epoxy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphological behavior of the composites subjected to flexural test. It was found that HGM/G/E composites with 10% of HGM and 0.5% of graphene by weight in epoxy matrix were the optimum.
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Special Issue "Recent Advances in Flame-Retardant Polymers and Composites". Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206167. [PMID: 34684748 PMCID: PMC8541075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang L, Wei Y, Deng H, Lyu R, Zhu J, Yang Y. Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Barium Phytate and Intumescent Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2900. [PMID: 34502940 PMCID: PMC8434477 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, widespread concern has been aroused on environmentally friendly materials. In this article, barium phytate (Pa-Ba) was prepared by the reaction of phytic acid with barium carbonate in deionized water, which was used to blend with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) as a flame retardant and was added to epoxy resin (EP). Afterward, the chemical structure and thermal stability of Pa-Ba were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. On this basis, the flammability and flame retardancy of EP composites were researched. It is shown that EP/14IFR/2Ba composite has the highest limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.7%. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EP/14IFR/2Ba decreases by 69.13% compared with pure EP. SEM and Raman spectra reveal the carbonization quality of EP/14IFR/2Ba is better than that of other composites. The results prove that Pa-Ba can cooperate with IFR to improve the flame retardancy of EP, reducing the addition amount of IFR in EP, thus expanding the application range of EP. In conclusion, adding Pa-Ba to IFR is a more environmentally friendly and efficient method compared with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yue Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ruiqi Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yabing Yang
- Petroleum Engineering Design Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Corporation, Dongying 257026, China;
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