Adsorption Properties of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Surfactants Ternary Mixture at the Water-Air Interface

A unified surface tension model for multi-component salt, organic, and surfactant solutions

Despite the fact that the surface tension of liquid mixtures is of great importance in numerous fields and applications, there are no accurate models for calculating the surface tension of solutions containing water, salts, organic, and amphiphilic substances in a mixture. This study presents such a model and demonstrates its capabilities by modelling surface tension data from the literature. The presented equations not only allow to model solutions with ideal mixing behaviour but also non-idealities and synergistic effects can be identified and largely reproduced. In total, 22 ternary systems comprising 1842 data points could be modelled with an overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of 3.09 mN m-1. In addition, based on the modelling of ternary systems, the surface tension of two quaternary systems could be well predicted with RMSEs of 1.66 mN m-1 and 3.44 mN m-1. Besides its ability to accurately fit and predict multi-component surface tension data, the model also allows to analyze the nature and magnitude of bulk and surface non-idealities, helping to improve our understanding of the physicochemical mechanisms that influence surface tension.

Potential Utilization of Bacterial Consortium of Symbionts Marine Sponges in Removing Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals, Review

Toxic materials in waste generally contain several components of the global trending pollutant category, especially PAHs and heavy metals. Bioremediation technology for waste management that utilizes microorganisms (bacteria) has not been fully capable of breaking down these toxic materials into simple and environmentally friendly chemical products. This review paper examines the potential application of a consortium of marine sponge symbionts with high performance and efficiency in removing PAHs and heavy metal contaminants. The method was carried out through a review of several related research articles by the author and published by other researchers. The results of the study conclude that the development of global trending pollutant (GTP) bioremediation technology could be carried out to increase the efficiency of remediation. Several types of marine sponge symbiont bacteria, hydrocarbonoclastic (R-1), metalloclastic (R-2), and metallo-hydro-carbonoclastic (R-3), have the potential to be applied to improve waste removal performance. A consortium of crystalline bacterial preparations is required to mobilize into GTP-exposed sites rapidly. Bacterial symbionts of marine sponges can be traced mainly to sea sponges, whose body surface is covered with mucus.

Mutual Influence of Some Flavonoids and Classical Nonionic Surfactants on Their Adsorption and Volumetric Properties at Different Temperatures

Due to the increasing practical use of mixtures of flavonoids with nonionic surfactants the presented studies were based on the measurements of surface tension and conductivity of aqueous solution of the quercetin (Q) and rutin (Ru) in the mixtures with Triton X-114 (TX114) and Tween 80 (T80) as well as the contact angle of model liquids on the PTFE surface covered by the quercetin and rutin layers. Based on the obtained results components and parameters of the quercetin and rutin surface tension were determined and the mutual influence of Q and Ru in the mixtures with TX114 and T80 on their adsorption and volumetric properties were considered. It was found, among others, that based on the surface tension isotherms of the aqueous solution of the single flavonoid and nonionic surfactant, the surface tension isotherms of the aqueous solution of their mixture, the composition of the mixed monolayer at the water-air interface as well as the CMC of flavonoid + nonionic surfactant mixture can be predicted. The standard Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption and aggregation of the studied mixtures were also found, showing the mechanism of the adsorption and aggregation processes of the flavonoid + nonionic surfactant mixture.

Prediction of Aqueous Solution Surface Tension of Some Surfactant Mixtures and Composition of Their Monolayers at the Solution—Air Interface

Measurements of the surface tension of the aqueous solution of SDDS mixture with fluorocarbon surfactants (FC) were carried out and considered in light of the surface tension of aqueous solutions of individual surfactants. Similar analyses were made for many other aqueous solutions of binary and ternary mixtures, taking into account the literature data of the surface tension of aqueous solutions of TX100, TX114, TX165, SDDS, SDS, CTAB, CPyB and FC. The possibility of predicting the surface tension of the aqueous solution of many surfactant mixtures from that of the mixture components using both the Szyszkowski, Fainerman and Miller and Joos concepts was analyzed. The surface tension of the aqueous solutions of surfactant mixtures was also considered based on the particular mixture component contribution to the water surface tension reduction. As a result, the composition of the mixed surface layer at the solution–air interface was discussed and compared to that which was determined using the Hua and Rosen concept. As follows from considerations, the surface tension of the aqueous solution of binary and ternary surfactant mixtures can be described and/or predicted.

Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium

Every petroleum-processing plant produces sewage sludge containing several types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The degradation of PAHs via physical, biological, and chemical methods is not yet efficient. Among biological methods, the use of marine sponge symbiont bacteria is considered an alternative and promising approach in the degradation of and reduction in PAHs. This study aimed to explore the potential performance of a consortium of sponge symbiont bacteria in degrading anthracene and pyrene. Three bacterial species (Bacillus pumilus strain GLB197, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain SLG510A3-8, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain SLCDA 976) were mixed to form the consortium. The interaction between the bacterial consortium suspension and PAH components was measured at 5 day intervals for 25 days. The biodegradation performance of bacteria on PAH samples was determined on the basis of five biodegradation parameters. The analysis results showed a decrease in the concentration of anthracene (21.89%) and pyrene (7.71%), equivalent to a ratio of 3:1, followed by a decrease in the abundance of anthracene (60.30%) and pyrene (27.52%), equivalent to a ratio of 2:1. The level of pyrene degradation was lower than that of the anthracene due to fact that pyrene is more toxic and has a more stable molecular structure, which hinders its metabolism by bacterial cells. The products from the biodegradation of the two PAHs are alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and a small proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon components.