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Tsevdou M, Ntzimani A, Katsouli M, Dimopoulos G, Tsimogiannis D, Taoukis P. Comparative Study of Microwave, Pulsed Electric Fields, and High Pressure Processing on the Extraction of Antioxidants from Olive Pomace. Molecules 2024; 29:2303. [PMID: 38792161 PMCID: PMC11123897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive oil production is characterized by large amounts of waste, and yet is considerably highly valued. Olive pomace can serve as a cheap source of bioactive compounds (BACs) with important antioxidant activity. Novel technologies like Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) and High Pressure (HP) and microwave (MW) processing are considered green alternatives for the recovery of BACs. Different microwave (150-600 W), PEF (1-5 kV/cm field strength, 100-1500 pulses/15 µs width), and HP (250-650 MPa) conditions, in various product/solvent ratios, methanol concentrations, extraction temperatures, and processing times were investigated. Results indicated that the optimal MW extraction conditions were 300 W at 50 °C for 5 min using 60% v/v methanol with a product/solvent ratio of 1:10 g/mL. Similarly, the mix of 40% v/v methanol with olive pomace, treated at 650 MPa for the time needed for pressure build-up (1 min) were considered as optimal extraction conditions in the case of HP, while for PEF the optimal conditions were 60% v/v methanol with a product/solvent ratio of 1:10 g/mL, treated at 5000 pulses, followed by 1 h extraction under stirring conditions. Therefore, these alternative extraction technologies could assist the conventional practice in minimizing waste production and simultaneously align with the requirements of the circular bioeconomy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Petros Taoukis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Heroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (A.N.); (M.K.); (G.D.); (D.T.)
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Scicutella F, Cucu MA, Mannelli F, Pastorelli R, Daghio M, Paoli P, Pazzagli L, Turini L, Mantino A, Luti S, Genovese M, Viti C, Buccioni A. Rumen microbial community and milk quality in Holstein lactating cows fed olive oil pomace as part in a sustainable feeding strategy. Animal 2023; 17:100815. [PMID: 37167820 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of alternative feed ingredients from the Agro-industry could be an efficient tool to improve the sustainability of dairy cow production. Since the richness in polyphenols, olive oil pomace (OOP), produced during olive oil milling, seems a promising by-product to ameliorate milk's nutritional value. The aim of this study was to test the use of OOP produced by means of a new technology (biphasic with stone deprivation) in dairy cow feeding strategy to evaluate the effect on animal performances, rumen microbiota, biohydrogenation processes and milk quality by a multidisciplinary approach. Forty multiparous Italian-Friesian dairy cows, at middle lactation, were randomly allotted into two homogenous groups and fed respectively a commercial diet (CON) and the experimental diet (OOPD) obtained by adding OOP to CON as partial replacement of maize silage. The two diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isoenergetic. The same diets were tested also in an in vitro trial aimed to evaluate their rumen degradability (% DEG). The dietary supplementation with OOP did not affect DM intake, rumen % DEG and milk production. The milk's nutritional quality was improved by increasing several important functional fatty acids (FAs; i.e., linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid). This finding was related to a decrease in rumen liquor biohydrogenation rate of unsaturated FAs. The stochiometric relation between volatile FA production in the rumen and methanogenesis suggested that OOP lowers the methane potential production (CON = 0.050 mol/L vs OOPD = 0.024 mol/L, SEM = 0.005, P = 0.0011). Rumen microbiota and fungi community did not be strongly altered by OOP dietary inclusion because few bacteria were affected at the genus level only. Particularly, Acetobacter, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Lachnospira, Acetitomaulatum, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20 group were more abundant with OOPD condition (P < 0.05). Data reported in this study confirm that the use of OOP in dairy cow feeding can be an interesting strategy to improve milk nutritional quality increasing functional FA content without compromising the rumen degradability of the diet or causing strong perturbation of rumen ecosystem and maintaining animal performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scicutella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali. University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - M A Cucu
- Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA-AA), via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - F Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali. University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - R Pastorelli
- Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA-AA), via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - M Daghio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali. University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - P Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche Mario Serio, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - L Pazzagli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche Mario Serio, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - L Turini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, via del borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi", Università di Pisa, via Vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Mantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, via del borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi", Università di Pisa, via Vecchia di Marina, 6, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Luti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche Mario Serio, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - M Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche Mario Serio, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - C Viti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali. University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - A Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali. University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca e la Valorizzazione degli Alimenti, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
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Benincasa C, Pellegrino M, Romano E, Claps S, Fallara C, Perri E. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Spray-Dried Olive Mill Wastewater. Front Nutr 2022; 8:782693. [PMID: 35071293 PMCID: PMC8766512 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.782693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of olives for oil production generates the most abundant agro-industrial by-products in the Mediterranean area. The three-phase olive oil extraction process requires the addition of a large amount of water to the system, which is difficult to dispose of for its load of toxic pollutants. On the other hand, olive mill wastewater is a rich source of bioactive substances with various biological properties that can be used as ingredients in the food industry for obtaining functional and nutraceutical foods as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we present the results relative to the phenolic compounds detected in dried olive mill wastewaters obtained using a spray dryer. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). In particular, the compounds here discussed are: apigenin (9.55 mg/kg dry weight), caffeic acid (2.89 mg/kg dry weight), catecol (6.12 mg/kg dry weight), p-cumaric acid (5.01 mg/kg dry weight), diosmetin (3.58 mg/kg dry weight), hydroxytyrosol (1.481 mg/kg dry weight), hydroxytyrosyl oleate (564 mg/kg dry weight), luteolin (62.38 mg/kg dry weight), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (88.55 mg/kg dry weight), luteolin-4-O-glucoside (11.48 mg/kg dry weight), oleuropein (103 mg/kg dry weight), rutin (48.52 mg/kg dry weight), tyrosol (2043 mg/kg dry weight), vanillin (27.70 mg/kg dry weight), and verbascoside (700 mg/kg dry weight). The results obtained highlighted that the use of dehumidified air as a drying medium, with the addition of maltodextrin, appears to be an effective way to produce a phenol-rich powder to be included in food formulations as well as in pharmaceutical preparations having different biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Benincasa
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Elvira Romano
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rende, Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Bella Muro, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Perri
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rende, Italy
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