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Yun HY, Kim IS, Shin KH. Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis Provides Direct Evidence for Identifying the Source of Residual Pesticides Diazinon and Procymidone in the Soil-Plant System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11980-11989. [PMID: 38758169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis stands as a promising tool for unveiling the behavior of pesticides in agricultural environments. Using the commercial formulations of persistent fungicide procymidone (PRO) and less persistent insecticide diazinon (DIA), respectively, we analyzed the concentration and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of the residual pesticides through soil incubation experiments in a greenhouse (for 150 days) and lab conditions (for 50-70 days). Our results showed that the magnitude of δ13C variation depends on pesticide specificity, in which PRO in the soil exhibited little variation in δ13C values over the entire incubation times, while DIA demonstrated an increased δ13C value, with the extent of δ13C variability affected by different spiking concentrations, plant presence, and light conditions. Moreover, the pesticides extracted from soils were isotopically overlapped with those from crop lettuce. Ultimately, the isotope composition of pesticides could infer the degradation and translocation processes and might contribute to identifying the source(s) of pesticide formulation in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Yun
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - In-Seon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
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Xie S, Si H, Xue Y, Zhou R, Wang S, Duan Y, Niu J, Wang Z. Efficacy of rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa SY42 for the biological control of Atractylodes chinensis root rot. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106517. [PMID: 38159617 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Atractylodes chinensis is one of the most commonly used bulk herbs in East Asia; however, root rot can seriously affect its quality and yields. In contrast to chemical pesticides, biological control strategies are environmentally compatible and safe. For this study, 68 antagonistic bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizospheres of healthy Atractylodes chinensis. Strain SY42 exhibited the most potent fungicidal activities, with inhibition rates against F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. redolens of 67.07 %, 63.40 % and 68.45 %, respectively. Through morphological observation and molecular characterization, strain SY42 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa. The volatile organic components (VOCs) produced by SY42 effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi through diffusion. SY42 significantly inhibited the germination of pathogenic fungal spores. Following co-culturing with SY42, the mycelium of the pathogenic fungus was deformed, folded, and even ruptured. SY42 could produce cellulases and proteases to degrade fungal cell walls. Pot experiments demonstrated the excellent biocontrol efficacy of SY42. This study revealed that P. polymyxa SY42 inhibited pathogenic fungi through multiple mechanisms, which verified its utility as a biocontrol agent for the control of A. chinensis root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - He Si
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Yuyan Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Ru Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Yizhong Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, 718000, China.
| | - Junfeng Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
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Sandín-España P, Dagnac T. Development of Analytical Methods to Analyze Pesticide Residues. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073074. [PMID: 37049839 PMCID: PMC10095687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are compounds applied on crops to eliminate or control pests, diseases and weeds and it is known that their use provides unquestionable benefits in increasing agricultural production [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sandín-España
- Unit of Plant Protection Products, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Carretera de La Coruña Km. 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Galician Agency for Food Quality-Agronomic and Agrarian Research Centre (AGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, Apartado 10, 15080 A Coruña, Spain
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Yun HY, Won EJ, Choi J, Cho Y, Lim DJ, Kim IS, Shin KH. Stable Isotope Analysis of Residual Pesticides via High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238587. [PMID: 36500680 PMCID: PMC9736523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To broaden the range of measurable pesticides for stable isotope analysis (SIA), we tested whether SIA of the anthranilic diamides cyantraniliprole (CYN) and chlorantraniliprole (CHL) can be achieved under elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry with compound purification in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using this method, carbon isotope compositions were measured in pesticide residues extracted from plants (lettuce) grown indoors in potting soil that were treated with 500 mg/kg CHL and 250 mg/kg CYN and were followed up for 45 days. Our results show that the CYN and CHL standard materials did not have significant isotope differences before and after clean-up processing in HPLC. Further, when applied to the CYN product and CHL product in soil, stable isotope differences between the soil and plant were observed at <1.0‱ throughout the incubation period. There was a slight increase in the variability of pesticide isotope ratio detected with longer-term incubation (CHL, on average 1.5‱). Overall, we measured the carbon isotope ratio of target pesticides from HPLC fraction as the purification and pre-concentration step for environmental and biological samples. Such negligible isotopic differences in pesticide residues in soils and plants 45 days after application confirmed the potential of CSIA to quantify pesticide behavior in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Yun
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Choi
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusang Cho
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Jung Lim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-400-5536
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Goh PS, Ahmad NA, Wong TW, Yogarathinam LT, Ismail AF. Membrane technology for pesticide removal from aquatic environment: Status quo and way forward. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136018. [PMID: 35973494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The noxious side effects of pesticides on human health and environment have prompted the search of effective and reliable treatment techniques for pesticide removal. The removal of pesticides can be accomplished through physical, chemical and biologicals. Physical approaches such as filtration and adsorption are prevailing pesticide removal strategies on account of their effectiveness and ease of operation. Membrane-based filtration technology has been recognized as a promising water and wastewater treatment approach that can be used for a wide range of organic micropollutants including pesticides. Nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) and forward osmosis (FO) have been increasingly explored for pesticide removal from aquatic environment owing to their versatility and high treatment efficiencies. This review looks into the remedial strategies of pesticides from aqueous environment using membrane-based processes. The potentials and applications of three prevailing membrane processes, namely NF, RO and FO for the treatment of pesticide-containing wastewater are discussed in terms of the development of advanced membranes, separation mechanisms and system design. The challenges in regards to the practical implementation of membrane-based processes for pesticide remediation are identified. The corresponding research directions and way forward are highlighted. An in depth understanding of the pesticide nature, water chemistry and the pesticide-membrane interactions is the key to achieving high pesticide removal efficiency. The integration of membrane technology and conventional removal technologies represents a new dimension and the future direction for the treatment of wastewater containing recalcitrant pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - N A Ahmad
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - T W Wong
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - L T Yogarathinam
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - A F Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
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Chen S, Ma L, Wang Y. Kinetic isotope effects of C and N indicate different transformation mechanisms between atzA- and trzN-harboring strains in dechlorination of atrazine. Biodegradation 2022; 33:207-221. [PMID: 35257297 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Compound-specific stable isotope analysis provides an alternative method to insight into the biotransformation mechanisms of diffuse organic pollutants in the environment, e.g., the endocrine disruptor herbicide atrazine. Biotic hydrolysis process catalyzed by chlorohydrolase AtzA and TrzN plays an important role in the detoxification of atrazine, while the catalytic mechanism of AtzA is still speculative. To investigate the catalytic mechanism of AtzA and answer whether both enzymes catalyze hydrolytic dechlorination of atrazine by the same mechanism, in this study, apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIE) for carbon and nitrogen were observed by three atzA-harboring bacterial isolates and their membrane-free extracts. The AKIEs obtained from atzA-harboring bacterial isolates (AKIEC = 1.021 ± 0.010, AKIEN = 0.992 ± 0.003) were statistically different from that of trzN-harboring strains (AKIEC = 1.040 ± 0.006, AKIEN = 0.983 ± 0.006), confirming the different activation mechanisms of atrazine preceding to nucleophilic aromatic substitution of Cl atom in actual enzymatic reaction catalyzed by AtzA and TrzN, despite the limitation of variable dual-element isotope plots. The lower degree of normal carbon and inverse nitrogen isotope fractionation observed from atzA-harboring strains, suggesting AtzA catalyzing hydrolytic dechlorination of atrazine by coordination of Cl and one aromatic N to the Fe2+ drawing electron density from carbon-chlorine bond that facilitating the nucleophilic attack, rather than in TrzN case that protonation of aromatic N increasing nucleophilic substitution of Cl atom. This study suggests considering the potential influences of phylogenetic diversity of bacterial isolates and evolution of enzymes on the applications of CSIA method in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Chen
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuncai Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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