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Osés SM, Fernández-Muiño MA, Rodríguez-Fernández A, Sancho MT, Lázaro R, Bayarri S. Phenolic Composition, Antiradical, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Propolis Extracts from North East Spain. J Med Food 2024; 27:563-574. [PMID: 38868932 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant-related parameters and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes were assessed in eight North East Spain poplar propolis samples. Propolis extracts (PEs) were obtained using 70% ethanol (PEE) and methanol (PME). Yield and total phenol compounds were higher in PEE. Phenolic acids were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatograph-diode array detector. Caffeic and ferulic acids were quantified in all PEE and PME. All samples contained p-coumaric acid (quantified in 6 PEE and in 3 PME). Ascorbic acid was detected in all propolis, but mainly quantified in PME (≤0.37 mg/g PE). Biological properties were tested on PEE. As for antiradical activities, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) [against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)•+], ranged between 578 and 4620 µmol trolox/g, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (against DPPH free radical), between 0.049 and 0.094 mg/mL, antioxidant activity against hydroxyl (•OH) radical (AOA), between 0.04 and 11.01 mmol uric acid/g, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) against peroxyl (ROO•) radical between 122 and 3282 µmol trolox/g. Results of TEAC, AOA, and ORAC were significantly correlated. IC50 anti-inflammatory activity ranged from 1.08 to 6.19 mg/mL. Propolis showed higher inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes CECT934 and L. monocytogenes CP101 by agar well diffusion (P < .05) (10.5 and 10.2 mm, respectively) than against L. monocytogenes CP102 (7.0 mm). Data of this research show that North East Spain propolis may be of interest for pharmaceutical and food industry use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Osés
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos (University of Burgos), Burgos, Spain
| | - Miguel A Fernández-Muiño
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos (University of Burgos), Burgos, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos (University of Burgos), Burgos, Spain
| | - M Teresa Sancho
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos (University of Burgos), Burgos, Spain
| | - Regina Lázaro
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2. Veterinary School. Universidad de Zaragoza (University of Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Susana Bayarri
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2. Veterinary School. Universidad de Zaragoza (University of Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Pătruică S, Adeiza SM, Hulea A, Alexa E, Cocan I, Moraru D, Imbrea I, Floares D, Pet I, Imbrea F, Obiștioiu D. Romanian Bee Product Analysis: Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Insights. Foods 2024; 13:1455. [PMID: 38790755 PMCID: PMC11119262 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bee products are considered true wonders of nature, used since ancient times, and studied even today for their various biological activities. In this study, we hypothesise that Romanian bee products from different origins (micro apiary products, lyophilised forms, commercial) exhibit distinct chemical compositions, influencing their biological activities. An LC-MS analysis revealed varied polyphenolic content patterns, with cumaric acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and quercitine identified in significant amounts across all samples. Primary anti-inflammatory evaluation phases, including the inhibition of haemolysis values and protein denaturation, unveiled a range of protective effects on red blood cells (RBC) and blood proteins, contingent upon the sample concentration. Antimicrobial activity assessments against 12 ATCC strains and 6 pathogenic isolates demonstrated varying efficacy, with propolis samples showing low efficacy, royal jelly forms displaying moderate effectiveness, and apilarnin forms exhibiting good inhibitory activity, mostly against Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, the lyophilised form emerged as the most promising sample, yielding the best results across the biological activities assessed. Furthermore, molecular docking was employed to elucidate the inhibitory potential of compounds identified from these bee products by targeting putative bacterial and fungal proteins. Results from the docking analysis showed rosmarinic and rutin exhibited strong binding energies and interactions with the putative antimicrobial proteins of bacteria (-9.7 kcal/mol to -7.6 kcal/mol) and fungi (-9.5 kcal/mol to -8.1 kcal/mol). The findings in this study support the use of bee products for antimicrobial purposes in a biologically active and eco-friendly proportion while providing valuable insights into their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pătruică
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului nr. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (S.P.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Suleiman Mukhtar Adeiza
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Anca Hulea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului no. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.); (F.I.); (D.O.)
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului no. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania (I.C.)
| | - Ileana Cocan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului no. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania (I.C.)
| | - Dragos Moraru
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului nr. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (S.P.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilinca Imbrea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului no. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Doris Floares
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului no. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.); (F.I.); (D.O.)
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului nr. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (S.P.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Florin Imbrea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului no. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.); (F.I.); (D.O.)
| | - Diana Obiștioiu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului no. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.); (F.I.); (D.O.)
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Chavda VP, Vuppu S, Balar PC, Mishra T, Bezbaruah R, Teli D, Sharma N, Alom S. Propolis in the management of cardiovascular disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131219. [PMID: 38556227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis is a resinous compound that is obtained from honey bees. It consists of numerous chemical constituents that impart different therapeutic action. The heart is the core of the body and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a burden for the human being. This article emphasizes how propolis is fruitful in the management of various CVDs. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review focuses on how various constituents of the propolis (such as terpenes, flavonoids, phenolics, etc.) impart cardio protective actions. KEY FINDING AND CONCLUSION With the support of various clinical trials and research outcomes, it was concluded that propolis owns niche cardio protective properties that can be a boon for various cardiac problems (both in preventive and therapeutic action) such as atherosclerosis, excessive angiogenesis, hypertension, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, Society Research lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Toshika Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, Society Research lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Assam medical College and hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Divya Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, Society Research lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, India
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Ören E, Tuncay S, Toprak YE, Fırat M, Toptancı İ, Karasakal ÖF, Işık M, Karahan M. Antioxidant, antidiabetic effects and polyphenolic contents of propolis from Siirt, Turkey. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2772-2782. [PMID: 38628175 PMCID: PMC11016413 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Propolis, a natural product collected by honeybees from various plant sources, has gained significant attention due to its diverse bioactive compounds and potential therapeutic properties. To further explore its contents and biological activities, this study aimed to analyze the phenolic compounds in Siirt propolis extracts obtained using different solvents, namely ethanol, water, and ethanol-water mixtures. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the phenolic profile, as well as the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the propolis extracts. Chemical profiling of extracts was performed using LC-MS/MS. The antioxidant potential of the propolis extracts was evaluated through free radical scavenging methods, including DPPH and ABTS assays. As a result of these analyses, propolis extracts showed moderate radical scavenging potential with 13.86%-35.72% for DPPH and 33.62%-62.50% for ABTS at a concentration of 30 μg mL-1, respectively. This radical scavenging potential of the extracts sheds light on its ability to combat oxidative stress, which is implicated in the development of diabetes, and its potential effects on cellular health. Additionally, the study assessed the antidiabetic properties of the propolis extracts by examining their inhibition effects on α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes. Extracts with high phenolic content showed a high inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 5.72 ± 0.83 μg mL-1. This research provided significant findings regarding the potential use of propolis in the treatment of diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Ören
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Salih Tuncay
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Yunus Emre Toprak
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Muhammet Fırat
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate Institute, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
| | | | - Ömer Faruk Karasakal
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityTurkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of EngineeringBilecik Şeyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
| | - Mesut Karahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health ServicesUskudar UniversityTurkey
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5
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Silva AM, Rocha B, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C, das Neves J, Rodrigues F. Biological Activity and Chemical Composition of Propolis Extracts with Potential Use in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2478. [PMID: 38473725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental sustainability is an increasing challenge in the pharmaceutical field, leading to the search for eco-friendly active ingredients. Among natural ingredients, propolis arises as an excellent alternative, being a complex substance with pharmacological properties. This work aims to explore the potential of propolis as a new pharmaceutical ingredient for the replacement of conventional vulvovaginal antifungals. Propolis extracts were obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction using different solvents (water, water/ethanol (50:50, v/v), and ethanol). Afterwards, the extracts were characterized regarding total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant/antiradical activities, radical scavenging capacity, antifungal activity against strains of Candida species, and viability effect on two female genital cell lines. The aqueous extract achieved the best TPC result as well as the highest antioxidant/antiradical activities and ability to capture reactive oxygen species. A total of 38 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC, among which ferulic acid, phloridzin and myricetin predominated. Regarding the anti-Candida spp. activity, the aqueous and the hydroalcoholic extracts achieved the best outcomes (with MIC values ranging between 128 and 512 μg/mL). The cell viability assays confirmed that the aqueous extract presented mild selectivity, while the hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts showed higher toxicities. These results attest that propolis has a deep potential for vulvovaginal candidiasis management, supporting its economic valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Rocha
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela M Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - José das Neves
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- CESPU-Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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de Almeida-Junior S, Ferraz MVF, de Oliveira AR, Maniglia FP, Bastos JK, Furtado RA. Advances in the phytochemical screening and biological potential of propolis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:886-899. [PMID: 37038052 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural resinous product collected from different parts of plants by bees and mixed with their salivary secretions. The occurrence of more than 180 different chemotypes has flavonoids, phenolic acids, esters, and phenolic aldehydes, as well as balsamic resins, beeswax, pollen, and essential and aromatic oils, among others. Its biological potential documented throughout the world justifies the need, from time to time, to organize reviews on the subject, with the intention of gathering and informing about the update on propolis. In this review (CRD42020212971), phytochemical advances, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical biological assays of pharmacological interest are showcased. The focus of this work is to present propolis clinical safety assays, antitumor, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. This literature review highlights propolis' promising biological activity, as it also suggests that studies associating propolis with nanotechnology should be further explored for enhanced bioprocessing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio de Almeida-Junior
- Biosciences and Health Laboratory, State University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vitor Ferreira Ferraz
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alex Roberto de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Animal Science Laboratory, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Furtado
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Animal Science Laboratory, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
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7
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Vieira ALS, Correia VTDV, Ramos ALCC, da Silva NHA, Jaymes LAC, Melo JOF, de Paula ACCFF, Garcia MAVT, de Araújo RLB. Evaluation of the Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Green, Brown, and Dark Propolis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3204. [PMID: 37765368 PMCID: PMC10537587 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of propolis varies between different types, due to the specific vegetation found near the hives and the climatic and soil conditions worldwide. Green propolis is exclusive to Brazil, produced by bees, with the resin of the plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brown propolis is a specific variety produced mainly in Northeast Brazil from the plant Hyptis divaricata, also known as "maria miraculosa". Dark propolis is a variety of propolis produced by bees from the resin of the plant known as Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis benth). In this study, the aqueous extracts of green, brown, and dark propolis were analyzed for their antioxidant capacity using ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH, and their chemical profiles were determined using paper spray mass spectrometry. Among the three extracts, green propolis had the highest content of total phenolic compounds (2741.71 ± 49.53 mg GAE. 100 g-1), followed by brown propolis (1191.55 ± 36.79 mg GAE. 100 g-1), and dark propolis had the lowest content (901.79 ± 27.80 mg GAE. 100 g-1). The three types of propolis showed high antioxidant capacity, with green showing the highest antioxidant capacity for the three methods used. Using paper spray mass spectrometry, it was possible to suggest the presence of 116 substances, including flavonoids (56), phenylpropanoids (30), terpenes (25), carboxylic acids (1), benzoic acid derivatives (1), fatty acids (1), amino acids (1) and alkaloids (1). The compounds in the green, brown, and dark propolis extracts reinforce the bioactive potential for application in these tree extracts' food and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Santos Vieira
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Vinícius Tadeu da Veiga Correia
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz Ramos
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Nayana Hayss Araújo da Silva
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Leonardo Assis Campos Jaymes
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Julio Onésio Ferreira Melo
- Department of Exact and Biological Sciences, Campus Sete Lagoas, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Vieira Teixeira Garcia
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Raquel Linhares Bello de Araújo
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
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8
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Paula VB, Estevinho LM, Cardoso SM, Dias LG. Comparative Methods to Evaluate the Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis: An Attempt to Explain the Differences. Molecules 2023; 28:4847. [PMID: 37375400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product produced by bees that contains a complex mixture of compounds, including phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These compounds contribute to its biological activities, such as antioxidant capacity. This study analysed the pollen profile, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant properties, and phenolic compound profile of four propolis samples from Portugal. The total phenolic compounds in the samples were determined by six different techniques: four different Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) methods, spectrophotometry (SPECT), and voltammetry (SWV). Of the six methods, SPECT allowed the highest quantification, while SWV achieved the lowest. The mean TPC values for these methods were 422 ± 98 and 47 ± 11 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was determined by four different methods: DPPH, FRAP, original ferrocyanide (OFec), and modified ferrocyanide (MFec). The MFec method gave the highest antioxidant capacity for all samples, followed by the DPPH method. The study also investigated the correlation between TPC and antioxidant capacity with the presence of hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA), and flavonoids (FLAV) in propolis samples. The results showed that the concentrations of specific compounds in propolis samples can significantly impact their antioxidant capacity and TPC quantification. Analysis of the profile of phenolic compounds by the UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS technique identified chrysin, caffeic acid isoprenyl ester, pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, and caffeic acid phenyl ester as the major compounds in the four propolis samples. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of the choice of method for determining TPC and antioxidant activity in samples and the contribution of HBA and HCA content to their quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa B Paula
- Doctoral School, University of León (ULE), Campus de Vegazana, 24007 León, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Letícia M Estevinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís G Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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9
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Biological Activity and Chemical Composition of Propolis from Various Regions of Poland. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010141. [PMID: 36615334 PMCID: PMC9822435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is one of the bee products, with multiple biological properties used in numerous applications. The research objective was to determine the chemical composition and biological properties (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and cytoprotective activity) of propolis extracts collected from various regions of Poland. The results indicated that the total content of phenols (116.16-219.41 mg GAE/g EEP) and flavonoids (29.63-106.07 mg QE/g EEP) in propolis extracts depended on their geographic origin. The high content of epicatechin, catechin, pinobanksin, myricetin, and acids: vanillic and syringic in propolis samples was confirmed by chromatographic analysis. Moreover, the presence of caffeic acid phenethyl ester was confirmed in all samples. The origin of propolis also influenced the biological properties of its extracts. The propolis extracts were characterized by moderate DPPH free radical scavenging activity (29.22-35.14%), and relatively low ferrous iron chelating activity (9.33-32.32%). The results indicated also that the propolis extracts showed high activity in the protection of human red blood cells against free radicals generated from 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The extracts exhibited diversified activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria and limited activity against fungal strains. The research of selected propolis extracts showed that only 2 of 5 examined samples showed moderate activity against HPV (human papillomaviruses) and the activity depended on its geographical distribution.
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Extracts from European Propolises as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010055. [PMID: 36615251 PMCID: PMC9822166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the melanogenesis pathway. Melanin, the product of this process, is the main pigment of the human skin and a major protection factor against harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Increased melanin synthesis due to tyrosinase hyperactivity can cause hyperpigmentation disorders, which in consequence causes freckles, age spots, melasma, or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Tyrosinase overproduction and hyperactivity are triggered by the ageing processes and skin inflammation as a result of oxidative stress. Therefore, the control of tyrosinase activity is the main goal of the prevention and treatment of pigmentation disorders. Natural products, especially propolis, according to their phytochemical profile abundant in polyphenols, is a very rich resource of new potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Therefore, this study focused on the assessment of the tyrosinase inhibitory potential of six extracts obtained from the European propolis samples of various origins. The results showed the potent inhibitory activity of all tested propolis extracts towards commercially available mushroom tyrosinase. The four most active propolis extracts showed inhibitory activity in the range of 86.66-93.25%. Apart from the evaluation of the tyrosinase inhibition, the performed research included UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS (ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry) phytochemical profiling as well as antioxidant activity assessment using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfuric acid (ABTS) radical scavenging tests. Moreover, statistical analysis was used to correlate the tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of propolis extracts with their phytochemical composition. To summarise, the results of our research showed that tested propolis extracts could be used for skin cosmeceutical and medical applications.
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Sánchez-Martín V, Haza AI, Iriondo-DeHond A, del Castillo MD, Hospital XF, Fernández M, Hierro E, Morales P. Protective Effect of Thyme and Chestnut Honeys Enriched with Bee Products against Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced DNA Damage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16969. [PMID: 36554850 PMCID: PMC9779538 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to validate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and preventive potential against benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced DNA damage of nine samples of thyme and chestnut honeys enriched with bee products (royal jelly and propolis, 2-10%). Cell viability was determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay (0-250 mg/mL) to select nontoxic concentrations, and DNA damage (0.1-10 μg/mL) was evaluated by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay. Treatment with honey samples or royal jelly and propolis did not affect the viability of HepG2 cells up to 100 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. Treatment with 100 μM BaP significantly increased (p ≤ 0.001) the levels of the DNA strand breaks. None of the tested concentrations (0.1-10 μg/mL) of the honey samples (thyme and chestnut), royal jelly, and propolis caused DNA damage per se. All tested samples at all the concentrations used decreased the genotoxic effect of BaP. In addition, all mixtures of thyme or chestnut honeys with royal jelly or propolis showed a greater protective effect against BaP than the samples alone, being the thyme and chestnut honey samples enriched with 10% royal jelly and 10% propolis the most effective (70.4% and 69.4%, respectively). The observed protective effect may be associated with the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the studied samples. In conclusion, the thyme and chestnut honey samples enriched with bee products present potential as natural chemoprotective agents against the chemical carcinogen BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Sánchez-Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Haza
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Iriondo-DeHond
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores del Castillo
- Food Bioscience Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier F. Hospital
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Fernández
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Hierro
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Morales
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Woźniak M. Antifungal Agents in Wood Protection—A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196392. [PMID: 36234929 PMCID: PMC9570806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation of wood and wood products caused by fungi is recognized as one of the most significant problems worldwide. To extend the service life of wood products, wood is treated with preservatives, often with inorganic compounds or synthetic pesticides that have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the development of new, environmentally friendly wood preservatives is being carried out in research centers around the world. The search for natural, plant, or animal derivatives as well as obtaining synthetic compounds that will be safe for humans and do not pollute the environment, while at the same time present biological activity is crucial in terms of environmental protection. The review paper presents information in the literature on the substances and chemical compounds of natural origin (plant and animal derivatives) and synthetic compounds with a low environmental impact, showing antifungal properties, used in research on the ecological protection of wood. The review includes literature reports on the potential application of various antifungal agents including plant extracts, alkaloids, essential oils and their components, propolis extract, chitosan, ionic liquids, silicon compounds, and nanoparticles as well as their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60625 Poznań, Poland
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Segueni N, Akkal S, Benlabed K, Nieto G. Potential Use of Propolis in Phytocosmetic as Phytotherapeutic Constituent. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185833. [PMID: 36144568 PMCID: PMC9502464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytocosmetic is an important aspect of traditional medicine in several cultures. Researchers are now focusing to find new and effective ingredients of natural origin. Propolis is a natural beehive product extensively used in traditional medicine. We aimed in the present study to investigate the potential use of propolis as an aesthetic and phytotherapeutic constituent in phytocosmetics. Propolis was extracted using 80% ethanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined calorimetrically. Free radical scavenging ability and reducing capacity were evaluated using four assays and expressed as IC50 values. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on 11 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The wound healing activity of 30% ethanolic extract and propolis ointment was studied using excision wounds in the anterio-dorsal side of the rats. The phenolic acid composition of the tested propolis was investigated using UFLC/MS-MS analysis. The tested propolis was rich in phenolic and flavonoid content and demonstrated an interesting antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Wounds treated with propolis appear to display a lesser degree of inflammation. Chemical analysis led to the identification of 11 phenolics. Among them, five are considered as main compounds: Chlorogenic acid (48.79 ± 5.01 ng/mL), Gallic acid (44.25 ± 6.40 ng/mL), Rutin (21.12 ± 3.57 ng/mL), Caffeic acid (28.19 ± 4.95 ng/mL), and trans-cinnamic acid (20.10 ± 6.51 ng/mL). Our results indicated that propolis can not only be used as a cosmetic ingredient but also be used as a preventative and curative constituent, which might be used as a barrier when applied externally on infected and non-infected skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Segueni
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Campus Chaabat Ersas, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria or or
- Faculty of Medicine, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Salah Akkal
- Unit of Recherche Valorisation of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Analyses Physicochemical and Biological (VARENBIOMOL), Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Kadour Benlabed
- Faculty of Medicine, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-86-888-9624; Fax: +34-86-888-4147
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Quality assessment and chemical diversity of Australian propolis from Apis mellifera bees. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13574. [PMID: 35945451 PMCID: PMC9362168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The propolis industry is well established in European, South American and East Asian countries. Within Australia, this industry is beginning to emerge with a few small-scale producers. To contribute to the development of the Australian propolis industry, the present study aimed to examine the quality and chemical diversity of propolis collected from various regions across Australia. The results of testing 158 samples indicated that Australian propolis had pure resin yielding from 2 to 81% by weight, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in one gram of dry extract ranging from a few up to 181 mg of gallic acid equivalent and 145 mg of quercetin equivalent, respectively. Some Australian propolis showed more potent antioxidant activity than the well-known Brazilian green, Brazilian red, and Uruguayan and New Zealand poplar-type propolis in an in vitro DPPH assay. In addition, an HPLC–UV analysis resulted in the identification of 16 Australian propolis types which can be considered as high-grade propolis owing to their high total phenolic content. Chemometric analysis of their 1H NMR spectra revealed that propolis originating from the eastern and western coasts of Australia could be significantly discriminated based on their chemical composition.
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Research Progress on Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Propolis on Wound Healing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5798941. [PMID: 35911156 PMCID: PMC9334088 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5798941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a kind of reduct collected by bees from various plant sources. Because propolis is a mixture, it has a variety of biological activities, excellent anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects. Especially in the treatment of infectious wounds, acute wounds, burns, and scalds and promoting wound healing, more and more scientists began to apply it to the research field of wound healing. The standard preparation of propolis combined with other compound components has a safer and less toxic effect in the treatment of trauma. In order to more effectively use propolis products in wound treatment. This paper reviews the effect and treatment mechanism of propolis on different types of wound healing, as well as the synergistic effect of propolis and other compounds, in order to provide ideas for the further exploration of the biological activity and pharmacological function of propolis in the future, as well as its in-depth development in the field of wound healing. It will also provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of propolis.
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Zhang Y, Lv G, Song T, Chen C, Zhang Z, Cai W. Recovery of the phenolic compounds from artificial cultivated
Sanghuangporus vaninii
using a green method and biological properties of phenolic extract
in vitro. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang China
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
| | - Guoying Lv
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
| | - Tingting Song
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
| | - Chun Chen
- College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang China
| | - Zuofa Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
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Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of Saudi Propolis Collected by Arabian Honey Bee (Apis mellifera jemenitica) Colonies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071413. [PMID: 35883906 PMCID: PMC9311549 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis (bee glue) is a complex, phyto-based resinous material obtained from beehives. Its chemical and biological properties vary with respect to bee species, type of plants, geographical location, and climate of a particular area. This study was planned with the aim of determining the chemical composition and to investigate various properties (against oxidants and microbes) of different extracts of Saudi propolis collected from Arabian honey bee (Apis mellifera jemenitica) colonies headed by young queens. Chemical analysis of propolis extracts with different solvents, i.e., ethyl acetate (Eac), methanol (Met), butanol (BuT), and hexane (Hex) was done through colorimetry for the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) evaluation. For separation and extensive characterization of the Met extract, chromatography and 1H NMR were deployed. Six different microorganisms were selected to analyze the Saudi-propolis-based extract’s antimicrobial nature by measuring zones of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Molecular docking was done by utilizing AutodDock, and sketching of ligands was performed through Marvin Chem Sketch (MCS), and the resultant data after 2D and 3D clean were stored in .mol format. The highest TFC (96.65 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g of propolis) and TPC (325 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of propolis) were noted for Met. Six familiar compounds were isolated, and recognition was done with NMR. Met extract showed the greatest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Met showed max microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI = 18.67 mm, MIC = 0.625 mg/mL), whereas the minimum was observed in Hex against E. coli (ZOI = 6.33 mm, MIC = 2.50 mg/mL). Furthermore, the molecular docking process established the biological activity of separated compounds against HCK (Hematopoietic cell kinase) and Gyrase B of S. aureus. Moreover, the stability of protein–ligand complexes was further established through molecular dynamic simulation studies, which showed that the receptor–ligand complexes were quite stable. Results of this research will pave the way for further consolidated analysis of propolis obtained from Arabian honey bees (A. m. jemenitica).
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Meral Kekecoglu, Sonmez E, Yalcin NE, Acar MK, Caprazli T. Analysis of Detailed Chemical and Bioactive Components of Yığılca Honeybee Propolis and Determination of Antioxidant Potential. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chemical Variability and Pharmacological Potential of Propolis as a Source for the Development of New Pharmaceutical Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051600. [PMID: 35268700 PMCID: PMC8911684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to analyze propolis as a potential raw material for the development and manufacture of new health-promoting products. Many scientific publications were retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases via searching the word "propolis". The different extraction procedures, key biologically active compounds, biological properties, and therapeutic potential of propolis were analyzed. It was concluded that propolis possesses a variety of biological properties because of a very complex chemical composition that mainly depends on the plant species visited by bees and species of bees. Numerous studies found versatile pharmacological activities of propolis: antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, etc. In this review, the composition and biological activities of propolis are presented from a point of view of the origin and standardization of propolis for the purpose of the development of new pharmaceutical products on its base. It was revealed that some types of propolis, especially European propolis, contain flavonoids and phenolic acids, which could be markers for the standardization and quality evaluation of propolis and its preparations. One more focus of this paper was the overview of microorganisms’ sensitivity to propolis for further development of antimicrobial and antioxidant products for the treatment of various infectious diseases with an emphasis on the illnesses of the oral cavity. It was established that the antimicrobial activity of different types of propolis is quite significant, especially to Gram-negative bacteria and lipophilic viruses. The present study could be also of interest to the pharmaceutical industry as a review for the appropriate design of standardized propolis preparations such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, oral drops, sprays, creams, ointments, suppositories, tablets, and capsules, etc. Moreover, propolis could be regarded as a source for the isolation of biologically active substances. Furthermore, this review can facilitate partially overcoming the problem of the standardization of propolis preparations, which is a principal obstacle to the broader use of propolis in the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, this study could be of interest in the area of the food industry for the development of nutritionally well-balanced products. The results of this review indicate that propolis deserves to be better studied for its promising therapeutic effects from the point of view of the connection of its chemical composition with the locality of its collection, vegetation, appropriate extraction methods, and standardization.
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Aboulghazi A, Touzani S, Fadil M, Lyoussi B. Physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and anticandidal activities of Moroccan propolis. Vet World 2022; 15:341-349. [PMID: 35400958 PMCID: PMC8980394 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.341-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Human mycotic infections are one of the major health problems worldwide. Prolonged use of antimycotic drugs has contributed to the development of resistance in pathogenic fungi. This study was conducted to examine antioxidant and anticandidal activities of Moroccan propolis. Materials and Methods: Two ethanolic extracts of Moroccan propolis from the Fez-Meknes region were evaluated regarding the following physicochemical parameters: Yield, pH, total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, minerals, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. In addition, we assessed the in vitro anticandidal activity against vulvovaginal candidiasis strains, that is, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida krusei, using the broth micromethod according to the CLSI/M27-A3 reference guidelines. Results: The propolis samples exhibited a mean yield of 16%, with an acidic pH ranging from 4.8 to 5.9; the sample from the Oued Amlil area (OAPEE) contained high levels of resin, balsam, moisture, total carbohydrates, and total lipids: 59.8%, 0.71%, 2%, 1.01 gGlcEq/g, and 120 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the sample from the Sefrou area (SFPEE) was richer in total proteins and minerals, with values of 2.5 g/100 g and 1.84%, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content in the propolis extracts were 117.38 and 194.68 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g, and 17.45–27.79 mg of quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. Regarding the antioxidant activity, the most effective propolis extract was the sample from the Sefrou area, at 72.5 μg/mL and 118.78 μmoL Fe2+/g for ABTS-half-maximal inhibitory concentration and FRAP-half maximal effective concentration, respectively. The analysis of phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector revealed the presence of 13 polyphenols. The main compound in the OAPEE sample was epicatechin (310 mg/g), whereas in the SFPEE sample was apigenin (410 mg/g). Regarding the antifungal activity against Candida species, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of the Moroccan propolis ethanolic extracts ranged between 31.2 and 62.5 μg/mL and 62.5 and 125 μg/mL, respectively, comparable with fluconazole (as a reference antimycotic). Conclusion: This study suggests that Moroccan propolis (31.2 and 125 μg/mL) may be an important source of bioactive molecules with anticandidal activity. Propolis may be a promising naturally-occurring candidate for the development of antimycotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrazak Aboulghazi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Touzani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mouhcine Fadil
- Physicochemical Laboratory of Inorganic and Organic Materials, Materials Science Center, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
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The Study of Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Poplar-Type Polish Propolis Considering Local Flora Diversity in Relation to Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities in Human Breast Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030725. [PMID: 35163989 PMCID: PMC8840218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nine samples of ethanolic extracts of poplar-type propolis (EEP) originated from South-Eastern Poland were analyzed in terms of the diversity of the flora around the apiary. The mineral composition, antioxidant properties, polyphenolic profile (HPTLC), and main polyphenolic constituents (HPLC-DAD) were determined. Only minor differences in chemical composition and antioxidant capacity between tested EEPs were found regardless of their botanical origin. However, the biological activity of the EEPs was more diversified. The tested EEPs showed stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) compared to Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Staphylococci biofilm inhibition occurred as a result of exposure to the action of four out of nine EEPs (P1–P4). Due to the various compositions of individual EEPs, a different MCF-7 cellular response was observed according to inhibition of cells migration and proliferation. Almost every sample inhibited the migration of breast cancer cells at a low concentration (0.04 µg/mL) of propolis. Even at the lowest concentration (0.02 µg/mL), each EEP inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, however, the level of inhibition varied between samples.
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Brahmachari G, Karmakar I. Visible Light‐Driven and Singlet Oxygen‐Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxyphenylated‐α‐Ketoamides Through Decarboxylative Amidation of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Brahmachari
- Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731 235, WestBengal, India Chemistry Siksha Bhavana Street 731 235 Santiniketan INDIA
| | - Indrajit Karmakar
- Visva-Bharati University: Visva-Bharati Chemistry 731235 Santiniketan INDIA
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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Total Polyphenols of Anchusa italica Retz. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020416. [PMID: 35056731 PMCID: PMC8778933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anchusa italica Retz has been used for a long time in phytotherapy. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts from the leaves and roots of Anchusa italica Retz. We first determined the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids using Folin-Ciocalteu reagents and aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The antioxidant activity was determined using three methods: reducing power (FRAP), 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The antimicrobial activity was investigated against four strains of Escherichia coli, two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and one fungal strain of Candida albicans. The results showed that the root extract was rich in polyphenols (43.29 mg GAE/g extract), while the leave extract was rich in flavonoids (28.88 mg QE/g extract). The FRAP assay showed a strong iron reduction capacity for the root extract (IC50 of 0.11 µg/mL) in comparison to ascorbic acid (IC50 of 0.121 µg/mL). The DPPH test determined an IC50 of 0.11 µg/mL for the root extract and an IC50 of 0.14 µg/mL for the leaf extract. These values are low compared to those for ascorbic acid (IC50 of 0.16 µg/mL) and BHT (IC50 0.20 µg/mL). The TAC values of the leaf and root extracts were 0.51 and 0.98 mg AAE/g extract, respectively. In vitro, the extract showed inhibitory activity against all strains studied, with diameters of zones of inhibition in the range of 11.00-16.00 mm for the root extract and 11.67-14.33 mm for the leaf extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration was recorded for the leaf extract against E. coli (ATB:57), corresponding to 5 mg/mL. Overall, this research indicates that the extracts of Anchusa italica Retz roots and leaves exert significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities, probably because of the high content of flavonoids and polyphenols.
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Amorim JDP, Nascimento HA, Silva Junior CJG, Medeiros ADM, Silva IDL, Costa AFS, Vinhas GM, Sarubbo LA. Obtainment of bacterial cellulose with added propolis extract for cosmetic applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia D. P. Amorim
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Escola Icam Tech Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Helenise A. Nascimento
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Cláudio José G. Silva Junior
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Escola Icam Tech Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Alexandre D. M. Medeiros
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Escola Icam Tech Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Ivo Diego L. Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Andréa Fernanda S. Costa
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Escola Icam Tech Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Centro Acadêmico da Região Agreste Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Caruaru Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Glória Maria Vinhas
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Leonie A. Sarubbo
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Escola Icam Tech Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP) Recife Pernambuco Brazil
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Yadav T, Brahmachari G, Karmakar I, Saha S, Chowdhury J, Pathak A, Kumar R, Sharma R, Bento RRF, Yadav NP. Spectroscopic Investigation of Electron-Releasing Functional Groups Substituted N- Iso-Butyl, S-2-Nitro-1-Phenylethyl Dithiocarbamate – A DFT Approach. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1993940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Yadav
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrajit Karmakar
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Saumen Saha
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Amit Pathak
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R. Sharma
- Department of Physics, Rabindranath Tagore University, Hojai, Assam, India
| | | | - Nagendra P. Yadav
- School of Electrical and Electronics Information Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
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