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Polcaro LM, Samani MR, Piacente S, Masullo M. Development of a New Extraction Method for Pomegranate and Metabolite Profiling by a LC-MS and 1H NMR Combined Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1429. [PMID: 38790729 PMCID: PMC11120047 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) market has steadily grown due to the increasing demand of health-conscious consumers of products with health-promoting effects. Recently, a growing interest in developing ecological and environmentally friendly extraction methods has led to investigating extraction procedures to obtain a higher extraction yield using a lower amount of solvents and energy. Herein, a new extraction procedure was developed to obtain an enriched pomegranate food supplement by using the peels of pomegranate, cultivar "Dente di Cavallo" and its juice. The extraction was performed through a non-conventional extraction technique like SLDE-Naviglio using ethanol and pomegranate juice as a solvent, and peels as a matrix. The extract was analysed by a combined approach based on LCESI/QExactive/MS/MS and NMR analysis, and its chemical profile was compared with those of pomegranate juice and of the extract obtained from peels by SLDE-Naviglio by using ethanol:H2O. The LC-MS analysis highlighted the presence of hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and phenol glucoside derivatives, while 1H NMR analysis completed the profile by detecting the primary metabolites. The LC-MS and 1H NMR analysis indicated that the extract obtained by SLDE-Naviglio using ethanol and pomegranate juice was enriched in the bioactives as confirmed by the highest phenolic, tannin and flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maria Polcaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marzieh Rahmani Samani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
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Kılınc H, D’Urso G, Paolillo A, Alankus O, Piacente S, Masullo M. LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of Symphytum anatolicum. Metabolites 2023; 13:1051. [PMID: 37887376 PMCID: PMC10608505 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of metabolomics to the study of plants is growing because of the current development of analytical techniques. The most commonly used analytical technology driving plant metabolomics studies is Mass Spectrometry (MS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC). In recent years, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, not requiring a previous chromatographic separation, has been receiving growing attention for metabolite fingerprinting of natural extracts. Herein, an integrated LC-MS and 1H NMR metabolomic approach provided a comprehensive phytochemical characterization of Symphytum anatolicum whole plant, taking into account both primary and specialized metabolites. Moreover, the NMR analyses provided direct quantitative information. Species belonging to the Symphytum genus, known as comfrey, have shown several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antifungal, and antibacterial. The LC-MS profile showed the presence of 21 main specialized metabolites, belonging to the classes of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, salvianols, and oxylipins. The 1H NMR spectrum revealed the occurrence of metabolites including organic acids, phenolics, flavonoids, sugars, and amino acids. A quantitative analysis of these metabolites was performed and their concentration was obtained with respect to the known concentration of TSP, by means of the software package Chenomx which allows quantification of individual components in the NMR spectra. Furthermore, the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, glucosidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of S. anatolicum extract were evaluated. The resulting bioactivity profile suggests how S. anatolicum represents a source of metabolites with health-promoting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Kılınc
- Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, 35370 İzmir, Turkey;
| | - Gilda D’Urso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Annunziata Paolillo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Ozgen Alankus
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.)
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Cannavacciuolo C, Cerulli A, Dirsch VM, Heiss EH, Masullo M, Piacente S. LC-MS- and 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics to Highlight the Impact of Extraction Solvents on Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Daikon Sprouts ( Raphanus sativus L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1542. [PMID: 37627537 PMCID: PMC10451950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the interest of consumers towards functional foods as source of bioactive compounds is increasing. The sprouts of Raphanus sativus var longipinnatus (Brassicaceae) are "microgreens" popular, especially in gourmet cuisine, for their appealing aspect and piquant flavour. They represent a functional food due to their high nutritional value and health-promoting effects. Herein, the sprouts of daikon were extracted by different solvent mixtures to highlight how this process can affect the chemical profile and the antioxidant activity. An in-depth investigation based on a preliminary LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS profiling was carried out, leading to the identification of nineteen compounds, including glucosinolates and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. An undescribed compound, 1-O-feruloyl-2-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated, and its structure was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. The phenolic content and radical scavenging activity (DPPH and TEAC assays), along with the ability to activate Nrf2 (Nrf2-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay) of polar extracts, were evaluated. The results showed the highest antioxidant activity for the 70% EtOH/H2O extract with a TEAC value of 1.95 mM and IC50 = 93.97 µg/mL in the DPPH assay. Some 50% and 70% EtOH/H2O extracts showed a pronounced concentration-dependent induction of Nrf2 activity. The extracts of daikon sprouts were submitted to 1H NMR experiments and then analyzed by untargeted and targeted approaches of multivariate data analysis to highlight differences related to extraction solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Cannavacciuolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cerulli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.M.D.); (E.H.H.)
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.M.D.); (E.H.H.)
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
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Marijan M, Jakupović L, Končić MZ. Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin-Glycerol-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Satureja montana L.: Optimization, Anti-Elastase and Anti-Hyaluronidase Properties of the Extracts. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A green method for hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-glycerol-assisted extraction (HCGAE) of bioactive phenolics from S. montana, Lamiaceae was optimized using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology and compared conventional water/ethanol-based extraction. The procedure was aimed at obtaining extracts with the maximum content of total phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF), dihydroxycinnamic acids (TDCA), rosmarinic acid (RA), and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (LG). The impact of glycerol content (0–70%), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin content (0–0.4 mmol), temperature (20–70 °C), herbal material weight (0.3–0.8 g), extraction duration (5–25 min), and ultrasound power (144–720 W) on the extraction efficiency was analyzed. Four extracts with maximum amounts of target phenols, OPT-TP (5.93 mg/mL), OPT-TDCA-RA (4.17 mg/mL and 1.16 mg/mL, respectively), OPT-TF (0.99 mg/mL), and OPT-LG (0.28 mg/mL) were prepared. Comparison of the content of TDCA, TF, RA, and LG with those obtained in water/ethanol-based extraction demonstrated the superiority of the HCGAE approach for the extraction of phenols from S. montana. The extracts displayed good anti-elastase and excellent anti-hyaluronidase activity. IC50 values of the anti-hyaluronidase activity (1.67 ± 0.06 μL extract/mL, 1.16 ± 0.08 μL extract/mL, 0.85 ± 0.03 μL extract/mL, and 0.79 ± 0.05 μL extract/mL for OPT-TP, OPT-TDCA-RA, OPT-TF, and OPT-LG, respectively) surpassed that of the applied positive control, tannic acid. The observed bioactivity of the optimized extracts makes them promising active ingredients for natural cosmetics. The results of this research indicate that HCGAE is an excellent alternative to conventional water/ethanol-based extraction of phenolics from Satureja montana L.-yielding extracts with potent anti-elastase and anti-hyaluronidase properties suitable for direct use in cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijan Marijan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lejsa Jakupović
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Jakupović L, Bačić I, Jablan J, Marguí E, Marijan M, Inić S, Nižić Nodilo L, Hafner A, Zovko Končić M. Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin-Based Helichrysum italicum Extracts: Antioxidant and Cosmeceutical Activity and Biocompatibility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040855. [PMID: 37107230 PMCID: PMC10135191 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Helichrysum italicum extracts, OPT-1 (rich in phenolic acids) and OPT-2 (rich in total phenols and flavonoids), were prepared using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD)-assisted extraction. The prepared extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. GC-MS analysis of the extracts identified neryl acetate, neo-intermedeol, β-selinene, γ-curcumene, italidione I, and nerol as the main volatile components of the extracts, as well as plant sterols, γ-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. The antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and a carotene linoleic acid assay) and cosmeceutical (anti-hyaluronidase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-lipoxygenase, ovalbumin anti-coagulation, and a UV-absorption assay) activity of the extracts in most of the assays was better than the activity of the applied positive controls. Especially low were the IC50 values of the extracts in the anti-hyaluronidase (14.31 ± 0.29 μL extract/mL and 19.82 ± 1.53 μL extract/mL for OPT-1 and OPT-2, respectively) and the anti-lipoxygenase (0.96 ± 0.11 μL extract/mL and 1.07 ± 0.01 μL extract/mL for OPT-1 and OPT-2, respectively) assays. The extracts were non-toxic to HaCaT cells in concentrations of up to 62.5 µL extract/mL assuring their status as excellent candidates for cosmeceutical product development appropriate for direct use in cosmetic products without solvent evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejsa Jakupović
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bačić
- Forensic Science Centre “Ivan Vučetić”, Ilica 335, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jablan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Marguí
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marijan Marijan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Inić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Nižić Nodilo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Hafner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Optimization of Cyclodextrin-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Helichrysum italicum for Preparation of Extracts with Anti-Elastase and Anti-Collagenase Properties. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020257. [PMID: 36837876 PMCID: PMC9959134 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum is a plant traditionally used for skin-related disorders that is becoming an increasingly popular ingredient in cosmetic products. In this work, a "green" ultrasound-assisted extraction method for H. italicum phenolics was developed using skin-friendly cyclodextrins (CDs). Extraction conditions needed for the greatest yield of target compounds (total phenolics, phenolic acids, and flavonoids) were calculated. The composition of the extracts was determined using LC-MS and spectrophotometric methods. Among the tested CDs, 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-CD (HP-β-CD) was the best suited for extraction of target phenolics and used to prepare two optimized extracts, OPT 1 (the extract with the highest phenolic acid content) and OPT 2 (the extract with the highest total phenol and flavonoid content). The extracts were prepared at 80 °C, using 0.089 g of plant material/g solvent (0.6 mmol of HP-β-CD), with or without addition of 1.95% (w/w) lactic acid. The main metabolite in both extracts was 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. It was found that the addition of lactic acid greatly contributes to the extraction of arzanol, a well-known anti-inflammatory agent. IC50 values of the anti-elastase (22.360 ± 0.125 μL extract/mL and 20.067 ± 0.975 for OPT-1 and OPT-2, respectively) and anti-collagenase (12.035 ± 1.029 μL extract/mL and 14.392 ± 0.705 μL extract/mL for OPT-1 and OPT-2, respectively) activities of the extracts surpassed those of the applied positive controls, namely ursolic and gallic acids. This activity deems the prepared extracts promising ingredients for natural cosmetics, appropriate for direct use in cosmetic products, removing the need for the evaporation of conventional solvents.
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Pagliari S, Cannavacciuolo C, Celano R, Carabetta S, Russo M, Labra M, Campone L. Valorisation, Green Extraction Development, and Metabolomic Analysis of Wild Artichoke By-Product Using Pressurised Liquid Extraction UPLC-HRMS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:7157. [PMID: 36363983 PMCID: PMC9656714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorisation of food by-products has recently attracted considerable attention due to the opportunities to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the food production chain. Large quantities of non-edible parts of the artichoke plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) comprising leaves, stems, roots, bracts, and seeds are discarded annually during industrial processing. These by-products contain many phytochemicals such as dietary fibres, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, whereby the most challenging issue concerns about the recovery of high-added value components from these by-products. The aim of this work is to develop a novel valorisation strategy for the sustainable utilisation of artichoke leaves' waste, combining green pressurised-liquid extraction (PLE), spectrophotometric assays and UPLC-HRMS phytochemical characterization, to obtain bioactive-rich extract with high antioxidant capacity. Multivariate analysis of the major selected metabolites was used to compare different solvent extraction used in PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagliari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Ciro Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paola II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Sonia Carabetta
- Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, University of Reggio Calabria, Via dell’Università 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Węglarz Z, Kosakowska O, Pióro-Jabrucka E, Przybył JL, Gniewosz M, Kraśniewska K, Szyndel MS, Costa R, Bączek KB. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. from Central Europe. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060735. [PMID: 35745654 PMCID: PMC9227552 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. is one of the most important cosmetic and medicinal plants originating from the Mediterranean region of Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the species cultivated in the temperate climate of Central Europe. The analyses were carried out using herbs and inflorescences. The content of essential oil ranged from 0.25 g × 100 g−1 in the herb to 0.31 g × 100 g−1 in the inflorescences. Neryl acetate, accompanied by α-pinene in the herb (10.42%), and nerol in inflorescences (15.73%) were the dominants here. Rutoside, as well as rosmarinic, chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, isochlorogenic b and cichoric acids, were detected in both raw materials using HPLC-DAD. Within this group, cichoric acid was the dominant (2647.90 mg × 100 g−1 in the herb, 1381.06 mg × 100 g−1 in the inflorescences). The herb appeared to be more abundant in phenolics in comparison with the inflorescences. When given antioxidant activity (determined using DPPH and ABTS assays), both methanolic extract and essential oil obtained from the herb indicated higher potential than those originating from the inflorescences (74.72, 61.38 and 63.81, 58.59% in the case of DPPH, respectively). In turn, regarding antimicrobial activity, the essential oil from inflorescences was distinguished by stronger bacteriostatic power than the herb essential oil. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to both essential oils in comparison with Gram-negative ones, with S. aureus ATCC 25923 as the most susceptible (MIC 1; MBC 16 mg × mL−1) among tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Węglarz
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Kosakowska
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pióro-Jabrucka
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław L Przybył
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gniewosz
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Kraśniewska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek S Szyndel
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Annunziata Street, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Barbara Bączek
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Cerulli A, Masullo M, Pizza C, Piacente S. Metabolite Profiling of “Green” Extracts of Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus, Cultivar “Carciofo di Paestum” PGI by 1H NMR and HRMS-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103328. [PMID: 35630805 PMCID: PMC9145539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L.), is a perennial plant widely cultivated in the Mediterranean area, known for its edible part named capitula or heads. Its functional properties are related to its high levels of polyphenolic compounds and inulin. “Carciofo di Paestum”, an Italian traditional cultivar, is a labeled PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) product of the Campania region, representing an important economic resource. So far, a few chemical investigations were performed on this cultivar, mainly focused on the analysis of methanol extracts. Due to the increasing use of food supplements, in this study, a comprehensive analysis of green extracts of “Carciofo di Paestum” PGI heads was performed. EtOH, EtOH: H2O (80:20, 70:30, 60:40) extracts, as well as infusions and decoctions prepared according to Pharmacopeia XII were analyzed by LC-ESI/QExactive/MS/MS. A total of 17 compounds corresponding to caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids were identified. The extracts were further submitted to NMR analysis to highlight the occurrence of primary metabolites. Both LCMS and NMR data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), showing significant differences among the extraction methods. Moreover, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were quantified in the extracts by LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) method. Furthermore, the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of C. cardunculus var. scolymus “Carciofo di Paestum” extracts were evaluated.
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Garcinia mangostana L. fruits and derived food supplements: identification and quantitative determination of bioactive xanthones by NMR analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 218:114835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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