1
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Xin H, Zhang L, Liao J, Duan XH, Yang X, Guo LN. Photoredox-Catalyzed Sequential Decarboxylative/Defluorinative Aminoalkylation of CF 3-Alkenes with N-Arylglycines. Org Lett 2024; 26:6030-6034. [PMID: 38976347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed sequential decarboxylative/defluorinative aminoalkylation of CF3-alkenes with N-arylglycines is described. This metal-free and redox-neutral protocol provided efficient access to the monofluoroalkenyl-1,5-diamines in good yields with excellent functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway with the gem-difluoroalkenyl amine as an intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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2
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Zubkov MO, Dilman AD. Radical reactions enabled by polyfluoroaryl fragments: photocatalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4741-4785. [PMID: 38536104 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes have been known for a long time, but they are most often used as fluorinated building blocks for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. At the same time, due to peculiar fluorine effect, they have unique properties that provide applications in various fields ranging from synthesis to materials science. This review summarizes advances in the radical chemistry of polyfluoroarenes, which have become possible mainly with the advent of photocatalysis. Transformations of the fluorinated ring via the C-F bond activation, as well as use of fluoroaryl fragments as activating groups and hydrogen atom transfer agents are discussed. The ability of fluoroarenes to serve as catalysts is also considred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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3
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Sugihara N, Nishimoto Y, Osakada Y, Fujitsuka M, Abe M, Yasuda M. Sequential C-F Bond Transformation of the Difluoromethylene Unit in Perfluoroalkyl Groups: A Combination of Fine-Tuned Phenothiazine Photoredox Catalyst and Lewis Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401117. [PMID: 38380969 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A sequential process via photoredox catalysis and Lewis acid mediation for C-F bond transformation of the CF2 unit in perfluoroalkyl groups has been achieved to transform perfluoroalkylarenes into complex fluoroalkylated compounds. A phenothiazine-based photocatalyst promotes the defluoroaminoxylation of perfluoroalkylarenes with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) under visible light irradiation, affording the corresponding aminoxylated products. These products undergo a further defluorinative transformation with various organosilicon reagents mediated by AlCl3 to provide highly functionalized perfluoroalkyl alcohols. Our novel phenothiazine catalyst works efficiently in the defluoroaminoxylation. Transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the catalyst regeneration step is crucial for the photocatalytic aminoxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sugihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuko Osakada
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Yamadagaoka 1-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Ling J, Zhou L. Picking Two out of Three: Defluorinative Annulation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes for the Synthesis of Monofluorinated Carbo- and Heterocycles. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300332. [PMID: 38251926 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand of organofluorine compounds in medicine, agriculture, and materials sciences makes sophisticated methods for their synthesis ever more necessary. Nowadays, not only the C-F bond formation but also the selective C-F bond cleavage of readily available poly- or perfluorine-containing compounds have become powerful tools for the effective synthesis of organofluorine compounds. The defluorinative cross-coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes with various nucleophiles or radical precursors in an SN 2' manner is a convergent route to access gem-difluoroalkenes, which in turn react with nucleophiles or radical precursors via an SN V-type reaction. If the SN V reactions occur intramolecularly, the dual C-F bond cleavage of trifluoromethyl alkenes allows facile assembly of monofluorinated cyclic skeletons with structural complexity and diversity. In this personal account, we summarized the advances in this field on the basis of coupling and cyclization partners, including binucleophiles, alkynes, diradical precursors and radical precursors bearing a nucleophilic site. Accordingly, the annulation reactions can be achieved by base-mediated sequential SN 2'/SN V reactions, transition metal catalyzed or mediated reactions, photoredox catalysis, and the combination of photocatalytic reactions with SN V reaction. In the context of seminal works of others in this field, a concise summary of the contributions of the authors is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Ling
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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5
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Sun R, Li G, Xie F, Zhang Q, Sun YJ, Dai W. Exhaustive Hydrodefluorination or Deuterodefluorination of Trifluoromethylarenes via Metal-Free Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:928-932. [PMID: 38270353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl compounds are persistent environmental pollutants due to their chemical and thermal stability. Hydrodefluorination is one of the most promising strategies for the disposal of fluorine-containing compounds, which has attracted much attention from a broad spectrum of scientific communities. Herein, we disclose a metal-free, visible-light-promoted protocol for the exhaustive hydrodefluorination of a wide variety of trifluoromethylarenes with up to 95% yields. Moreover, methyl-d3 groups can be obtained via deuterium water with a D ratio of up to 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Sun
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guosong Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fukai Xie
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying-Ji Sun
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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6
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Moskalik MY. Monofluoromethylation of N-Heterocyclic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17593. [PMID: 38139426 PMCID: PMC10744182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on recent advances in the methodologies for the formation or introduction of the CH2F moiety in N-heterocyclic substrates over the past 5 years. The monofluoromethyl group is one of the most versatile fluorinated groups used to modify the properties of molecules in synthetic medical chemistry. The review summarizes two strategies for the monofluoromethylation of N-containing heterocycles: direct monofluoromethylation with simple XCH2F sources (for example, ICH2F) and the assembly of N-heterocyclic structures from CH2F-containing substrates. The review describes the monofluoromethylation of pharmaceutically important three-, five- and six-membered N-heterocycles: pyrrolidines, pyrroles, indoles, imidazoles, triazoles, benzothiazoles, carbazoles, indazoles, pyrazoles, oxazoles, piperidines, morpholines, pyridines, quinolines and pyridazines. Assembling of 6-fluoromethylphenanthridine, 5-fluoromethyl-2-oxazolines, C5-monofluorinated isoxazoline N-oxides, and α-fluoromethyl-α-trifluoromethylaziridines is also shown. Fluoriodo-, fluorchloro- and fluorbromomethane, FCH2SO2Cl, monofluoromethyl(aryl)sulfoniummethylides, monofluoromethyl sulfides, (fluoromethyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide and 2-fluoroacetic acid are the main fluoromethylating reagents in recent works. The replacement of atoms and entire functional groups with a fluorine atom(s) leads to a change and often improvement in activity, chemical or biostability, and pharmacokinetic properties. The monofluoromethyl group is a bioisoster of -CH3, -CH2OH, -CH2NH2, -CH2CH3, -CH2NO2 and -CH2SH moieties. Bioisosteric replacement with the CH2F group is both an interesting task for organic synthesis and a pathway to modify drugs, agrochemicals and useful intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Moskalik
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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7
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Li SY, Yang XY, Shen PH, Xu L, Xu J, Zhang Q, Xu HJ. Selective Defluoroalkylation and Hydrodefluorination of Trifluoromethyl Groups Photocatalyzed by Dihydroacridine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38054778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of trifluoromethyl groups through C-F cleavage poses a significant challenge due to the high bond energy of the C(sp3)-F bonds. Herein, we present dihydroacridine derivatives as photocatalysts that can functionalize the C-F bond of trifluoromethyl groups with various alkenes under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations revealed that upon irradiation, the dihydroacridine derivatives exhibit high reducibility and function as photocatalysts for reductive defluorination. This process involves a sequential single-electron transfer mechanism. This research provides valuable insights into the properties of dihydroacridine derivatives as photocatalysts, highlighting the importance of maintaining a planar conformation and a large conjugated system for optimal catalytic activity. These findings facilitate the efficient catalytic reduction of inert chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R. China
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8
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Zeng W, Li H, Wang D, Zhou L. Regioselective Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethylpyrroles by [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N-Acyl α-Amino Acids and 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14088-14095. [PMID: 37698091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A mild and concise method for the synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylpyrroles via base-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-acyl α-amino acids and 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene is described. N-Acyl α-amino acids serve as 1,3-dipole precursors without additional activating agents directly. A high level of regioselectivity was observed, regardless of the electronic nature and size of the substituents on 1,3-dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Duozhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang, P. R. China
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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9
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Tian J, Zhou L. Photoredox radical/polar crossover enables C-H gem-difunctionalization of 1,3-benzodioxoles for the synthesis of monofluorocyclohexenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6045-6051. [PMID: 37293655 PMCID: PMC10246682 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A photocatalytic C-H gem-difunctionalization of 1,3-benzodioxoles with two different alkenes for the synthesis of highly functionalized monofluorocyclohexenes is described. Using 4CzIPN as the photocatalyst, the direct single electron oxidation of 1,3-benzodioxoles allows their defluorinative coupling with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes to produce gem-difluoroalkenes in a redox-neutral radical polar crossover manifold. The C-H bond of the resultant γ,γ-difluoroallylated 1,3-benzodioxoles was further functionalized via radical addition to electron-deficient alkenes using a more oxidizing iridium photocatalyst. The capture of in situ generated carbanions by an electrophilic gem-difluoromethylene carbon and consecutive β-fluoride elimination afford monofluorocyclohexenes. The synergistic combination of multiple termination pathways of carbanions enables rapid incorporation of molecular complexity via stitching simple and readily accessible starting materials together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Tian
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
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10
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Doi R, Yasuda M, Kajita N, Koh K, Ogoshi S. Nickel-Catalyzed Exhaustive Hydrodefluorination of Perfluoroalkyl Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11449-11456. [PMID: 37141012 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl compounds are persistent environmental pollutants due to their strong C(sp3)-F bonds. Hydrodefluorination has emerged as a potential alternative disposal method for perfluoroalkyl compounds. Although the transformation of trifluoromethyl arenes into the corresponding methyl arenes has been studied by several research groups, hydrodefluorination reactions of longer perfluoroalkyl chains remain rare. Herein, we report exhaustive hydrodefluorination reactions of pentafluoroethyl arenes and longer-chain analogues using molecular nickel catalysis. Despite the cleavage of multiple C(sp3)-F bonds, the reaction already proceeds upon gentle heating (60 °C). A mechanistic investigation indicated that the reaction proceeds via benzylic hydrodefluorination reactions followed by homobenzylic ones. We reveal the multiple roles of the Ni catalyst, which include C-F bond cleavage, promotion of HF elimination, and hydrosilylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Doi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Kajita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Koh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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He X, Ling J, Fang Z, Zhou L. Synthesis of 2-Fluorobenzofuran by Photocatalytic Defluorinative Coupling and 5 -endo-trig Cyclization. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37126028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An alkyl radical-triggered dual C-F bond cleavage of α-CF3-ortho-hydroxystyrenes for the synthesis of 2-fluorobenzofurans was developed. The visible-light-induced defluorinative cross-coupling reactions of α-CF3-ortho-hydroxystyrenes with a variety of carboxylic acids produced gem-difluoroalkenes, which underwent SNV-type 5-endo-trig cyclization to give 2-fluorobenzofurans. Mechanistic studies indicated that the electron transfer between phenoxyl radicals and carboxylates was the major pathway for the generation of alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli He
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahao Ling
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhixing Fang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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12
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Bao Y, Tang M, Wang Q, Cao ZY, Wang Y, Yuan Z. Visible-Light-Induced Monofluoroalkenylation and gem-Difluoroallylation of Inactivated C(sp 3)-H Bonds via 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT). J Org Chem 2023; 88:3883-3896. [PMID: 36880346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct monofluoroalkenylation of C(sp3)-H bonds is of great importance and quite challenging. Current methods have been restricted to the monofluoroalkenylation of activated C(sp3)-H bonds. Here, we reported the photocatalyzed C(sp3)-H monofluoroalkenylation of inactivated C(sp3)-H bonds with gem-difluoroalkenes via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer. This process shows good functional group tolerance, such as halides (F, Cl), nitrile, sulfone, ester, and pyridine, and good γ-selectivity. Moreover, this method succeeds in the photocatalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of inactivated C(sp3)-H with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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13
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Herbstritt D, Braun T. Reduction of SF 5CF 3via iridium catalysis: radical trifluoromethylation of aromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3850-3853. [PMID: 36891951 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00495c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The greenhouse gas SF5CF3 acts as CF3 source for the photocatalytic trifluoromethylation of arenes on using [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6 (4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) as catalyst. The trifluoromethylation of C6D6 in the presence of 1-octanol results in the concomitant generation of 1-fluorooctane, presumably by intermediate SF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenique Herbstritt
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Gu X, Liu K, Yang L, Xie C, Li M, Wang JJ. Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective α-heteroarylation of ketones via C-F bond activation to construct all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12498-12502. [PMID: 36382277 PMCID: PMC9629005 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric α-heteroarylation of ketones with fluorinated heteroarenes is reported via C-F bond activation. A series of ketones and 2-fluoropyridine derivatives with different functional groups proceed well to provide the corresponding products containing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in good yields (up to 99% yield) and high ee values (up to 99% ee). In addition, drug molecule donepezil could also be compatible under the reaction conditions to afford late-stage diversification of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Chengyi Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jun Joelle Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 China
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15
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Nishimoto Y, Yasuda M. Lewis Acid-mediated Carbon-Fluorine Bond Transformation: Substitution of Fluorine and Insertion into a Carbon-Fluorine Bond. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University
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16
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Zeng W, Li L, Wang C, Wang D, Zhou L. Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1‐(difluoromethylidene)‐tetralins via Relay Photocatalytic Cascade Reactions of Arylalanines and 2‐Bromo‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropene. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Li W, Chen X, Zhou L. Photocatalytic Defluorinative Three-Component Reaction of α-Trifluoromethyl Alkenes, Alkenes, and Sodium Sulfinates: Synthesis of Monofluorocyclopentenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5946-5950. [PMID: 35926080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic three-component reaction of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes, electron-rich alkenes, and sodium sulfinates for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes in a radical/polar crossover manner was developed. Due to the strong electron-withdrawing nature of the sulfonyl group, the resultant gem-difluoroalkenes can be converted into various monofluorocyclopentenes via intramolecular base-mediated SNV reactions in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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Zeng W, Li W, Chen H, Zhou L. Relay Photocatalytic Reaction of N-Aryl Amino Acids and 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene: Synthesis of 4-(Difluoromethylidene)-tetrahydroquinolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:3265-3269. [PMID: 35467357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bulk industrial chemical 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (BTP) was first employed as a coupling partner in photocatalytic defluorinative reactions with N-aryl amino acids. Photoredox activation of the C(sp2)-Br bond of the resultant 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroalkenes generates gem-difluoro vinyl radicals for further radical cyclization. Various 4-(difluoromethylidene)-tetrahydroquinolines were assembled in good yields by combining two photoredox cycles with a single photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haoguo Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
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19
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Sun Z, Zhou L. Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-dihydroindolizines from Pyrrole-2-acetic Acids and Trifluoromethyl Alkenes via Dual C-F Bond Cleavage in a CF 3 Group. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4801-4812. [PMID: 35297252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of 5-fluoro-dihydroindolizines via dual C-F bond cleavage in a trifluoromethyl group. The photocatalytic defluorinative coupling of pyrrole-2-acetic acids and α-trifluoromethyl alkenes cleaved the first C-F bond, providing gem-difluoroalkenes bearing an unprotected pyrrole motif. Subsequently, an intramolecular SNV reaction closed the ring by forming a C-N bond concomitantly with the cleavage of the second C-F bond. Using indole-2-acetic acids as the substrates, the reactions also allow the assembly of 6-fluoro-dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchang Sun
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Lu B, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Recent Advances in Visible-Light-Mediated Amide Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:517. [PMID: 35056829 PMCID: PMC8781888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has attracted tremendous interest within the synthetic community. As such, the activation mode potentially provides a more sustainable and efficient platform for the activation of organic molecules, enabling the invention of many controlled radical-involved reactions under mild conditions. In this context, amide synthesis via the strategy of photoredox catalysis has received growing interest due to the ubiquitous presence of this structural motif in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals and functionalized materials. Employing this strategy, a wide variety of amides can be prepared effectively from halides, arenes and even alkanes under irradiation of visible light. These methods provide a robust alternative to well-established strategies for amide synthesis that involve condensation between a carboxylic acid and amine mediated by a stoichiometric activating agent. In this review, the representative progresses made on the synthesis of amides through visible light-mediated radical reactions are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
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21
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Tian J, Sun Z, Li W, Wang D, Zhou L. Visible-light-promoted defluorinative ring-opening gem-difluoroallylation of cycloalkanols using 1-trifluoromethyl alkenes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic redox-neutral defluorinative ring-opening coupling of cycloalkanols with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes bearing a distal carbonyl group was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhengchang Sun
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Duozhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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22
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Yan G, Gong X, Zhou Q. Recent advances in C-F bond activation of trifluoromethylated carbonyl compounds and derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5365-5376. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective activation of the inert C-F bonds is one of the most challenging topics in modern organic chemistry. Trifluoromethylketones represent a class of versatile building blocks, which are inexpensive...
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