1
|
Ogorek TJ, Golden JE. Advances in the Development of Small Molecule Antivirals against Equine Encephalitic Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:413. [PMID: 36851628 PMCID: PMC9958955 DOI: 10.3390/v15020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan, western, and eastern equine encephalitic alphaviruses (VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV, respectively) are arboviruses that are highly pathogenic to equines and cause significant harm to infected humans. Currently, human alphavirus infection and the resulting diseases caused by them are unmitigated due to the absence of approved vaccines or therapeutics for general use. These circumstances, combined with the unpredictability of outbreaks-as exemplified by a 2019 EEE surge in the United States that claimed 19 patient lives-emphasize the risks posed by these viruses, especially for aerosolized VEEV and EEEV which are potential biothreats. Herein, small molecule inhibitors of VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV are reviewed that have been identified or advanced in the last five years since a comprehensive review was last performed. We organize structures according to host- versus virus-targeted mechanisms, highlight cellular and animal data that are milestones in the development pipeline, and provide a perspective on key considerations for the progression of compounds at early and later stages of advancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Ogorek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karim M, Saul S, Ghita L, Sahoo MK, Ye C, Bhalla N, Lo CW, Jin J, Park JG, Martinez-Gualda B, East MP, Johnson GL, Pinsky BA, Martinez-Sobrido L, Asquith CRM, Narayanan A, De Jonghe S, Einav S. Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies. Antiviral Res 2022; 204:105367. [PMID: 35738348 PMCID: PMC9212491 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose serious threats to global health. We previously reported that AAK1, BIKE and GAK, members of the Numb-associated kinase family, control intracellular trafficking of multiple RNA viruses during viral entry and assembly/egress. Here, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we probe the functional relevance of NAKs for SARS-CoV-2 infection. siRNA-mediated depletion of AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and STK16, the fourth member of the NAK family, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells. Both known and novel small molecules with potent AAK1/BIKE, GAK or STK16 activity suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, combination treatment with the approved anti-cancer drugs, sunitinib and erlotinib, with potent anti-AAK1/BIKE and GAK activity, respectively, demonstrated synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that pharmacological inhibition of AAK1 and BIKE suppressed viral entry as well as late stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Lastly, suppression of NAKs expression by siRNAs inhibited entry of both wild type and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. These findings provide insight into the roles of NAKs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish a proof-of-principle that pharmacological inhibition of NAKs can be potentially used as a host-targeted approach to treat SARS-CoV-2 with potential implications to other coronaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Karim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Sirle Saul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Luca Ghita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Malaya Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nishank Bhalla
- National Center for Biodefence and Infectious Disease, Biomedical Research Laboratory, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Belén Martinez-Gualda
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Patrick East
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher R M Asquith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefence and Infectious Disease, Biomedical Research Laboratory, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De S, Aamna B, Sahu R, Parida S, Behera SK, Dan AK. Seeking heterocyclic scaffolds as antivirals against dengue virus. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114576. [PMID: 35816877 PMCID: PMC9250831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most typical viral infection categorized in the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). It is transmitted via the female Aedes aegypti mosquito to humans and majorly puts risk to the lives of more than half of the world. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry have led to the design and development of numerous potential heterocyclic scaffolds as antiviral drug candidates for the inhibition of the dengue virus (DENV). Thus, in this review, we have discussed the significance of inhibitory and antiviral activities of nitrogen, oxygen, and mixed (nitrogen-sulfur and nitrogen-oxygen) heterocyclic scaffolds that are published in the last seven years (2016–2022). Furthermore, we have also discussed the probable mechanisms of action and the diverse structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the heterocyclic scaffolds. In addition, this review has elaborately outlined the mechanism of viral infection and the life cycle of DENV in the host cells. The wide set of heterocycles and their SARs will aid in the development of pharmaceuticals that will allow the researchers to synthesize the promising anti-dengue drug candidate in the future.
Collapse
|
4
|
Asquith CRM, Temme L, East MP, Laitinen T, Pickett J, Kwarcinski FE, Sinha P, Wells CI, Johnson GL, Zutshi R, Drewry DH. Identification of 4-anilino-quin(az)oline as a cell active Protein Kinase Novel 3 (PKN3) inhibitor chemotype. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200161. [PMID: 35403825 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Deep annotation of a library of 4-anilinoquinolines led to the identification of 7-iodo- N -(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)quinolin-4-amine 16 as a potent inhibitor (IC 50 = 14 nM) of Protein Kinase Novel 3 (PKN3) with micromolar activity in cells. Compound 16 is a potential tool compound to study the cell biology of PKN3 and its role in pancreatic and prostate cancer and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These 4-anilinoquinolines may also be useful tools to uncover the therapeutic potential of PKN3 inhibition in a broad range of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Louisa Temme
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNITED STATES
| | - Michael P East
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- University of Eastern Finland Faculty of Health Sciences: Ita-Suomen yliopisto Terveystieteiden tiedekunta, School of Pharmacy, FINLAND
| | - Julie Pickett
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNITED STATES
| | - Frank E Kwarcinski
- Luceome Biotechnologies, LLC, Luceome Biotechnologies, LLC, UNITED STATES
| | - Parvathi Sinha
- Luceome Biotechnologies, LLC, Luceome Biotechnologies, LLC, UNITED STATES
| | - Carrow I Wells
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNITED STATES
| | - Gary L Johnson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine,, UNITED STATES
| | - Reena Zutshi
- Luceome Biotechnologies, LLC, Luceome Biotechnologies, LLC,, UNITED STATES
| | - David H Drewry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|