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Naik GARR, Roy AA, Mutalik S, Dhas N. Unleashing the power of polymeric nanoparticles - Creative triumph against antibiotic resistance: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134977. [PMID: 39187099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) poses a universal concern owing to the widespread use of antibiotics in various sectors. Nanotechnology emerges as a promising solution to combat ABR, offering targeted drug delivery, enhanced bioavailability, reduced toxicity, and stability. This comprehensive review explores concepts of antibiotic resistance, its mechanisms, and multifaceted approaches to combat ABR. The review provides an in-depth exploration of polymeric nanoparticles as advanced drug delivery systems, focusing on strategies for targeting microbial infections and contributing to the fight against ABR. Nanoparticles revolutionize antimicrobial approaches, emphasizing passive and active targeting. The role of various molecules, including small molecules, antimicrobial peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, and stimuli-responsive systems, is being explored in recent research works. The complex comprehension mechanisms of ABR and strategic use of nanotechnology present a promising avenue for advancing antimicrobial tactics, ensuring treatment efficacy, minimizing toxic effects, and mitigating development of ABR. Polymeric nanoparticles, derived from natural or synthetic polymers, are crucial in overcoming ABR. Natural polymers like chitosan and alginate exhibit inherent antibacterial properties, while synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polycaprolactone (PCL) can be engineered for specific antibacterial effects. This comprehensive study provides a valuable source of information for researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers engaged in the urgent quest to overcome ABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurisha Alias Resha Ramnath Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka State 576104, India
| | - Amrita Arup Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka State 576104, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka State 576104, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka State 576104, India.
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2
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Li Q, Cao J, Li J, Li D, Jing B, Zhou J, Ao Z. Novel insights into photoaging mechanisms and environmental persistence risks of polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics: Direct and indirect photolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176350. [PMID: 39304142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA), as a biodegradable plastic, exhibits high sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, yet the mechanisms and environmental risks of its photoaging remain unclear. This study uses quantum chemical calculations (DFT and TD-DFT) and kinetic simulations to explore the direct and indirect photoaging of PLA. Direct photoaging indicates that the highest oscillator intensity absorption peaks occurred at 172 and 246 nm, corresponding to the 13th singlet (S13) and 48th triplet (T48) states, thereby initiating the Norrish I and Norrish II mechanisms. The innovative "electron-hole" technology effectively clarifies the variations in photoaging mechanisms under different wavelengths. Indirect photoaging involves multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) like •OH, 1O2, •O2-, and •HO2. The study confirms the anhydride production hypothesis and proposes two novel •OH-induced mechanisms: carbonyl carbon addition and branched methyl hydrogen dehydrogenation. Both mechanisms are thermodynamically advantageous, but their products pose potential environmental risks. ROS species and concentrations impact both PLA's photoaging mechanisms and environmental persistence. Low •OH concentration in northeast China, especially in winter, suggests a significant photoaging risk. This study offers pioneering insights into photoaging mechanisms and emphasizes the pivotal role of ROS, offering recommendations for managing PLA environmental impacts and fates in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jiachun Cao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China
| | - Didi Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Binghua Jing
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China.
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Malone LP, Best SM, Cameron RE. Accelerated degradation testing impacts the degradation processes in 3D printed amorphous PLLA. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1419654. [PMID: 39036561 PMCID: PMC11257899 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1419654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing and electrospinning are widely used to create degradable biomedical components. This work presents important new data showing that the temperature used in accelerated tests has a significant impact on the degradation process in amorphous 3D printed poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) fibres. Samples (c. 100 μ m diameter) were degraded in a fluid environment at37 ° C,50 ° C and80 ° C over a period of 6 months. Our findings suggest that across all three fluid temperatures, the fibres underwent bulk homogeneous degradation. A three-stage degradation process was identified by measuring changes in fluid pH, PLLA fibre mass, molecular weight and polydispersity index. At37 ° C, the fibres remained amorphous but, at elevated temperatures, the PLLA crystallised. A short-term hydration study revealed a reduction in glass transition (Tg), allowing the fibres to crystallise, even at temperatures below the dry Tg. The findings suggest that degradation testing of amorphous PLLA fibres at elevated temperatures changes the degradation pathway which, in turn, affects the sample crystallinity and microstructure. The implication is that, although higher temperatures might be suitable for testing bulk material, predictive testing of the degradation of amorphous PLLA fibres (such as those produced via 3D printing or electrospinning) should be conducted at37 ° C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke P. Malone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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4
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Fu Y, Jin Y, Weng Y, Bian X, Chen X. Degradation Behaviors of Polylactic Acid, Polyglycolic Acid, and Their Copolymer Films in Simulated Marine Environments. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1765. [PMID: 39000621 PMCID: PMC11244091 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) are extensively studied biodegradable polymers. However, the degradation behavior of their copolymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), in marine environments has not yet been confirmed. In this study, the changes in macroscopic and microscopic morphology, thermal properties, aggregation, and chemical structure of PLA, PGA, PLGA-85, and PLGA-75 (with 85% and 75% LA content) in simulated marine environments were investigated. Results revealed that degradation occurred through hydrolysis of ester bonds, and the degradation rate of PGA was faster than that of PLA. The amorphous region degraded preferentially over the crystalline region, leading to cleavage-induced crystallization and decreased thermal stability of PLA, PLGA-85, and PLGA-75. The crystal structures of PLGAs were similar to those of PLA, and the higher GA content, the faster was the degradation rate. This study provides a deeper understanding of the seawater degradation behaviors of PLA, PGA, and their copolymers, and provides guidance for the preparation of materials with controllable degradation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Chen
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ye Fu
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinchao Bian
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Ding W, Chen M, Du H, Guo X, Yuan H, Li M, Xu Y. Tetracalcium phosphate/porous iron synergistically improved the mechanical, degradation and biological properties of polylactic acid scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132530. [PMID: 38777005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Synergistically improving the mechanical and degradable properties of polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds and endowing them with bioactivity are urgent problems to be solved in deepening their application in tissue engineering. In this work, tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and porous iron (pFe) were compounded by stirring and vacuum negative pressure, and then they were blended with polylactic acid and a porous scaffold (named TTCP@pFe/PLA) was prepared by selective laser sintering. On the one hand, molten polylactic acid penetrates the pores of porous iron to form an interlocking network, thereby achieving mechanical strengthening. On the other hand, the alkaline environment generated by the dissolution of tetracalcium phosphate can effectively catalyze the hydrolysis of polylactic acid to accelerate the degradation. Meanwhile, the dissolution of tetracalcium phosphate forms a local calcium-rich microenvironment, which rapidly induces apatite formation, that is, confers bioactivity on scaffolds. As a result, the TTCP@pFe/PLA scaffold exhibited a notable enhancement in mechanical strength, being 2.2 times stronger compared to the polylactic acid scaffold. More importantly, MC3T3E1 cells exhibit good adhesion, stretching, and proliferation on the composite scaffold, demonstrating good cytocompatibility. All these good properties of the TTCP@pFe/PLA scaffold indicate that it has potential applications as a novel alternative in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Meigui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Haocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China.
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Thompson C, Domínguez G, Bardisa P, Liu Y, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Del Río JS, Echeverry-Rendon M, González C, Llorca J. Medical grade 3D printable bioabsorbable PLDL/Mg and PLDL/Zn composites for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:798-811. [PMID: 38146214 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Medical grade PLDL, PLDL/Mg and PLDL/Zn filaments were manufactured by a dual extrusion method and used to prepare coupons and scaffolds with controlled porosity by fused filament fabrication. The mechanical properties, degradation mechanisms and biological performance were carefully analyzed. It was found that the presence of 4 vol.% of Mg and Zn particles did not substantially modify the mechanical properties but accelerated the degradation rate of PLDL. Moreover, the acidification of the pH due to degradation of the PLDL was reduced in the presence of metallic particles. Finally, cell adhesion and proliferation were excellent in the medical grade PLDL as well as in the polymer/metal composites. These results demonstrate the potential of bioabsorbable metal/polymer composites to tailor the mechanical properties, degradation rate and biocompatibility for specific clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian Thompson
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, Spain
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| | - Guillermo Domínguez
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Bardisa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuyao Liu
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Sánchez Del Río
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos González
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Thompson C, González C, LLorca J. Additively-manufactured Mg wire-reinforced PLDL-matrix composites for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106496. [PMID: 38460456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Coupons of a medical grade PLDL polymer matrix uniaxially reinforced with a 15% volume fraction of Mg wires have been manufactured by fused filament fabrication for the first time. Two different types of Mg wires, without and with a surface treatment by plasma electrolytic oxidation were used. Both composite materials were subjected to degradation in phosphate buffer solution over a 3-week period, and their degradation and deformation micromechanisms were analysed in detail. Additionally, the materials were subjected to extensive mechanical testing under various loading conditions, and the interface strength was also analysed. It was found that the presence of the Mg wires improves the mechanical behaviour and accelerates the corrosion rate of the composite with respect that of the polymer matrix and these properties can be further tailored through the surface-modification of Mg wires by plasma electrolytic oxidation. The additive manufacturing strategy presented opens the path to fabricate multimaterial implants and scaffolds with complex shape and tailored properties provided by biodegradable polymers reinforced with either Mg and Zn particles and/or wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thompson
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/ Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - C González
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/ Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Department of Material Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J LLorca
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/ Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Department of Material Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Chen L, Low HR, Jiang Y, Zhang WY, Ao CK, Tan YJN, Lim KH, Soh S. Functional polymeric molecules for performing autonomous synthesis of particles with core-shell structures and customizable shapes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1054-1064. [PMID: 38084052 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Self-organization by the directed migration of components within a system is an important process in many applications, such as the unidirectional migration of motor proteins for transporting items to specific sites in a cell. This manuscript describes a class of functional polymeric molecules that have a set of instructions written by specific chemical moieties. These instructions allow the functional polymeric molecules to be used for autonomous synthesis of particles: particles with both functional core-shell structure and customizable shapes are fabricated for the first time. The functional polymeric molecules direct the large-scale migration of the liquid molecules to specific sites for forming the required customized structure of the particle, thus overcoming previous challenges of fabricating this class of particles. This first synthesis of this class of particles enables the development of novel applications: the concept of shape specificity for targeting sites. Both the basic structural properties (core-shell structure and customizable shape) are used in the specific applications of targeted drug delivery and imaging. The secure physical fit due to the complementary shapes enables the particles to remain locked in position for the targeting. Polymeric molecules are first shown to be highly capable of being encoded with instructions for autonomous synthesis of structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Han Rou Low
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Wan Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Chi Kit Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yan Jie Neriah Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Kang Hui Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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Soo XYD, Jia L, Lim QF, Chua MH, Wang S, Hui HK, See JMR, Chen Y, Li J, Wei F, Tomczak N, Kong J, Loh XJ, Fei X, Zhu Q. Hydrolytic degradation and biodegradation of polylactic acid electrospun fibers. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141186. [PMID: 38215833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Increased use of bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreases energy consumption and lowers pollution, but its degradation efficiency has much room for improvement. The degradation rate of electrospun PLA fibers of varying diameters ranging from 0.15 to 1.33 μm is measured during hydrolytic degradation under different pH from 5.5 to 10, and during aerobic biodegradation in seawater supplemented with activated sewage sludge. In hydrolytic conditions, varying PLA fiber diameter had significant influence over percentage weight loss (W%L), where faster degradation was achieved for PLA fibers with smaller diameter. W%L was greatest for PLA-5 > PLA-12 > PLA-16 > PLA-20, with average W%L at 30.7%, 27.8%, 17.2% and 14.3% respectively. While different pH environment does not have a significant influence on PLA degradation, with W%L only slightly higher for basic environments. Similarly biodegradation displayed faster degradation for small diameter fibers with PLA-5 attaining the highest degree of biodegradation at 22.8% after 90 days. Hydrolytic degradation resulted in no significant structural change, while biodegradation resulted in significant hydroxyl end capping products on the PLA surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of degraded PLA fibers showed a deteriorated morphology of PLA-5 and PLA-12 fibers with increased adhesion structures and irregularly shaped fibers, while a largely unmodified morphology for PLA-16 and PLA-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yun Debbie Soo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Linran Jia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Qi Feng Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Suxi Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hui Kim Hui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Regine See
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yunjie Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiuwei Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Fengxia Wei
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Junhua Kong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore; Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
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Fakhri V, Su CH, Tavakoli Dare M, Bazmi M, Jafari A, Pirouzfar V. Harnessing the power of polyol-based polyesters for biomedical innovations: synthesis, properties, and biodegradation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9597-9629. [PMID: 37740402 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyesters based on polyols have emerged as promising biomaterials for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and regenerative medicine, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatile physicochemical properties. This review article provides an overview of the synthesis methods, performance, and biodegradation mechanisms of polyol-based polyesters, highlighting their potential for use in a wide range of biomedical applications. The synthesis techniques, such as simple polycondensation and enzymatic polymerization, allow for the fine-tuning of polyester structure and molecular weight, thereby enabling the tailoring of material properties to specific application requirements. The physicochemical properties of polyol-based polyesters, such as hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and mechanical properties, can be altered by incorporating different polyols. The article highlights the influence of various factors, such as molecular weight, crosslinking density, and degradation medium, on the biodegradation behavior of these materials, and the importance of understanding these factors for controlling degradation rates. Future research directions include the development of novel polyesters with improved properties, optimization of degradation rates, and exploration of advanced processing techniques for fabricating scaffolds and drug delivery systems. Overall, polyol-based polyesters hold significant potential in the field of biomedical applications, paving the way for groundbreaking advancements and innovative solutions that could revolutionize patient care and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Fakhri
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Chia-Hung Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Masoud Tavakoli Dare
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Bazmi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Jafari
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Pirouzfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Metwally WM, El-Habashy SE, El-Hosseiny LS, Essawy MM, Eltaher HM, El-Khordagui LK. Bioinspired 3D-printed scaffold embedding DDAB-nano ZnO/nanofibrous microspheres for regenerative diabetic wound healing. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015001. [PMID: 37751750 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acfd60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a constant demand for novel materials/biomedical devices to accelerate the healing of hard-to-heal wounds. Herein, an innovative 3D-printed bioinspired construct was developed as an antibacterial/regenerative scaffold for diabetic wound healing. Hyaluronic/chitosan (HA/CS) ink was used to fabricate a bilayer scaffold comprising a dense plain hydrogel layer topping an antibacterial/regenerative nanofibrous layer obtained by incorporating the hydrogel with polylactic acid nanofibrous microspheres (MS). These were embedded with nano ZnO (ZNP) or didecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)-treated ZNP (D-ZNP) to generate the antibacterial/healing nano/micro hybrid biomaterials, Z-MS@scaffold and DZ-MS@scaffold. Plain and composite scaffolds incorporating blank MS (blank MS@scaffold) or MS-free ZNP@scaffold and D-ZNP@scaffold were used for comparison. 3D printed bilayer constructs with customizable porosity were obtained as verified by SEM. The DZ-MS@scaffold exhibited the largest total pore area as well as the highest water-uptake capacity andin vitroantibacterial activity. Treatment ofStaphylococcus aureus-infected full thickness diabetic wounds in rats indicated superiority of DZ-MS@scaffold as evidenced by multiple assessments. The scaffold afforded 95% wound-closure, infection suppression, effective regulation of healing-associated biomarkers as well as regeneration of skin structure in 14 d. On the other hand, healing of non-diabetic acute wounds was effectively accelerated by the simpler less porous Z-MS@scaffold. Information is provided for the first-time on the 3D printing of nanofibrous scaffolds using non-electrospun injectable bioactive nano/micro particulate constructs, an innovative ZNP-functionalized 3D-printed formulation and the distinct bioactivity of D-ZNP as a powerful antibacterial/wound healing promotor. In addition, findings underscored the crucial role of nanofibrous-MS carrier in enhancing the physicochemical, antibacterial, and wound regenerative properties of DDAB-nano ZnO. In conclusion, innovative 3D-printed DZ-MS@scaffold merging the MS-boosted multiple functionalities of ZNP and DDAB, the structural characteristics of nanofibrous MS in addition to those of the 3D-printed bilayer scaffold, provide a versatile bioactive material platform for diabetic wound healing and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M Metwally
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Salma E El-Habashy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Lobna S El-Hosseiny
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Eltaher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies Division, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Labiba K El-Khordagui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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12
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Glasco DL, Sheelam A, Ho NHB, Bell JG. Smartphone-based detection of levodopa in human sweat using 3D printed sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1273:341546. [PMID: 37423672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the leading neurological disorders negatively impacting health on a global scale. Patients diagnosed with PD require frequent monitoring, prescribed medications, and therapy for extended periods as symptom severity worsens. The primary pharmaceutical treatment for PD patients is levodopa (L-Dopa) which reduces many symptoms experienced by PD patients (e.g., tremors, cognitive ability, motor dysfunction, etc.) through the regulation of dopamine levels in the body. Herein, the first detection of L-Dopa in human sweat using a low-cost 3D printed sensor with a simple and rapid fabrication protocol combined with a portable potentiostat wirelessly connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth is reported. By combining saponification and electrochemical activation into a single protocol, the optimized 3D printed carbon electrodes were able to simultaneously detect uric acid and L-Dopa throughout their biologically relevant ranges. The optimized sensors provided a sensitivity of 83 ± 3 nA/μM from 24 μM to 300 nM L-Dopa. Common physiological interferents found in sweat (e.g., ascorbic acid, glucose, caffeine) showed no influence on the response for L-Dopa. Lastly, a percent recovery of L-Dopa in human sweat using a smartphone-assisted handheld potentiostat resulted in the recovery of 100 ± 8%, confirming the ability of this sensor to accurately detect L-Dopa in sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton L Glasco
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Anjaiah Sheelam
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Nguyen H B Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA.
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13
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Han S, Lee P, Choi HJ. Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2114. [PMID: 37631328 PMCID: PMC10458847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, each of them faces its own challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. To overcome such limitations, researchers have created novel supplementary materials and delivery systems. The goal of this review article is to provide vaccine formulation researchers with the most up-to-date information on vaccine formulation and the immunological mechanisms available, to identify the technical challenges associated with the commercialization of non-invasive vaccines, and to guide future research and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.H.); (P.L.)
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14
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Elbjorn M, Provencio J, Phillips P, Sainz J, Harrison N, Rocco DD, Jaramillo A, Jain P, Lozano A, Hood RL. An Innovative Polymeric Platform for Controlled and Localized Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1795. [PMID: 37513982 PMCID: PMC10385353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to optimize pharmacological treatments by considering patients' genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors, enabling dosages personalized to the individual. To address challenges associated with oral and injectable administration approaches, implantable drug delivery systems have been developed. These systems overcome issues like patient adherence, bioavailability, and first-pass metabolism. Utilizing new combinations of biodegradable polymers, the proposed solution, a Polymeric Controlled Release System (PCRS), allows minimally invasive placement and controlled drug administration over several weeks. This study's objective was to show that the PCRS exhibits a linear biphasic controlled release profile, which would indicate potential as an effective treatment vehicle for cervical malignancies. An injection mold technique was developed for batch manufacturing of devices, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the device's geometry and surface area could be varied to achieve various drug release profiles. This study's results motivate additional development of the PCRS to treat cervical cancer, as well as other malignancies, such as lung, testicular, and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Elbjorn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jacob Provencio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Paige Phillips
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Javier Sainz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Noah Harrison
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - David Di Rocco
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ada Jaramillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Priya Jain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Tecan, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Alejandro Lozano
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - R Lyle Hood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Cai D, Gu J, Sun D. Differential Mobility Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Multiple Ion Monitoring Coupled with in Source-Collision Induced Dissociation: A New Strategy for the Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Polymer Excipients in Rat Plasma. Molecules 2023; 28:4782. [PMID: 37375337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acids (PLAs) are synthetic polymers composed of repeating lactic acid subunits. For their good biocompatibility, PLAs have been approved and widely applied as pharmaceutical excipients and scaffold materials. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool not only for pharmaceutical ingredients but also for pharmaceutical excipients. However, the characterization of PLAs presents particular problems for mass spectrometry techniques. In addition to their high molecular weights and wide polydispersity, multiple charging and various adductions are intrinsic features of electrospray ionization. In the present study, a strategy combining of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), multiple ion monitoring (MIM) and in-source collision-induced dissociation (in source-CID) has been developed and applied to the characterization and quantitation of PLAs in rat plasma. First, PLAs will be fragmented into characteristic fragment ions under high declustering potential in the ionization source. The specific fragment ions are then screened twice by quadrupoles to ensure a high signal intensity and low interference for mass spectrometry detection. Subsequently, DMS technique has been applied to further reduce the background noise. The appropriately chosen surrogate specific precursor ions could be utilized for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of PLAs, which provided results with the advantages of low endogenous interference, sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for bioassay. The linearity of the method was evaluated over the concentration range 3-100 μg/mL (r2 = 0.996) for PLA 20,000. The LC-DMS-MIM coupled with in source-CID strategy may contribute to the pharmaceutical studies of PLAs and the possible prospects of other pharmaceutical excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingze Liu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Deqi Cai
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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16
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Kumar R, Sadeghi K, Jang J, Seo J. Mechanical, chemical, and bio-recycling of biodegradable plastics: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163446. [PMID: 37075991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of petroleum-based non-biodegradable plastics for various applications has led to global concerns regarding the severe environmental issues associated with them. However, biodegradable plastics are emerging as green alternatives to petroleum-based non-biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics, which include bio-based and petroleum-based biodegradable polymers, exhibit advantageous properties such as renewability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Furthermore, certain biodegradable plastics are compatible with existing recycling streams intended for conventional plastics and are biodegradable in controlled and/or predicted environments. Recycling biodegradable plastics before their end-of-life (EOL) degradation further enhances their sustainability and reduces their carbon footprint. Since the production of biodegradable plastic is increasing and these materials will coexist with conventional plastics for many years to come, it is essential to identify the optimal recycling options for each of the most prevalent biodegradable plastics. The substitution of virgin biodegradable plastics by their recyclates leads to higher savings in the primary energy demand and reduces global warming impact. This review covers the current state of the mechanical, chemical, and bio-recycling of post-industrial and post-consumer waste of biodegradable plastics and their related composites. The effects of recycling on the chemical structure and thermomechanical properties of biodegradable plastics are also reported. Additionally, the improvement of biodegradable plastics by blending them with other polymers and nanoparticles is comprehensively discussed. Finally, the status of bioplastic usage, life cycle assessment, EOL management, bioplastic market, and the challenges associated with the recyclability of biodegradable plastics are addressed. This review gives comprehensive insights into the recycling processes that may be employed for the recycling of biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | - Kambiz Sadeghi
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Jang
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | - Jongchul Seo
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea.
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17
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Castañeda-Rodríguez S, González-Torres M, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Del Prado‑Audelo ML, Leyva‑Gómez G, Gürer ES, Sharifi‑Rad J. Recent advances in modified poly (lactic acid) as tissue engineering materials. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:21. [PMID: 36941601 PMCID: PMC10029204 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As an emerging science, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine focus on developing materials to replace, restore or improve organs or tissues and enhancing the cellular capacity to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into different cell types and specific tissues. Renewable resources have been used to develop new materials, resulting in attempts to produce various environmentally friendly biomaterials. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biopolymer known to be biodegradable and it is produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates. PLA can be combined with other polymers to produce new biomaterials with suitable physicochemical properties for tissue engineering applications. Here, the advances in modified PLA as tissue engineering materials are discussed in light of its drawbacks, such as biological inertness, low cell adhesion, and low degradation rate, and the efforts conducted to address these challenges toward the design of new enhanced alternative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Castañeda-Rodríguez
- Conacyt & Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- Conacyt & Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Gerardo Leyva‑Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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18
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Overview of Antimicrobial Biodegradable Polyester-Based Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032945. [PMID: 36769266 PMCID: PMC9917530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the clinical complications induced by microbial infections are known to have life-threatening side effects, conventional anti-infective therapy is necessary, but not sufficient to overcome these issues. Some of their limitations are connected to drug-related inefficiency or resistance and pathogen-related adaptive modifications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced antimicrobials and antimicrobial devices. A challenging, yet successful route has been the development of new biostatic or biocide agents and biomaterials by considering the indisputable advantages of biopolymers. Polymers are attractive materials due to their physical and chemical properties, such as compositional and structural versatility, tunable reactivity, solubility and degradability, and mechanical and chemical tunability, together with their intrinsic biocompatibility and bioactivity, thus enabling the fabrication of effective pharmacologically active antimicrobial formulations. Besides representing protective or potentiating carriers for conventional drugs, biopolymers possess an impressive ability for conjugation or functionalization. These aspects are key for avoiding malicious side effects or providing targeted and triggered drug delivery (specific and selective cellular targeting), and generally to define their pharmacological efficacy. Moreover, biopolymers can be processed in different forms (particles, fibers, films, membranes, or scaffolds), which prove excellent candidates for modern anti-infective applications. This review contains an overview of antimicrobial polyester-based formulations, centered around the effect of the dimensionality over the properties of the material and the effect of the production route or post-processing actions.
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19
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Crystallinity Dependence of PLLA Hydrophilic Modification during Alkali Hydrolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010075. [PMID: 36616425 PMCID: PMC9823826 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) has been extensively used in tissue engineering, in which its surface hydrophilicity plays an important role. In this work, an efficient and green strategy has been developed to tailor surface hydrophilicity via alkali hydrolysis. On one hand, the ester bond in PLLA has been cleaved and generates carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, both of which are beneficial to the improvement of hydrophilicity. On the other hand, the degradation of PLLA increases the roughness on the film surface. The resultant surface wettability of PLLA exhibits crucial dependence on its crystallinity. In the specimen with high crystallinity, the local enrichment of terminal carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in amorphous regions accelerates the degradation of ester group, producing more hydrophilic groups and slit valleys on film surface. The enhanced contact between PLLA and water in aqueous solution (i.e., the Wenzel state) contributes to the synergistic effect between generated hydrophilic groups and surface roughness, facilitating further degradation. Consequently, the hydrophilicity has been improved significantly in the high crystalline case. On the contrary, the competition effect between them leads to the failure of this strategy in the case of low crystallinity.
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20
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Palmiyanto MH, Surojo E, Ariawan D, Imaduddin F. E-glass/kenaf fibre reinforced thermoset composites fiiled with MCC and immersion in a different fluid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20332. [PMID: 36434046 PMCID: PMC9700771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to examine the long-term durability of glass-kenaf fibre reinforced phenolic resin composites when they are exposed to humid environments or submerged in water. Furthermore, the durability of such composites when immersed in different pH solutions have yet to be examined. As such, this present study examined the use of 4%, 8%, and 12% volume fractions (vfs) of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a filler and reinforcement to improve the properties of glass fibre-kenaf reinforced phenolic resin composites. The flexural strength of these composites was examined both pre- and post-immersion in distilled water (pH 7), seawater (pH 8), and an acidic solution (pH 3) for 60 days. The diffusion mechanism, difussion coefficient, and water absorption concentration were also examined. The difussion coefficient and water absorption concentration occurred post-immersion in distilled water (pH7) and seawater (pH8) while the acidic solution (pH3) resulted in the highest loss of mass and size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the surfaces of the saturated composites indicated that fibre-matrix interfacial bonding was weak. However, composites that contained a higher vf of MCC exhibited stronger interfacial bonding between the matrix and constituents, thereby, reducing water absorption and diffusion. The flexural strength of the composite pre- and post-immersion was MCC12 > MCC8 > MCC4 > MCC0, in descending order of strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinus Heru Palmiyanto
- grid.444517.70000 0004 1763 5731Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126 Central Java Indonesia ,Mechanical Engineering Department, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Sukoharjo, 57552 Central Java Indonesia
| | - Eko Surojo
- grid.444517.70000 0004 1763 5731Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126 Central Java Indonesia
| | - Dody Ariawan
- grid.444517.70000 0004 1763 5731Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126 Central Java Indonesia
| | - Fitrian Imaduddin
- grid.444517.70000 0004 1763 5731Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126 Central Java Indonesia
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21
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Rapid biodegradation of high molecular weight semi-crystalline polylactic acid at ambient temperature via enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis by a defined bacterial consortium. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Ding Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Lv Z, Meng X, Yuan Z, Long T, Wang Y. 3D printing polylactic acid polymer-bioactive glass loaded with bone cement for bone defect in weight-bearing area. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:947521. [PMID: 35957643 PMCID: PMC9358041 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.947521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects in weight-bearing areas is mainly to transplant filling materials into the defect area, to provide immediate and strong support for weight-bearing. At present, the commonly used filling material is bone cement, which can only provide physical support without bone regeneration effect. The long-term stress at the interface may cause the loosening of bone cement. The ideal filling material should provide not only strong mechanical support but also promote bone regeneration. We introduce a 3D printing frame-filling structure in this study. The structure was printed with polylactic acid/bioactive glass as the frame, and bone cement as the filler. In this system, bone cement was used to provide immediate fixation, and the frame provided long-term fixation by promoting osteogenic induction and conduction between the interface. The results showed that the degradation of bioactive glass in the frame promoted osteogenic metabolism, induced M2 polarization of macrophages, and inhibited local inflammatory response. The in vivo study revealed that implantation of the frame-filling structure significantly promoted bone regeneration in the femoral bone defect area of New Zealand white rabbits. For a bone defect in a weight-bearing area, long-term stability could be obtained by bone integration through this frame-filling structure.
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