1
|
Williams A, Cooper E, Clark B, Perry L, Ponassi M, Iervasi E, Brullo C, Greenhough A, Ladomery M. Anticancer Effects of the Novel Pyrazolyl-Urea GeGe-3. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5380. [PMID: 38791418 PMCID: PMC11121338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In a screen of over 200 novel pyrazole compounds, ethyl 1-(2-hydroxypentyl)-5-(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)ureido)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (named GeGe-3) has emerged as a potential anticancer compound. GeGe-3 displays potent anti-angiogenic properties through the presumptive targeting of the protein kinase DMPK1 and the Ca2+-binding protein calreticulin. We further explored the anticancer potential of GeGe-3 on a range of established cancer cell lines, including PC3 (prostate adenocarcinoma), SKMEL-28 (cutaneous melanoma), SKOV-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma), Hep-G2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), MDA-MB231, SKBR3, MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (lung carcinoma), and HeLa (cervix epithelioid carcinoma). At concentrations in the range of 10 μM, GeGe-3 significantly restricted cell proliferation and metabolism. GeGe-3 also reduced PC3 cell migration in a standard wound closure and trans-well assay. Together, these results confirm the anticancer potential of GeGe-3 and underline the need for more detailed pre-clinical investigations into its molecular targets and mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Williams
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Emma Cooper
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Bethany Clark
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Laura Perry
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Marco Ponassi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, L.go. R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Iervasi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, L.go. R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alexander Greenhough
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Michael Ladomery
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lusardi M, Signorello MG, Russo E, Caviglia D, Ponassi M, Iervasi E, Rosano C, Brullo C, Spallarossa A. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on Highly Functionalized Pyrazole Hydrazones and Amides as Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4607. [PMID: 38731825 PMCID: PMC11083148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminopyrazoles represent interesting structures in medicinal chemistry, and several derivatives showed biological activity in different therapeutic areas. Previously reported 5-aminopyrazolyl acylhydrazones and amides showed relevant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. To further extend the structure-activity relationships in this class of derivatives, a novel series of pyrazolyl acylhydrazones and amides was designed and prepared through a divergent approach. The novel compounds shared the phenylamino pyrazole nucleus that was differently decorated at positions 1, 3, and 4. The antiproliferative, antiaggregating, and antioxidant properties of the obtained derivatives 10-22 were evaluated in in vitro assays. Derivative 11a showed relevant antitumor properties against selected tumor cell lines (namely, HeLa, MCF7, SKOV3, and SKMEL28) with micromolar IC50 values. In the platelet assay, selected pyrazoles showed higher antioxidant and ROS formation inhibition activity than the reference drugs acetylsalicylic acid and N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, in vitro radical scavenging screening confirmed the good antioxidant properties of acylhydrazone molecules. Overall, the collected data allowed us to extend the structure-activity relationships of the previously reported compounds and confirmed the pharmaceutical attractiveness of this class of aminopyrazole derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Grazia Signorello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Marco Ponassi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.I.); (C.R.)
| | - Erika Iervasi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.I.); (C.R.)
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.I.); (C.R.)
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soltan OM, Abdel-Aziz SA, Sh Shaykoon M, Osawa K, Narumi A, Abdel-Aziz M, Shoman ME, Konno H. Development of 1,5-diarylpyrazoles as EGFR/JNK-2 dual inhibitors: design, synthesis, moleecular docking, and bioactivity evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 102:129673. [PMID: 38408511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The eradication of multifactorial diseases, such as cancer, requires the design of drug candidates that attack multiple targets that contribute to the progression and proliferation of such diseases. Here, 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives bearing vanillin or sulfanilamide are developed as potential dual inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK-2) for possible anticancer activity. These derivatives inhibited the growths of DLD-1, HeLa, K-562, SUIT-2 and HepG2 cancer cell lines, with minimum concentration required to inhibit half of the cellular growth (IC50) values of 2.7-63 μM. The tests confirmed that 5b and 5d were potent JNK-2 inhibitors, with IC50 of 2.0 and 0.9 μM, respectively, whereas 6 h selectively inhibited EGFR protein kinase (EGFR-PK) (IC50 = 1.7 μM). Notably, 6c inhibited both kinases, with IC50 values of 2.7 and 3.0 μM against EGFR-PK and JNK-2, respectively, offering a reference for designing mutual inhibitors of EGFR/JNK-2. The docking studies revealed the ability of the pyrazole ring to bind to the hinge region of the ATP binding site, thereby supporting the experimental inhibitory results. Furthermore, the developed compounds could induce apoptosis and induce cell cycle arrest at different cell phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111 Minia, Egypt
| | - Montaser Sh Shaykoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Keima Osawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heo YJ, Lee N, Choi SE, Jeon JY, Han SJ, Kim DJ, Kang Y, Lee KW, Kim HJ. Amphiregulin Induces iNOS and COX-2 Expression through NF- κB and MAPK Signaling in Hepatic Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:2364121. [PMID: 37868614 PMCID: PMC10586434 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2364121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a major cause of hepatic tissue damage and accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Amphiregulin (AREG), an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand, is associated with human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to investigate the effects of AREG on hepatic inflammation during NAFLD progression, in vivo and in vitro. Methods AREG gene expression was measured in the liver of mice fed a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 2 weeks. We evaluated inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways in HepG2 cells after stimulation with AREG. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, were analyzed using western blotting. Results Proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8) and immune cell recruitment (as indicated by L3T4, F4/80, and ly6G mRNA expression) increased, and expression of AREG increased in the liver of mice fed the MCD diet. AREG significantly increased the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β and the production of NO, PGE2, and IL-8 in HepG2 cells. It also activated the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. AREG-activated NF-κB and MAPKs signaling, and together with NF-κB and MAPKs inhibitors, AREG significantly reduced the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Conclusion AREG plays a role in hepatic inflammation by increasing iNOS and COX-2 expression via NF-κB and MAPKs signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Heo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-E. Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Edilova YO, Osipova EA, Slepukhin PA, Saloutin VI, Bazhin DN. Exploring Three Avenues: Chemo- and Regioselective Transformations of 1,2,4-Triketone Analogs into Pyrazoles and Pyridazinones. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14234. [PMID: 37762539 PMCID: PMC10531707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A convenient approach to substituted pyrazoles and pyridazinones based on 1,2,4-triketones is presented. Chemo- and regiocontrol in condensations of t-Bu, Ph-, 2-thienyl-, and CO2Et-substituted 1,2,4-triketone analogs with hydrazines are described. The direction of preferential nucleophilic attack was shown to be switched depending on the substituent nature in triketone as well as the reaction conditions. The acid and temperature effects on the selectivity of condensations were revealed. Regiochemistry of heterocyclic core formation was confirmed by NMR and XRD studies. The facile construction of heterocyclic motifs bearing acetyl and (or) carbethoxy groups suggests them as promising mono- or bifunctional building blocks for subsequent transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia O. Edilova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia (V.I.S.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Osipova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia (V.I.S.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Eltsin, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Slepukhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia (V.I.S.)
| | - Victor I. Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia (V.I.S.)
| | - Denis N. Bazhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia (V.I.S.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Eltsin, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nitulescu GM, Stancov G, Seremet OC, Nitulescu G, Mihai DP, Duta-Bratu CG, Barbuceanu SF, Olaru OT. The Importance of the Pyrazole Scaffold in the Design of Protein Kinases Inhibitors as Targeted Anticancer Therapies. Molecules 2023; 28:5359. [PMID: 37513232 PMCID: PMC10385367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered activation or overexpression of protein kinases (PKs) is a major subject of research in oncology and their inhibition using small molecules, protein kinases inhibitors (PKI) is the best available option for the cure of cancer. The pyrazole ring is extensively employed in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development strategies, playing a vital role as a fundamental framework in the structure of various PKIs. This scaffold holds major importance and is considered a privileged structure based on its synthetic accessibility, drug-like properties, and its versatile bioisosteric replacement function. It has proven to play a key role in many PKI, such as the inhibitors of Akt, Aurora kinases, MAPK, B-raf, JAK, Bcr-Abl, c-Met, PDGFR, FGFRT, and RET. Of the 74 small molecule PKI approved by the US FDA, 8 contain a pyrazole ring: Avapritinib, Asciminib, Crizotinib, Encorafenib, Erdafitinib, Pralsetinib, Pirtobrutinib, and Ruxolitinib. The focus of this review is on the importance of the unfused pyrazole ring within the clinically tested PKI and on the additional required elements of their chemical structures. Related important pyrazole fused scaffolds like indazole, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole, pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, or pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine are beyond the subject of this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgiana Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.N.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu Z, Zhuang Y, Chen Q. Current scenario of pyrazole hybrids with in vivo therapeutic potential against cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115495. [PMID: 37209450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics occupy a pivotal role in the medication of different types of cancers, but the prevalence and mortality rates of cancer remain high. The drug resistance and low specificity of current available chemotherapeutics are the main barriers for the effective cancer chemotherapy, evoking an immediate need for the development of novel anticancer agents. Pyrazole is a highly versatile five-membered heterocycle with two adjacent nitrogen atoms and possesses remarkable therapeutic effects and robust pharmacological potency. The pyrazole derivatives especially pyrazole hybrids have demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo efficacies against cancers through multiple mechanisms, inclusive of apoptosis induction, autophagy regulation, and cell cycle disruption. Moreover, several pyrazole hybrids such as crizotanib (pyrazole-pyridine hybrid), erdafitinib (pyrazole-quinoxaline hybrid) and ruxolitinib (pyrazole-pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidine hybrid) have already been approved for the cancer therapy, revealing that pyrazole hybrids are useful scaffolds to develop novel anticancer agents. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current scenario of pyrazole hybrids with potential in vivo anticancer efficacy along with mechanisms of action, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics, covering papers published in recent 5 years (2018-present), to facilitate further rational exploitation of more effective candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Industry Innovation & Research and Development Institute of Zhumadian, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China.
| | - Yafei Zhuang
- Industry Innovation & Research and Development Institute of Zhumadian, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Qingtai Chen
- College of Chemistry Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fanta BS, Lenjisa J, Teo T, Kou L, Mekonnen L, Yang Y, Basnet SKC, Hassankhani R, Sykes MJ, Yu M, Wang S. Discovery of N,4-Di(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine-Derived CDK2 Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072951. [PMID: 37049714 PMCID: PMC10096391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) has been garnering considerable interest as a target to develop new cancer treatments and to ameliorate resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. However, a selective CDK2 inhibitor has yet to be clinically approved. With the desire to discover novel, potent, and selective CDK2 inhibitors, the phenylsulfonamide moiety of our previous lead compound 1 was bioisosterically replaced with pyrazole derivatives, affording a novel series of N,4-di(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amines that exhibited potent CDK2 inhibitory activity. Among them, 15 was the most potent CDK2 inhibitor (Ki = 0.005 µM) with a degree of selectivity over other CDKs tested. Meanwhile, this compound displayed sub-micromolar antiproliferative activity against a panel of 13 cancer cell lines (GI50 = 0.127–0.560 μM). Mechanistic studies in ovarian cancer cells revealed that 15 reduced the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma at Thr821, arrested cells at the S and G2/M phases, and induced apoptosis. These results accentuate the potential of the N,4-di(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine scaffold to be developed into potent and selective CDK2 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Designing Next-Generation Drug-like Molecules for Medicinal Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041860. [PMID: 36838848 PMCID: PMC9961863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new drugs/drug candidates for medical treatment remains an exciting but challenging process as only a limited number of synthetic compounds fit well into the discovery and development process after multiple experiments and screening for their preclinical properties [...].
Collapse
|
10
|
Ardevines S, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. Heterocycles in Breast Cancer Treatment: The Use of Pyrazole Derivatives. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1145-1174. [PMID: 36043746 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220829091830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the aromatic heterocycle rings, pyrazole -a five-membered ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms in its structure has been postulated as a potent candidate in the pharmacological context. This moiety is an interesting therapeutic target covering a broad spectrum of biological activities due to its presence in many natural substances. Hence, the potential of the pyrazole derivatives as antitumor agents has been explored in many investigations, showing promising results in some cases. In this sense, breast cancer, which is already the leading cause of cancer mortality in women in some countries, has been the topic selected for this review, which covers a range of different research from the earliest studies published in 2003 to the most recent ones in 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ardevines
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fluorinated and Non-Fluorinated 1,4-Diarylpyrazoles via MnO 2-Mediated Mechanochemical Deacylative Oxidation of 5-Acylpyrazolines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238446. [PMID: 36500541 PMCID: PMC9736116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free two-step synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrazoles under ball-milling mechanochemical conditions was developed. The protocol comprises (3 + 2)-cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrile imines and chalcones, followed by oxidation of the initially formed 5-acylpyrazolines with activated MnO2. The second step proceeds via an exclusive deacylative pathway, to give a series of 1,4-diarylpyrazoles functionalized with a fluorinated (CF3) or non-fluorinated (Ph, COOEt, Ac) substituent at C(3) of the heterocyclic ring. In contrast, MnO2-mediated oxidation of a model isomeric 4-acylpyrazoline proceeded with low chemoselectivity, leading to fully substituted pyrazole as a major product formed via dehydrogenative aromatization. The presented approach extends the scope of the known methods carried out in organic solvents and enables the preparation of polyfunctionalized pyrazoles, which are of general interest in medicine and material sciences.
Collapse
|
12
|
Amrhein JA, Berger LM, Tjaden A, Krämer A, Elson L, Tolvanen T, Martinez-Molina D, Kaiser A, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Müller S, Knapp S, Hanke T. Discovery of 3-Amino-1 H-pyrazole-Based Kinase Inhibitors to Illuminate the Understudied PCTAIRE Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314834. [PMID: 36499165 PMCID: PMC9736855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The PCTAIRE subfamily belongs to the CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) family and represents an understudied class of kinases of the dark kinome. They exhibit a highly conserved binding pocket and are activated by cyclin Y binding. CDK16 is targeted to the plasma membrane after binding to N-myristoylated cyclin Y and is highly expressed in post-mitotic tissues, such as the brain and testis. Dysregulation is associated with several diseases, including breast, prostate, and cervical cancer. Here, we used the N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine moiety from the promiscuous inhibitor 1 to target CDK16, by varying different residues. Further optimization steps led to 43d, which exhibited high cellular potency for CDK16 (EC50 = 33 nM) and the other members of the PCTAIRE and PFTAIRE family with 20-120 nM and 50-180 nM, respectively. A DSF screen against a representative panel of approximately 100 kinases exhibited a selective inhibition over the other kinases. In a viability assessment, 43d decreased the cell count in a dose-dependent manner. A FUCCI cell cycle assay revealed a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest at all tested concentrations for 43d, caused by inhibition of CDK16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Alisa Amrhein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lena Marie Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amelie Tjaden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK Site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lewis Elson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tuomas Tolvanen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK Site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang N, Qiao Y, Du Y, Mei H, Han J. Assembly of trifluoromethylated fused tricyclic pyrazoles via cyclization of β-amino cyclic ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7467-7471. [PMID: 36102007 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fused polycyclic pyrazoles are an important class of heterocyclic compounds; thus, the development of efficient methods for their preparation becomes highly urgent. Herein, we reported an efficient method for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated fused tricyclic pyrazoles via intramolecular cyclization of cyclic ketone-derived amines. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for the in situ generation of trifluoromethylated β-diazo ketones as intermediates via diazotization with the use of tert-butyl nitrite. The synthetic utility of this method is highlighted by scale-up synthesis and the derivatization of the obtained fused tricyclic pyrazole products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yiming Qiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Youlong Du
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gupta A, Iqbal S, Roohi, Hussain MK, Zaheer MR, Shankar K. Visible Light-Promoted Green and Sustainable Approach for One-Pot Synthesis of 4,4'-(Arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols), In Vitro Anticancer Activity, and Molecular Docking with Covid-19 M pro. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34583-34598. [PMID: 36188265 PMCID: PMC9520760 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-promoted, efficient, green, and sustainable strategy has been adopted to unlatch a new pathway toward the synthesis of a library of medicinally important 4,4'-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols) moieties using substituted aromatic aldehydes and sterically hindered 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one in excellent yield. This reaction shows high functional group tolerance and provides a cost-effective and catalyst-free protocol for the quick synthesis of biologically active compounds from readily available substrates. Synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and single-crystal XRD analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against a panel of five different human cancer cell lines and compared with Tamoxifen using MTT assay. Compound 3m exhibited maximum antiproliferative activity and was found to be more active as compared to Tamoxifen against both the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with an IC50 of 5.45 and 9.47 μM, respectively. A molecular docking study with respect to COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) (PDB ID: 6LU7) has also been carried out which shows comparatively high binding affinity of compounds 3f and 3g (-8.3 and -8.8 Kcal/mole, respectively) than few reported drugs such as ritonavir, remdesivir, ribacvirin, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and olsaltamivir. Hence, it reveals the possibility of these compounds to be used as effective COVID-19 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roohi
- Protein
Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd. Kamil Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Govt. Raza PG College, Rampur24901, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd. Rehan Zaheer
- Department
of Chemistry, R.M.P.S.P. Girls Post Graduate
College, Basti272301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krapa Shankar
- Sun
Pharmaceutical industries Ltd, Sarhaul, Sector 18, Gurgaon, Haryana122015, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abu Rabah RR, Sebastian A, Vunnam S, Sultan S, Tarazi H, Anbar HS, Shehata MK, Zaraei SO, Elgendy SM, Al Shamma SA, Omar HA, Al-Tel TH, El-Gamal MI. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of pyrazole derivatives: Discovery of potent and selective JNK3 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
16
|
Hess JD, Macias LH, Gutierrez DA, Moran-Santibanez K, Contreras L, Medina S, Villanueva PJ, Kirken RA, Varela-Ramirez A, Penichet ML, Aguilera RJ. Identification of a Unique Cytotoxic Thieno[2,3-c]Pyrazole Derivative with Potent and Selective Anticancer Effects In Vitro. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060930. [PMID: 35741451 PMCID: PMC9219615 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the thienopyrazole moiety has emerged as a pharmacologically active scaffold with antitumoral and kinase inhibitory activity. In this study, high-throughput screening of 2000 small molecules obtained from the ChemBridge DIVERset library revealed a unique thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole derivative (Tpz-1) with potent and selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Compound Tpz-1 consistently induced cell death at low micromolar concentrations (0.19 μM to 2.99 μM) against a panel of 17 human cancer cell lines after 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h of exposure. Furthermore, an in vitro investigation of Tpz-1's mechanism of action revealed that Tpz-1 interfered with cell cycle progression, reduced phosphorylation of p38, CREB, Akt, and STAT3 kinases, induced hyperphosphorylation of Fgr, Hck, and ERK 1/2 kinases, and disrupted microtubules and mitotic spindle formation. These findings support the continued exploration of Tpz-1 and other thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-based compounds as potential small-molecule anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Hess
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Luca H. Macias
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Denisse A. Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Karla Moran-Santibanez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Lisett Contreras
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Stephanie Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Paulina J. Villanueva
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular Biology Institute, AIDS Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-747-6852
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nitulescu GM. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the Anti-Proliferative Potential of the Pyrazole Scaffold in the Design of Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103300. [PMID: 35630776 PMCID: PMC9146646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work presents an objective overview of the impact of one important heterocyclic structure, the pyrazole ring, in the development of anti-proliferative drugs. A set of 1551 pyrazole derivatives were extracted from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database, together with their growth inhibition effects (GI%) on the NCI’s panel of 60 cancer cell lines. The structures of these derivatives were analyzed based on the compounds’ averages of GI% values across NCI-60 cell lines and the averages of the values for the outlier cells. The distribution and the architecture of the Bemis–Murcko skeletons were analyzed, highlighting the impact of certain scaffold structures on the anti-proliferative effect’s potency and selectivity. The drug-likeness, chemical reactivity and promiscuity risks of the compounds were predicted using AMDETlab. The pyrazole ring proved to be a versatile scaffold for the design of anticancer drugs if properly substituted and if connected with other cyclic structures. The 1,3-diphenyl-pyrazole emerged as a useful scaffold for potent and targeted anticancer candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saeedi S, Rahmati A, Chavoshpour-Natanzi Z. Synthesis of pyrazolo[5′,1′:2,3]imidazo[1,5- c]quinazolin-6(5 H)-ones and molecular docking study of their affinity against the COVID-19 main protease. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19579-19589. [PMID: 35919373 PMCID: PMC9264878 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03179e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of fused pyrazolo[5′,1′:2,3]imidazo[1,5-c]quinazolin-6(5H)-ones were synthesized and their affinity against the COVID-19 main protease was investigated using molecular docking study and compared to that of some used clinical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Saeedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, P. O. Box 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahmati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, P. O. Box 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|