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da Rocha RFP, da Costa MPM, da Costa ACA, de Mello Ferreira IL. Study of the degradation in an ultisol of alginate-chitosan complex and its stability and applicability as a soil conditioner. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130384. [PMID: 38395282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The present work describes the process of degradation of a polyelectrolytic complex (PEC) based on sodium alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CHI), buried for different time intervals, in a clayey soil (ultisol) collected from the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The influence of PEC on soil moisture was also investigated. The results showed that soil moisture increased with the presence of PEC after 7 days of testing, and remained high until the end of the study. FTIR and Raman spectra showed that the breaking of the glycosidic bond (C-O-C) was responsible for the PEC degradation. Thermogravimetry results revealed that alginate was possibly degraded faster than chitosan. Microscopic analysis of the PEC revealed a fragile and fragmented surface of the samples that were buried, in comparison with those not buried. The microbiological assays of the soil confirmed the biodegradation of the polysaccharides. Chemical analysis of soil indicated that PEC did not significantly influence soil fertility. Therefore, we conclude that the PEC (ALG: CHI), formed only by electrostatic interaction, buried in clayey soil, even being biodegraded, can be a promising soil conditioner for agricultural applications.
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Xiao Z, Li K, Li T, Zhang F, Xue J, Zhao M, Yin H. Characterization and Mechanism Study of a Novel PL7 Family Exolytic Alginate Lyase from Marine Bacteria Vibrio sp. W13. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:68-84. [PMID: 37099125 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Alginate lyase can degrade alginate into oligosaccharides through β-elimination for various biological, biorefinery, and agricultural purposes. Here, we report a novel PL7 family exolytic alginate lyase VwAlg7A from marine bacteria Vibrio sp. W13 and achieve the heterologous expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). VwAlg7A is 348aa with a calculated molecular weight of 36 kDa, containing an alginate lyase 2 domain. VwAlg7A exhibits specificity towards poly-guluronate. The optimal temperature and pH of VwAlg7A are 30 °C and 7.0, respectively. The activity of VwAlg7A can be significantly inhibited by the Ni2+, Zn2+, and NaCl. The Km and Vmax of VwAlg7A are 36.9 mg/ml and 395.6 μM/min, respectively. The ESI and HPAEC-PAD results indicate that VwAlg7A cleaves the sugar bond in an exolytic mode. Based on the molecular docking and mutagenesis results, we further confirmed that R98, H169, and Y303 are important catalytic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbin Xiao
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tang Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fanxing Zhang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiayi Xue
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Zhang X, Li W, Pan L, Yang L, Li H, Ji F, Zhang Y, Tang H, Yang D. Improving the thermostability of alginate lyase FlAlyA with high expression by computer-aided rational design for industrial preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1011273. [PMID: 36159669 PMCID: PMC9490058 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FlAlyA, a PL7 alginate lyase with industrial potential, is widely applied in the preparation the alginate oligosaccharide because of its high activity of degradation the alginate. However, heat inactivation still limits the industrial application of FlAlyA. To further enhance its thermostability, a group of mutants were designed, according to evaluating the B-factor value and free energy change via computer-aided calculation. 25 single-point mutants and one double-points mutant were carried out by site-directed mutagenesis. The optimal two single-point mutants H176D and H71K showed 1.20 and 0.3°C increases in the values of Tm, while 7.58 and 1.73 min increases in the values of half-life (t1/2) at 50°C, respectively, compared with that of the wild-type enzyme. Interestingly, H71K exhibits the comprehensive improvement than WT, including expression level, thermal stability and specific activity. In addition, the mechanism of these two mutants is speculated by multiple sequence alignment, structural basis and molecular dynamics simulation, which is likely to be involved in the formation of new hydrogen bonds and decrease the SASA of the mutants. These results indicate that B-factor is an efficient approach to improves the thermostability of alginate lyase composed of β-sheet unit. Furthermore, the highest yield of the mutant reached about 650 mg/L, which was nearly 36 times that of previous studies. The high expression, excellent activity and good thermal stability make FlAlyA a potential candidate for the industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Viticulture and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixia Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Institute of Medicine and Health Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yunkai Zhang, ; Hongzhen Tang, ; Dengfeng Yang,
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Yunkai Zhang, ; Hongzhen Tang, ; Dengfeng Yang,
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yunkai Zhang, ; Hongzhen Tang, ; Dengfeng Yang,
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Production of 4-Deoxy-L-erythro-5-Hexoseulose Uronic Acid Using Two Free and Immobilized Alginate Lyases from Falsirhodobacter sp. Alg1. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103308. [PMID: 35630785 PMCID: PMC9144776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Falsirhodobacter sp. alg1 expresses two alginate lyases, AlyFRA and AlyFRB, to produce the linear monosaccharide 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH) from alginate, metabolizing it to pyruvate. In this study, we prepared recombinant AlyFRA and AlyFRB and their immobilized enzymes and investigated DEH production. Purified AlyFRA and AlyFRB reacted with sodium alginate and yielded approximately 96.8% DEH. Immobilized AlyFRA and AlyFRB were prepared using each crude enzyme solution and κ-carrageenan, and immobilized enzyme reuse in batch reactions and DEH yield were examined. Thus, DEH was produced in a relatively high yield of 79.6%, even after the immobilized enzyme was reused seven times. This method can produce DEH efficiently and at a low cost and can be used to mass produce the next generation of biofuels using brown algae.
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MURATA K, KAWAI S, HASHIMOTO W. Bacteria with a mouth: Discovery and new insights into cell surface structure and macromolecule transport. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:529-552. [PMID: 36504195 PMCID: PMC9751261 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A bacterium with a "mouth"-like pit structure isolated for the first time in the history of microbiology was a Gram-negative rod, containing glycosphingolipids in the cell envelope, and named Sphingomonas sp. strain A1. The pit was dynamic, with repetitive opening and closing during growth on alginate, and directly included alginate concentrated around the pit, particularly by flagellins, an alginate-binding protein localized on the cell surface. Alginate incorporated into the periplasm was subsequently transferred to the cytoplasm by cooperative interactions of periplasmic solute-binding proteins and an ATP-binding cassette transporter in the cytoplasmic membrane. The mechanisms of assembly, functions, and interactions between the above-mentioned molecules were clarified using structural biology. The pit was transplanted into other strains of sphingomonads, and the pitted recombinant cells were effectively applied to the production of bioethanol, bioremediation for dioxin removal, and other tasks. Studies of the function of the pit shed light on the biological significance of cell surface structures and macromolecule transport in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shigeyuki KAWAI
- Research Institute for Bioresource and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Wataru HASHIMOTO
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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