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Keum H, Kim J, Zhang Z, Graf E, Albadawi H, Oklu R. Biocompatible Liquid Embolic for the Treatment of Microvascular Hemorrhage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403615. [PMID: 39049735 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Persistent or recurrent bleeding from microvessels inaccessible for direct endovascular intervention is a major problem in medicine today. Here, an innovative catheter-directed liquid embolic (P-LE) is bioengineered for rapid microvessel embolization to treat small vessel hemorrhage. Tested in rodent, porcine, and canine animal models under normal and coagulopathic conditions, P-LE outperformed clinically used embolic materials in both survival and non-survival experiments, effectively occluding vessels as small as 40 microns with no signs of recanalization. P-LE occlusion is independent of the coagulation cascade, and its resistance to displacement is ≈ 8 times greater than systolic blood pressure. P-LE is also found to be biocompatible and x-ray visible and does not require polymerization or a chemical reaction to embolize. To simulate the clinical scenario, acute microvascular hemorrhage is created in the pig kidney, liver, or stomach; these are successfully treated with P-LE achieving immediate hemostasis. Furthermore, P-LE is found to be bactericidal to highly resistant patient-derived bacteria, suggesting that P-LE may also protect against infectious complications that may occur following embolization procedures. P-LE is safe, easy to use, and effective in treating -microvessel hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongseop Keum
- The Laboratory for Patient-Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- The Laboratory for Patient-Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Zefu Zhang
- The Laboratory for Patient-Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Erin Graf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Hassan Albadawi
- The Laboratory for Patient-Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- The Laboratory for Patient-Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
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Sirasitthichoke C, Patel S, Reuter KG, Hermans A, Bredael G, Armenante PM. Effect of basket mesh size on the hydrodynamics of a partially filled (500 mL) USP rotating basket dissolution testing Apparatus 1. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124209. [PMID: 38718973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The USP Rotating Basket Dissolution Testing Apparatus 1 is listed in the USP as one of the tools to assess dissolution of oral solid dosage forms. Baskets of different mesh sizes can be used to differentiate between dissolution profiles of different formulations. Here, we used Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to study the hydrodynamics of the USP Apparatus 1 using baskets with different mesh openings (10-, 20- and 40-mesh) revolving at 100 rpm, when the vessel was filled with 500 mL. The velocity profiles throughout the liquid were found to vary significantly using baskets of different mesh sizes, typically increasing with increased size of the opening of the basket mesh, especially for axial and radial velocities. This, in turn, resulted in a significantly different flow rate through the basket, which can be expected to significantly impact the dissolution rate of the drug product. A comparison between the results of this work with those of a previous study with a 900-mL fill volume (Sirasitthichoke et al., Intern. J. Pharmaceutics, 2021, 607: 120976), shows that although the hydrodynamics in the USP Apparatus 1 changed with fill level in the vessel, the flow rate through the basket was not significantly affected. This implies that tablets dissolving in the two systems would experience similar tablet-liquid medium mass transfer coefficients, and therefore similar initial dissolution rates, but different dissolution profiles because of the difference in volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadakarn Sirasitthichoke
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USA
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA
| | - Kevin G Reuter
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA; Analytical Science Group, Haleon, Richmond, VA 23220-1212, USA
| | - Andre Hermans
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA
| | - Gerard Bredael
- Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA
| | - Piero M Armenante
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USA.
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Effect of Laser-Induced Optical Breakdown on the Structure of Bsa Molecules in Aqueous Solutions: An Optical Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196752. [PMID: 36235285 PMCID: PMC9573762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of laser radiation of a typical surgical laser on the physicochemical properties of the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein was studied. It was established that the physicochemical characteristics of optical breakdown weakly depend on the concentration of protein molecules. At the same time, the patterns observed for an aqueous solution of BSA irradiated with a laser for different time periods were extremely similar to the classical ones. It was established that after exposure to laser radiation, the optical density of protein solutions increases. At the same time, the intensity of BSA fluorescence due to aromatic amino acid residues decreases insignificantly after exposure to laser radiation. In this case, the position of the excitation and emission maximum does not change, and the shape of the fluorescence spot on 3D maps also does not change significantly. On the Raman spectrum after exposure to laser radiation, a significant decrease in 1570 cm−1 was observed, which indicates the degradation of α-helices and, as a result, partial denaturation of BSA molecules. Partial denaturation did not significantly change the total area of protein molecules, since the refractive index of solutions did not change significantly. However, in BSA solutions, after exposure to laser radiation, the viscosity increased, and the pseudoplasticity of aqueous solutions decreased. In this case, there was no massive damage to the polypeptide chain; on the contrary, when exposed to optical breakdown, intense aggregation was observed, while aggregates with a size of 400 nm or more appeared in the solution. Thus, under the action of optical breakdown induced by laser radiation in a BSA solution, the processes of partial denaturation and aggregation prevail, aromatic amino acid residues are damaged to a lesser extent, and fragmentation of protein molecules is not observed.
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