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Zhao J, Fan Y, Cheng Z, Kennelly EJ, Long C. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and bioactivities of Cymbopogon plants: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118181. [PMID: 38608798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon (Poaceae) plants have been used for various purposes by many indigenous peoples in all continents. In particular, almost all species in the genus have traditionally been used as folk medicine to treat ailments. Traditional application records indicated that Cymbopogon might be used extensively to treat cold, dizziness, headache, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, rheumatism, diarrhea, whole grass for cold, sore throat, tracheitis and others. AIMS OF THE REVIEW Despite several research confirmed that Cymbopogon includes a range of active components, no review has been undertaken to consolidate information on its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and/or quality control. Thus this article aims to update a comprehensive review about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, cultivation techniques, economic benefits, trade, threats, and future conservation implications of Cymbopogon species. It may provide informative data for future development and further investigation of this important plant group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Traditional medicinal books and ethnomedicinal publications related to Cymbopogon from 1992 to 2023 were collated to investigate its ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological information. The online databases including Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, Wiley, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, and WanFang Database were screened. RESULTS Cymbopogon (Gramineae or Poaceae) plants have been grown worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine and other medicinal systems believes that Cymbopogon has the effect of relieve a cough, analgesia, treating dizziness, traumatic injury and can relieve abdominal pain. A total of 153 compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acid and other compounds were isolated or identified from Cymbopogon species by phytochemical studies. The extracts or compounds from Cymbopogon have exhibited numerous biological activities such as antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antineoplastic, antiarrhythmic, antidiabetic and other activities. The rich contents of citronellal, citronellol and geraniol found in Cymbopogon also provide significant nutritional benefits. CONCLUSION Based on their traditional uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities, Cymbopogon plants are potential medicinal and edible resources with diverse pharmacological effects. Due to various advantages of this group, they possess huge application potential in food and pharmaceutical industries, and animal husbandry. Among them, citronella is very important in terms of economic development. Further comprehensive research to evaluate the medicinal properties of Cymbopogon species will be necessary for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanxiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Kusuma IY, Perdana MI, Vágvölgyi C, Csupor D, Takó M. Exploring the Clinical Applications of Lemongrass Essential Oil: A Scoping Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:159. [PMID: 38399374 PMCID: PMC10892616 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lemongrass is a medicinal plant that produces essential oil with a variety of therapeutic properties. Although lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) is promising in clinical applications, the existing knowledge on the efficacy and safety of LGEO remains limited. This scoping review aimed to identify, summarize, and synthesize existing literature related to the clinical applications of LGEO to provide an overview of its potential therapeutic benefits for patients. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) were used following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to find articles published between 1 January 2013, and 1 November 2022. A total of 671 records were identified and 8 articles were included in this scoping review. The majority of patients received oromucosal and topical treatment. The results of the studies suggest that LGEO might be a useful tool in the treatment of periodontitis, gingivitis and oral malodour, with similar efficacy to chlorhexidine (anti-gingivitis effect) and doxycycline (periodontitis). Additionally, LGEO has the potential for treating pityriasis versicolor and preventing skin aging and may have anti-dandruff effects. These findings not only underscore the diverse clinical potential of LGEO but also emphasize its comparable efficacy to established treatments. Further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate LGEO's effectiveness, safety, mechanisms of action, potential interactions with other medications, and its long-term tolerability across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health, Harapan Bangsa University, Purwokerto 53182, Indonesia;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szikra utca 8, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Perdana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szikra utca 8, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
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Lopes TS, Fussieger C, Theodoro H, Silveira S, Pauletti GF, Ely MR, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from bovine mastitis. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2427-2435. [PMID: 37340212 PMCID: PMC10485190 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes are pathogens frequently detected in bovine mastitis. Treatment and prevention of this disease have been usually carried on with antimicrobials. However, the emergence of bacterial isolates with antimicrobial resistance has aroused interest in new therapeutic alternatives. Plant essential oils (EOs) have been largely studied as antibacterial treatments. In the present study, EOs from five plants were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against S. aureus and S. chromogenes. Bacterial isolates were obtained in a previous study of clinical cases of bovine mastitis. EOs from lemongrass, eucalyptus, lavender, peppermint, and thyme were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated for all EOs. The results demonstrated that citral (40.9%), myrcene (24.7%), and geraniol (1.9%) were detected in lemongrass EO; 1,8-cineole (76.9%), α-pinene (8.2%), and ledene (5.1%) in eucalyptus EO; 1,8-cineole (45.2%), camphor (18.2%), and fenchone (14.6%) in lavender EO; L-menthol (38.5%), menthofuran (16.3%), and citronellal (10.6%) in peppermint EO; and thymol (44.2%), p-cymene (24.6%) and 1,8-cineole (9.9%) in thyme EO. More effective antibacterial activities were observed only with the use of lemongrass (MIC and MBC ranging from 0.39 to 3.12 mg/mL and 0.39 to 6.35 mg/mL, respectively) and thyme (MIC and MBC ranging from 0.39 to 1.56 mg/mL and 0.39 to 3.12 mg/mL, respectively). Peppermint, lavender and eucalyptus EOs did not show bactericidal activities. In conclusion, lemongrass and thyme EOs are promising antibacterial alternatives against Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Silva Lopes
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fussieger
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Theodoro
- Department of Nutrition, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Simone Silveira
- Immunodiagnostic Laboratory, Universidade Do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Rodovia Rovilho Bortoluzzi SC-480, Barro Preto, Xanxerê, (SC) CEP, 89820-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti
- Laboratory of Studies of the Soil, Plant, and Atmosphere System and Plant Metabolism, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul (RS), CEP, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch Ely
- Laboratory of Applied Toxicology and Bioproducts, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul (RS), CEP, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil.
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Palaniappan V, Murthy AB, Karthikeyan K. Pitted keratolysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:978-983. [PMID: 37151115 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a common superficial bacterial skin infection confined to the stratum corneum. It is clinically characterized by multifocal, discrete, pits or crater-like punched-out lesions, commonly over the pressure-bearing aspects of the foot. It is asymptomatic and associated with malodour. The surface is often moist and macerated. The diagnosis of PK is often clinical and diagnostic procedures are usually unnecessary. Lifestyle modifications form the cornerstone of the management of PK. It responds well to topical antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasankar Palaniappan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, India
| | - Aravind Baskar Murthy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, India
| | - Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, India
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Etminani F, Barzegari E. Virtual screening of natural ligands from five resources to target Ralstonia solanacearum polygalacturonase and endoglucanase. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:261. [PMID: 37404365 PMCID: PMC10315359 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present computational study explores novel herbal compounds with potent inhibitory activity against polygalacturonase (PG) and endoglucanase (EG), the extracellular cell wall-degrading enzymes of Ralstonia solanacearum causing crops' bacterial wilt. Phytocompounds of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Coriandrum sativum L., Ocimum basilicum, Cymbopogon citratus, and Thymus vulgaris were first checked to be pharmacokinetically safe and nontoxic. The ligands were then docked to predicted and validated structural models of PG and EG. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to ensure the dynamic stability of protein-ligand complexes. Carvone and citronellyl acetate were identified to have the best docking energy in binding and inhibiting PG and EG, respectively. In molecular dynamics, root-mean-square deviations of PG-Carvone and EG-Citronellyl acetate complexes indicated the high stability of the ligands in their corresponding cavities. Root-mean-square fluctuations of both proteins indicated unchanged mobility of the binding site residues due to a stable interaction with their ligands. Functional groups on both ligands contributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds with their respective proteins, which were preserved throughout the simulation time. The nonpolar energy component was revealed to significantly contribute to the stability of the docked protein-ligand complexes. Overall, our findings imply the high capability of Carvone and Citronellyl acetate as strong pesticides against the R. solanacearum-caused wilt. This study highlighted the potential of natural ligands in controlling the agricultural bacterial infections, as well as the utility of computational screening techniques in discovering appropriate and potent lead compounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03683-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Etminani
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Barzegari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Chaure A, Houdkova M, Antih J, Urbanova K, Doskocil I, Naik ML, Patel KS, Kokoska L. Validation of Broth Macrodilution Volatilization Method for Testing of Essential Oils in Liquid and Vapor Phase: Chemical Composition, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Effect of Indian Medicinal Plants against Pneumonia-Causing Pathogens. Molecules 2023; 28:4625. [PMID: 37375180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have great potential in inhalation therapy for the treatment of respiratory infections. However, innovative methods for evaluation of antimicrobial activity of their vapors are still needed. The current study reports validation of the broth macrodilution volatilization method for assessment of the antibacterial properties of EOs and shows the growth-inhibitory effect of Indian medicinal plants against pneumonia-causing bacteria in liquid and vapor phase. Among all samples tested, Trachyspermum ammi EO exhibits the strongest antibacterial effect against Haemophilus influenzae, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 128 and 256 µg/mL in the liquid and vapor phases, respectively. Furthermore, Cyperus scariosus EO is found to be nontoxic to normal lung fibroblasts assessed by modified thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. Chemical analysis performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified α-citral, cyperotundone, and thymol as the main constituents of Cymbopogon citratus, C. scariosus, and T. ammi EOs, respectively. In addition, β-cymene is identified as the major compound of T. ammi EO vapors when analyzed using solid-phase microextraction and gas-tight syringe sampling techniques. This study demonstrates the validity of the broth macrodilution volatilization method for antimicrobial screening of volatile compounds in the vapor phase and suggests the therapeutic potential of Indian medicinal plants in inhalation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Chaure
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Houdkova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julien Antih
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Urbanova
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Doskocil
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mukund Lal Naik
- National Center for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Khageshwar Singh Patel
- Department of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Manth (Kharora), State Highway 9, Raipur 493225, India
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
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Schneider G, Steinbach A, Putics Á, Solti-Hodován Á, Palkovics T. Potential of Essential Oils in the Control of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1364. [PMID: 37374865 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, the causative agent of listeriosis. Infections typically occur through consumption of foods, such as meats, fisheries, milk, vegetables, and fruits. Today, chemical preservatives are used in foods; however, due to their effects on human health, attention is increasingly turning to natural decontamination practices. One option is the application of essential oils (EOs) with antibacterial features, since EOs are considered by many authorities as being safe. In this review, we aimed to summarize the results of recent research focusing on EOs with antilisterial activity. We review different methods via which the antilisterial effect and the antimicrobial mode of action of EOs or their compounds can be investigated. In the second part of the review, results of those studies from the last 10 years are summarized, in which EOs with antilisterial effects were applied in and on different food matrices. This section only included those studies in which EOs or their pure compounds were tested alone, without combining them with any additional physical or chemical procedure or additive. Tests were performed at different temperatures and, in certain cases, by applying different coating materials. Although certain coatings can enhance the antilisterial effect of an EO, the most effective way is to mix the EO into the food matrix. In conclusion, the application of EOs is justified in the food industry as food preservatives and could help to eliminate this zoonotic bacterium from the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Steinbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Putics
- Central Laboratory, Aladár Petz Teaching Hospital, Vasvári Pál Street 2-4, H-9024 Győr, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Solti-Hodován
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Palkovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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First Evidence of a Combination of Terpinen-4-ol and α-Terpineol as a Promising Tool against ESKAPE Pathogens. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217472. [PMID: 36364298 PMCID: PMC9654757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue raising growing concern in the face of dwindling response options. It is therefore urgent to find new anti-infective molecules enabling us to fight effectively against ever more numerous bacterial infections caused by ever more antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this quest for new antibacterials, essential oils (or compounds extracted from essential oils) appear to be a promising therapeutic option. In the present work, we investigate the potential antibacterial synergy between a combination of terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol (10:1) compared to standard tea tree oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Then, time kill assays, in vitro cytotoxicity and bactericidal activity on latent bacteria (persisters) were investigated. Finally, an in silico study of the pharmacokinetic parameters of α-terpineol was also performed. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the combination of terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol might be a precious weapon to address ESKAPE pathogens.
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